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<H1 class="no-header">curs_inopts 3x</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>                                                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>, <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>keypad</STRONG>, <STRONG>meta</STRONG>, <STRONG>nl</STRONG>,
       <STRONG>nonl</STRONG>, <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>raw</STRONG>, <STRONG>noraw</STRONG>, <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>timeout</STRONG>,
       <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>typeahead</STRONG> - <STRONG>curses</STRONG> input options


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>cbreak(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nocbreak(void);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>echo(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>noecho(void);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>intrflush(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>keypad(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>meta(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nodelay(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>notimeout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nl(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nonl(void);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>raw(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>noraw(void);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>qiflush(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>noqiflush(void);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>halfdelay(int</STRONG> <EM>tenths</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>timeout(int</STRONG> <EM>delay</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wtimeout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>delay</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>typeahead(int</STRONG> <EM>fd</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library provides several functions which let an application
       change the way input from the terminal is handled.   Some  are  global,
       applying to all windows.  Others apply only to a specific window.  Win-
       dow-specific settings are not automatically applied to new  or  derived
       windows.   An  application must apply these to each window, if the same
       behavior is needed.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-cbreak_nocbreak">cbreak/nocbreak</a></H3><PRE>
       Normally, the tty driver buffers typed characters until  a  newline  or
       carriage  return  is typed.  The <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> routine disables line buffering
       and erase/kill character-processing (interrupt and flow control charac-
       ters  are  unaffected), making characters typed by the user immediately
       available to the program.  The <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> routine returns the terminal to
       normal (cooked) mode.

       Initially the terminal may or may not be in <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode, as the mode is
       inherited; therefore, a program should call <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> or <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>  explic-
       itly.   Most  interactive  programs  using  <STRONG>curses</STRONG> set the <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode.
       Note that <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> overrides <STRONG>raw</STRONG>.  [See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> for  a  discussion
       of how these routines interact with <STRONG>echo</STRONG> and <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>.]


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-echo_noecho">echo/noecho</a></H3><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>echo</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>noecho</STRONG> routines control whether characters typed by the
       user are echoed by <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">getch(3x)</A></STRONG> as they are typed.   Echoing  by  the  tty
       driver  is  always  disabled,  but  initially <STRONG>getch</STRONG> is in echo mode, so
       characters typed are echoed.  Authors of most interactive programs pre-
       fer  to do their own echoing in a controlled area of the screen, or not
       to echo at all, so  they  disable  echoing  by  calling  <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>.   [See
       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>  for  a  discussion  of how these routines interact with
       <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> and <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>.]


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-halfdelay">halfdelay</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG> routine is used for half-delay mode, which is similar  to
       <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode in that characters typed by the user are immediately avail-
       able to the program.  However, after blocking for <EM>tenths</EM> tenths of sec-
       onds,  <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>  is returned if nothing has been typed.  The value of <EM>tenths</EM>
       must be a number between 1 and 255.  Use <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> to  leave  half-delay
       mode.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-intrflush">intrflush</a></H3><PRE>
       If  the  <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG> option is enabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>), and an interrupt key
       is pressed on the keyboard (interrupt, break, quit), all output in  the
       tty  driver queue will be flushed, giving the effect of faster response
       to the interrupt, but causing <STRONG>curses</STRONG> to have the wrong idea of what  is
       on  the screen.  Disabling the option (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>) prevents the flush.
       The default for the option is inherited from the tty  driver  settings.
       The window argument is ignored.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-keypad">keypad</a></H3><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>keypad</STRONG>  option  enables the keypad of the user's terminal.  If en-
       abled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>), the user can press a function key (such as an arrow
       key)  and  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">wgetch(3x)</A></STRONG>  returns a single value representing the function
       key, as in <STRONG>KEY_LEFT</STRONG>.  If disabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>), <STRONG>curses</STRONG> does not  treat
       function keys specially and the program has to interpret the escape se-
       quences itself.  If the keypad in the terminal can be turned  on  (made
       to  transmit)  and  off  (made to work locally), turning on this option
       causes the terminal keypad to be turned on when <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">wgetch(3x)</A></STRONG>  is  called.
       The default value for keypad is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-meta">meta</a></H3><PRE>
       Initially,  whether the terminal returns 7 or 8 significant bits on in-
       put depends on the control mode of the tty driver [see <STRONG>termios(3)</STRONG>].  To
       force  8  bits  to be returned, invoke <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>); this is equiva-
       lent, under POSIX, to setting the CS8 flag on the terminal.  To force 7
       bits to be returned, invoke <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>); this is equivalent, under
       POSIX, to setting the CS7 flag on the terminal.  The  window  argument,
       <EM>win</EM>, is always ignored.  If the terminfo capabilities <STRONG>smm</STRONG> (meta_on) and
       <STRONG>rmm</STRONG> (meta_off) are defined for the terminal, <STRONG>smm</STRONG> is sent to the  termi-
       nal  when  <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>,  <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>)  is  called  and <STRONG>rmm</STRONG> is sent when <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>,
       <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>) is called.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-nl_nonl">nl/nonl</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>nl</STRONG> and <STRONG>nonl</STRONG> routines control whether the underlying display  device
       translates the return key into newline on input.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-nodelay">nodelay</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG> option causes <STRONG>getch</STRONG> to be a non-blocking call.  If no input
       is ready, <STRONG>getch</STRONG> returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>.  If disabled (<EM>bf</EM> is  <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>),  <STRONG>getch</STRONG>  waits
       until a key is pressed.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-notimeout">notimeout</a></H3><PRE>
       When  interpreting  an  escape  sequence, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">wgetch(3x)</A></STRONG> sets a timer while
       waiting for the next character.  If  <STRONG>notimeout(</STRONG><EM>win</EM>,  <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>)  is  called,
       then  <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>  does  not  set a timer.  The purpose of the timeout is to
       differentiate between sequences received from a function key and  those
       typed by a user.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-raw_noraw">raw/noraw</a></H3><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>raw</STRONG> and <STRONG>noraw</STRONG> routines place the terminal into or out of raw mode.
       Raw mode is similar to <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode, in that characters typed are  imme-
       diately  passed  through to the user program.  The differences are that
       in raw mode, the interrupt, quit, suspend, and flow control  characters
       are  all  passed through uninterpreted, instead of generating a signal.
       The behavior of the BREAK key depends on other bits in the  tty  driver
       that are not set by <STRONG>curses</STRONG>.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-qiflush_noqiflush">qiflush/noqiflush</a></H3><PRE>
       When  the  <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>  routine is used, normal flush of input and output
       queues associated with the <STRONG>INTR</STRONG>, <STRONG>QUIT</STRONG> and <STRONG>SUSP</STRONG> characters will  not  be
       done  [see  <STRONG>termios(3)</STRONG>].   When  <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>  is called, the queues will be
       flushed when these control characters are read.  You may want  to  call
       <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>  in a signal handler if you want output to continue as though
       the interrupt had not occurred, after the handler exits.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-timeout_wtimeout">timeout/wtimeout</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>timeout</STRONG> and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG> routines set blocking or non-blocking read for
       a  given  window.   If  <EM>delay</EM> is negative, blocking read is used (i.e.,
       waits indefinitely for input).  If <EM>delay</EM>  is  zero,  then  non-blocking
       read is used (i.e., read returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if no input is waiting).  If <EM>delay</EM>
       is positive, then read blocks for <EM>delay</EM> milliseconds, and  returns  <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>
       if  there  is  still  no input.  Hence, these routines provide the same
       functionality as <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, plus the additional capability of being  able
       to block for only <EM>delay</EM> milliseconds (where <EM>delay</EM> is positive).


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-typeahead">typeahead</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>curses</STRONG> library does "line-breakout optimization" by looking for ty-
       peahead periodically while updating the screen.  If input is found, and
       it  is  coming  from  a  tty, the current update is postponed until <STRONG>re-</STRONG>
       <STRONG><A HREF="refresh.3x.html">fresh(3x)</A></STRONG> or <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG> is called again.  This allows faster response  to
       commands  typed in advance.  Normally, the input FILE pointer passed to
       <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>, or <STRONG>stdin</STRONG> in the case that <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> was used, will be used to do
       this typeahead checking.  The <STRONG>typeahead</STRONG> routine specifies that the file
       descriptor <EM>fd</EM> is to be used to check for typeahead instead.  If  <EM>fd</EM>  is
       -1, then no typeahead checking is done.


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
       All  routines  that  return  an  integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG>
       (SVr4 specifies only "an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful
       completion,  unless  otherwise  noted in the preceding routine descrip-
       tions.

       X/Open does not define any error conditions.  In  this  implementation,
       functions  with  a window parameter will return an error if it is null.
       Any function will also return an error if the terminal was not initial-
       ized.  Also,

              <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>
                   returns  an  error  if  its  parameter is outside the range
                   1..255.


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
       These functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue 4.

       The ncurses library obeys the XPG4 standard and the historical practice
       of  the  AT&amp;T  curses  implementations, in that the echo bit is cleared
       when curses initializes the terminal state.  BSD curses  differed  from
       this  slightly;  it left the echo bit on at initialization, but the BSD
       <STRONG>raw</STRONG> call turned it off as a side-effect.   For  best  portability,  set
       <STRONG>echo</STRONG>  or <STRONG>noecho</STRONG> explicitly just after initialization, even if your pro-
       gram remains in cooked mode.

       The XSI Curses standard is ambiguous on the  question  of  whether  <STRONG>raw</STRONG>
       should  disable  the  CRLF translations controlled by <STRONG>nl</STRONG> and <STRONG>nonl</STRONG>.  BSD
       curses did turn off these translations; AT&amp;T curses (at least  as  late
       as  SVr1)  did not.  We chose to do so, on the theory that a programmer
       requesting raw input wants a clean  (ideally  8-bit  clean)  connection
       that the operating system will not alter.

       When <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> is first enabled, ncurses loads the key-definitions for the
       current terminal description.  If the terminal description includes ex-
       tended string capabilities, e.g., from using the <STRONG>-x</STRONG> option of <STRONG>tic</STRONG>, then
       ncurses also defines keys for the capabilities whose names  begin  with
       "k".  The corresponding keycodes are generated and (depending on previ-
       ous loads of terminal descriptions) may differ from one execution of  a
       program to the next.  The generated keycodes are recognized by the <STRONG>key-</STRONG>
       <STRONG>name</STRONG> function (which will then return a name beginning with "k"  denot-
       ing  the terminfo capability name rather than "K", used for curses key-
       names).  On the other hand, an application can use <STRONG>define_key</STRONG> to estab-
       lish a specific keycode for a given string.  This makes it possible for
       an application to check for  an  extended  capability's  presence  with
       <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG>, and reassign the keycode to match its own needs.

       Low-level applications can use <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> to obtain the definition of any
       particular string capability.  Higher-level applications which use  the
       curses  <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>  and  similar functions to return keycodes rely upon the
       order in which the strings are loaded.  If more than one key definition
       has  the  same  string  value, then <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> can return only one keycode.
       Most curses implementations (including ncurses) load key definitions in
       the  order  defined  by the array of string capability names.  The last
       key to be loaded determines the keycode which  will  be  returned.   In
       ncurses,  you  may  also  have extended capabilities interpreted as key
       definitions.  These are loaded after the predefined keys, and if a  ca-
       pability's value is the same as a previously-loaded key definition, the
       later definition is the one used.


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
       Note that <STRONG>echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>, <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>meta</STRONG>, <STRONG>nl</STRONG>, <STRONG>nonl</STRONG>,  <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>,
       <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>timeout</STRONG>, and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG> may be macros.

       The  <STRONG>noraw</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> calls follow historical practice in that they
       attempt to restore to normal ("cooked") mode from raw and cbreak  modes
       respectively.   Mixing raw/noraw and cbreak/nocbreak calls leads to tty
       driver control states that are hard to predict or understand; it is not
       recommended.


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>,   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>,   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>,   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>,  <STRONG>de-</STRONG>
       <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">fine_key(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>termios(3)</STRONG>


                                                               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-cbreak_nocbreak">cbreak/nocbreak</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-echo_noecho">echo/noecho</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-halfdelay">halfdelay</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-intrflush">intrflush</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-keypad">keypad</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-meta">meta</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-nl_nonl">nl/nonl</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-nodelay">nodelay</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-notimeout">notimeout</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-raw_noraw">raw/noraw</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-qiflush_noqiflush">qiflush/noqiflush</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-timeout_wtimeout">timeout/wtimeout</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-typeahead">typeahead</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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