/**
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Google Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.inject;

import com.google.inject.internal.ImmutableList;
import com.google.inject.internal.MoreTypes;
import static com.google.inject.internal.MoreTypes.canonicalize;
import static com.google.inject.internal.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.inject.internal.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import com.google.inject.util.Types;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
import java.lang.reflect.Member;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
import java.lang.reflect.WildcardType;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Represents a generic type {@code T}. Java doesn't yet provide a way to
 * represent generic types, so this class does. Forces clients to create a
 * subclass of this class which enables retrieval the type information even at
 * runtime.
 *
 * <p>For example, to create a type literal for {@code List<String>}, you can
 * create an empty anonymous inner class:
 *
 * <p>
 * {@code TypeLiteral<List<String>> list = new TypeLiteral<List<String>>() {};}
 *
 * <p>This syntax cannot be used to create type literals that have wildcard
 * parameters, such as {@code Class<?>} or {@code List<? extends CharSequence>}.
 * Such type literals must be constructed programatically, either by {@link
 * Method#getGenericReturnType extracting types from members} or by using the
 * {@link Types} factory class.
 *
 * <p>Along with modeling generic types, this class can resolve type parameters.
 * For example, to figure out what type {@code keySet()} returns on a {@code
 * Map<Integer, String>}, use this code:<pre>   {@code
 *
 *   TypeLiteral<Map<Integer, String>> mapType
 *       = new TypeLiteral<Map<Integer, String>>() {};
 *   TypeLiteral<?> keySetType
 *       = mapType.getReturnType(Map.class.getMethod("keySet"));
 *   System.out.println(keySetType); // prints "Set<Integer>"}</pre>
 *
 * @author crazybob@google.com (Bob Lee)
 * @author jessewilson@google.com (Jesse Wilson)
 */
public class TypeLiteral<T> {

  final Class<? super T> rawType;
  final Type type;
  final int hashCode;

  /**
   * Constructs a new type literal. Derives represented class from type
   * parameter.
   *
   * <p>Clients create an empty anonymous subclass. Doing so embeds the type
   * parameter in the anonymous class's type hierarchy so we can reconstitute it
   * at runtime despite erasure.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  protected TypeLiteral() {
    this.type = getSuperclassTypeParameter(getClass());
    this.rawType = (Class<? super T>) MoreTypes.getRawType(type);
    this.hashCode = type.hashCode();
  }

  /**
   * Unsafe. Constructs a type literal manually.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  TypeLiteral(Type type) {
    this.type = canonicalize(checkNotNull(type, "type"));
    this.rawType = (Class<? super T>) MoreTypes.getRawType(this.type);
    this.hashCode = this.type.hashCode();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the type from super class's type parameter in {@link MoreTypes#canonicalize(Type)
   * canonical form}.
   */
  static Type getSuperclassTypeParameter(Class<?> subclass) {
    Type superclass = subclass.getGenericSuperclass();
    if (superclass instanceof Class) {
      throw new RuntimeException("Missing type parameter.");
    }
    ParameterizedType parameterized = (ParameterizedType) superclass;
    return canonicalize(parameterized.getActualTypeArguments()[0]);
  }

  /**
   * Gets type literal from super class's type parameter.
   */
  static TypeLiteral<?> fromSuperclassTypeParameter(Class<?> subclass) {
    return new TypeLiteral<Object>(getSuperclassTypeParameter(subclass));
  }

  /**
   * Returns the raw (non-generic) type for this type.
   * 
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public final Class<? super T> getRawType() {
    return rawType;
  }

  /**
   * Gets underlying {@code Type} instance.
   */
  public final Type getType() {
    return type;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the type of this type's provider.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  final TypeLiteral<Provider<T>> providerType() {
    // This cast is safe and wouldn't generate a warning if Type had a type
    // parameter.
    return (TypeLiteral<Provider<T>>) get(Types.providerOf(getType()));
  }

  @Override public final int hashCode() {
    return this.hashCode;
  }

  @Override public final boolean equals(Object o) {
    return o instanceof TypeLiteral<?>
        && MoreTypes.equals(type, ((TypeLiteral) o).type);
  }

  @Override public final String toString() {
    return MoreTypes.typeToString(type);
  }

  /**
   * Gets type literal for the given {@code Type} instance.
   */
  public static TypeLiteral<?> get(Type type) {
    return new TypeLiteral<Object>(type);
  }

  /**
   * Gets type literal for the given {@code Class} instance.
   */
  public static <T> TypeLiteral<T> get(Class<T> type) {
    return new TypeLiteral<T>(type);
  }


  /** Returns an immutable list of the resolved types. */
  private List<TypeLiteral<?>> resolveAll(Type[] types) {
    TypeLiteral<?>[] result = new TypeLiteral<?>[types.length];
    for (int t = 0; t < types.length; t++) {
      result[t] = resolve(types[t]);
    }
    return ImmutableList.of(result);
  }

  /**
   * Resolves known type parameters in {@code toResolve} and returns the result.
   */
  TypeLiteral<?> resolve(Type toResolve) {
    return TypeLiteral.get(resolveType(toResolve));
  }

  Type resolveType(Type toResolve) {
    // this implementation is made a little more complicated in an attempt to avoid object-creation
    while (true) {
      if (toResolve instanceof TypeVariable) {
        TypeVariable original = (TypeVariable) toResolve;
        toResolve = MoreTypes.resolveTypeVariable(type, rawType, original);
        if (toResolve == original) {
          return toResolve;
        }

      } else if (toResolve instanceof GenericArrayType) {
        GenericArrayType original = (GenericArrayType) toResolve;
        Type componentType = original.getGenericComponentType();
        Type newComponentType = resolveType(componentType);
        return componentType == newComponentType
            ? original
            : Types.arrayOf(newComponentType);

      } else if (toResolve instanceof ParameterizedType) {
        ParameterizedType original = (ParameterizedType) toResolve;
        Type ownerType = original.getOwnerType();
        Type newOwnerType = resolveType(ownerType);
        boolean changed = newOwnerType != ownerType;

        Type[] args = original.getActualTypeArguments();
        for (int t = 0, length = args.length; t < length; t++) {
          Type resolvedTypeArgument = resolveType(args[t]);
          if (resolvedTypeArgument != args[t]) {
            if (!changed) {
              args = args.clone();
              changed = true;
            }
            args[t] = resolvedTypeArgument;
          }
        }

        return changed
            ? Types.newParameterizedTypeWithOwner(newOwnerType, original.getRawType(), args)
            : original;

      } else if (toResolve instanceof WildcardType) {
        WildcardType original = (WildcardType) toResolve;
        Type[] originalLowerBound = original.getLowerBounds();
        Type[] originalUpperBound = original.getUpperBounds();

        if (originalLowerBound.length == 1) {
          Type lowerBound = resolveType(originalLowerBound[0]);
          if (lowerBound != originalLowerBound[0]) {
            return Types.supertypeOf(lowerBound);
          }
        } else if (originalUpperBound.length == 1) {
          Type upperBound = resolveType(originalUpperBound[0]);
          if (upperBound != originalUpperBound[0]) {
            return Types.subtypeOf(upperBound);
          }
        }
        return original;

      } else {
        return toResolve;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the generic form of {@code supertype}. For example, if this is {@code
   * ArrayList<String>}, this returns {@code Iterable<String>} given the input {@code
   * Iterable.class}.
   *
   * @param supertype a superclass of, or interface implemented by, this.
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public TypeLiteral<?> getSupertype(Class<?> supertype) {
    checkArgument(supertype.isAssignableFrom(rawType),
        "%s is not a supertype of %s", supertype, this.type);
    return resolve(MoreTypes.getGenericSupertype(type, rawType, supertype));
  }

  /**
   * Returns the resolved generic type of {@code field}.
   *
   * @param field a field defined by this or any superclass.
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public TypeLiteral<?> getFieldType(Field field) {
    checkArgument(field.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(rawType),
        "%s is not defined by a supertype of %s", field, type);
    return resolve(field.getGenericType());
  }

  /**
   * Returns the resolved generic parameter types of {@code methodOrConstructor}.
   *
   * @param methodOrConstructor a method or constructor defined by this or any supertype.
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public List<TypeLiteral<?>> getParameterTypes(Member methodOrConstructor) {
    Type[] genericParameterTypes;

    if (methodOrConstructor instanceof Method) {
      Method method = (Method) methodOrConstructor;
      checkArgument(method.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(rawType),
          "%s is not defined by a supertype of %s", method, type);
      genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();

    } else if (methodOrConstructor instanceof Constructor) {
      Constructor<?> constructor = (Constructor<?>) methodOrConstructor;
      checkArgument(constructor.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(rawType),
          "%s does not construct a supertype of %s", constructor, type);
      genericParameterTypes = constructor.getGenericParameterTypes();

    } else {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a method or a constructor: " + methodOrConstructor);
    }

    return resolveAll(genericParameterTypes);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the resolved generic exception types thrown by {@code constructor}.
   *
   * @param methodOrConstructor a method or constructor defined by this or any supertype.
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public List<TypeLiteral<?>> getExceptionTypes(Member methodOrConstructor) {
    Type[] genericExceptionTypes;

    if (methodOrConstructor instanceof Method) {
      Method method = (Method) methodOrConstructor;
      checkArgument(method.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(rawType),
          "%s is not defined by a supertype of %s", method, type);
      genericExceptionTypes = method.getGenericExceptionTypes();

    } else if (methodOrConstructor instanceof Constructor) {
      Constructor<?> constructor = (Constructor<?>) methodOrConstructor;
      checkArgument(constructor.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(rawType),
          "%s does not construct a supertype of %s", constructor, type);
      genericExceptionTypes = constructor.getGenericExceptionTypes();

    } else {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a method or a constructor: " + methodOrConstructor);
    }

    return resolveAll(genericExceptionTypes);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the resolved generic return type of {@code method}.
   *
   * @param method a method defined by this or any supertype.
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public TypeLiteral<?> getReturnType(Method method) {
    checkArgument(method.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(rawType),
        "%s is not defined by a supertype of %s", method, type);
    return resolve(method.getGenericReturnType());
  }
}