The keywords “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
Compression is used to reduce the amount of bandwidth used between peers. The compression supported by gRPC acts at the individual message level, taking message as defined in the wire format document.
The implementation supports different compression algorithms. A default compression level, to be used in the absence of message-specific settings, MAY be specified for during channel creation.
The ability to control compression settings per call and to enable/disable compression on a per message basis MAY be used to prevent CRIME/BEAST attacks. It also allows for asymmetric compression communication, whereby a response MAY be compressed differently, if at all.
Compression MAY be configured by the Client Application by calling the appropriate API method. There are two scenarios where compression MAY be configured:
A gRPC peer MAY choose to respond using a different compression method to that of the request, including not performing any compression, regardless of channel and RPC settings (for example, if compression would result in small or negative gains).
When a message from a client compressed with an unsupported algorithm is processed by a server, it WILL result in an UNIMPLEMENTED error status on the server. The server will then include in its response a grpc-accept-encoding header specifying the algorithms it does accept. If an UNIMPLEMENTED error status is returned from the server despite having used one of the algorithms from the grpc-accept-encoding header, the cause MUST NOT be related to compression. Data sent from a server compressed with an algorithm not supported by the client WILL result in an INTERNAL error status on the client side.
Note that a peer MAY choose to not disclose all the encodings it supports. However, if it receives a message compressed in an undisclosed but supported encoding, it MUST include said encoding in the response's grpc-accept-encoding header.
For every message a server is requested to compress using an algorithm it knows the client doesn't support (as indicated by the last grpc-accept-encoding header received from the client), it SHALL send the message uncompressed.
If the user (through the previously described mechanisms) requests to disable compression the next message MUST be sent uncompressed. This is instrumental in preventing BEAST/CRIME attacks. This applies to both the unary and streaming cases.
The set of supported algorithm is implementation dependent. In order to simplify the public API and to operate seamlessly across implementations (both in terms of languages but also different version of the same one), we introduce the idea of compression levels (such as “low”, “medium”, “high”).
Levels map to concrete algorithms and/or their settings (such as “low” mapping to “gzip -3” and “high” mapping to “gzip -9”) automatically depending on what a peer is known to support. A server is always aware of what its clients support, as clients disclose it in their Message-Accept-Encoding header as part of their initial call. A client doesn‘t a priori (presently) know which algorithms a server supports. This issue can be addressed with an initial negotiation of capabilities or an automatic retry mechanism. These features will be implemented in the future. Currently however, compression levels are only supported at the server side, which is aware of the client’s capabilities through the incoming Message-Accept-Encoding header.
The inheritance of the compression configuration by child RPCs is left up to the implementation. Note that in the absence of changes to the parent channel, its configuration will be used.
UNIMPLEMENTED, its associated description indicating the unsupported condition as well as the supported ones. The returned grpc-accept-encoding header MUST NOT contain the compression method (encoding) used.INTERNAL, its associated description indicating the unsupported condition as well as the supported ones. The returned grpc-accept-encoding header MUST NOT contain the compression method (encoding) used.INTERNAL status, its associated description indicating the invalid Compressed-Flag condition.