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// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef SQL_CONNECTION_H_
#define SQL_CONNECTION_H_
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "base/basictypes.h"
#include "base/callback.h"
#include "base/compiler_specific.h"
#include "base/memory/ref_counted.h"
#include "base/memory/scoped_ptr.h"
#include "base/threading/thread_restrictions.h"
#include "base/time/time.h"
#include "sql/sql_export.h"
struct sqlite3;
struct sqlite3_stmt;
namespace base {
class FilePath;
}
namespace sql {
class Recovery;
class Statement;
// Uniquely identifies a statement. There are two modes of operation:
//
// - In the most common mode, you will use the source file and line number to
// identify your statement. This is a convienient way to get uniqueness for
// a statement that is only used in one place. Use the SQL_FROM_HERE macro
// to generate a StatementID.
//
// - In the "custom" mode you may use the statement from different places or
// need to manage it yourself for whatever reason. In this case, you should
// make up your own unique name and pass it to the StatementID. This name
// must be a static string, since this object only deals with pointers and
// assumes the underlying string doesn't change or get deleted.
//
// This object is copyable and assignable using the compiler-generated
// operator= and copy constructor.
class StatementID {
public:
// Creates a uniquely named statement with the given file ane line number.
// Normally you will use SQL_FROM_HERE instead of calling yourself.
StatementID(const char* file, int line)
: number_(line),
str_(file) {
}
// Creates a uniquely named statement with the given user-defined name.
explicit StatementID(const char* unique_name)
: number_(-1),
str_(unique_name) {
}
// This constructor is unimplemented and will generate a linker error if
// called. It is intended to try to catch people dynamically generating
// a statement name that will be deallocated and will cause a crash later.
// All strings must be static and unchanging!
explicit StatementID(const std::string& dont_ever_do_this);
// We need this to insert into our map.
bool operator<(const StatementID& other) const;
private:
int number_;
const char* str_;
};
#define SQL_FROM_HERE sql::StatementID(__FILE__, __LINE__)
class Connection;
class SQL_EXPORT Connection {
private:
class StatementRef; // Forward declaration, see real one below.
public:
// The database is opened by calling Open[InMemory](). Any uncommitted
// transactions will be rolled back when this object is deleted.
Connection();
~Connection();
// Pre-init configuration ----------------------------------------------------
// Sets the page size that will be used when creating a new database. This
// must be called before Init(), and will only have an effect on new
// databases.
//
// From sqlite.org: "The page size must be a power of two greater than or
// equal to 512 and less than or equal to SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE. The maximum
// value for SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE is 32768."
void set_page_size(int page_size) { page_size_ = page_size; }
// Sets the number of pages that will be cached in memory by sqlite. The
// total cache size in bytes will be page_size * cache_size. This must be
// called before Open() to have an effect.
void set_cache_size(int cache_size) { cache_size_ = cache_size; }
// Call to put the database in exclusive locking mode. There is no "back to
// normal" flag because of some additional requirements sqlite puts on this
// transaction (requires another access to the DB) and because we don't
// actually need it.
//
// Exclusive mode means that the database is not unlocked at the end of each
// transaction, which means there may be less time spent initializing the
// next transaction because it doesn't have to re-aquire locks.
//
// This must be called before Open() to have an effect.
void set_exclusive_locking() { exclusive_locking_ = true; }
// Call to cause Open() to restrict access permissions of the
// database file to only the owner.
// TODO(shess): Currently only supported on OS_POSIX, is a noop on
// other platforms.
void set_restrict_to_user() { restrict_to_user_ = true; }
// Set an error-handling callback. On errors, the error number (and
// statement, if available) will be passed to the callback.
//
// If no callback is set, the default action is to crash in debug
// mode or return failure in release mode.
typedef base::Callback<void(int, Statement*)> ErrorCallback;
void set_error_callback(const ErrorCallback& callback) {
error_callback_ = callback;
}
bool has_error_callback() const {
return !error_callback_.is_null();
}
void reset_error_callback() {
error_callback_.Reset();
}
// Set this tag to enable additional connection-type histogramming
// for SQLite error codes and database version numbers.
void set_histogram_tag(const std::string& tag) {
histogram_tag_ = tag;
}
// Record a sparse UMA histogram sample under
// |name|+"."+|histogram_tag_|. If |histogram_tag_| is empty, no
// histogram is recorded.
void AddTaggedHistogram(const std::string& name, size_t sample) const;
// Run "PRAGMA integrity_check" and post each line of
// results into |messages|. Returns the success of running the
// statement - per the SQLite documentation, if no errors are found the
// call should succeed, and a single value "ok" should be in messages.
bool FullIntegrityCheck(std::vector<std::string>* messages);
// Runs "PRAGMA quick_check" and, unlike the FullIntegrityCheck method,
// interprets the results returning true if the the statement executes
// without error and results in a single "ok" value.
bool QuickIntegrityCheck() WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
// Initialization ------------------------------------------------------------
// Initializes the SQL connection for the given file, returning true if the
// file could be opened. You can call this or OpenInMemory.
bool Open(const base::FilePath& path) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
// Initializes the SQL connection for a temporary in-memory database. There
// will be no associated file on disk, and the initial database will be
// empty. You can call this or Open.
bool OpenInMemory() WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
// Create a temporary on-disk database. The database will be
// deleted after close. This kind of database is similar to
// OpenInMemory() for small databases, but can page to disk if the
// database becomes large.
bool OpenTemporary() WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
// Returns true if the database has been successfully opened.
bool is_open() const { return !!db_; }
// Closes the database. This is automatically performed on destruction for
// you, but this allows you to close the database early. You must not call
// any other functions after closing it. It is permissable to call Close on
// an uninitialized or already-closed database.
void Close();
// Reads the first <cache-size>*<page-size> bytes of the file to prime the
// filesystem cache. This can be more efficient than faulting pages
// individually. Since this involves blocking I/O, it should only be used if
// the caller will immediately read a substantial amount of data from the
// database.
//
// TODO(shess): Design a set of histograms or an experiment to inform this
// decision. Preloading should almost always improve later performance
// numbers for this database simply because it pulls operations forward, but
// if the data isn't actually used soon then preloading just slows down
// everything else.
void Preload();
// Try to trim the cache memory used by the database. If |aggressively| is
// true, this function will try to free all of the cache memory it can. If
// |aggressively| is false, this function will try to cut cache memory
// usage by half.
void TrimMemory(bool aggressively);
// Raze the database to the ground. This approximates creating a
// fresh database from scratch, within the constraints of SQLite's
// locking protocol (locks and open handles can make doing this with
// filesystem operations problematic). Returns true if the database
// was razed.
//
// false is returned if the database is locked by some other
// process. RazeWithTimeout() may be used if appropriate.
//
// NOTE(shess): Raze() will DCHECK in the following situations:
// - database is not open.
// - the connection has a transaction open.
// - a SQLite issue occurs which is structural in nature (like the
// statements used are broken).
// Since Raze() is expected to be called in unexpected situations,
// these all return false, since it is unlikely that the caller
// could fix them.
//
// The database's page size is taken from |page_size_|. The
// existing database's |auto_vacuum| setting is lost (the
// possibility of corruption makes it unreliable to pull it from the
// existing database). To re-enable on the empty database requires
// running "PRAGMA auto_vacuum = 1;" then "VACUUM".
//
// NOTE(shess): For Android, SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM is set to 1,
// so Raze() sets auto_vacuum to 1.
//
// TODO(shess): Raze() needs a connection so cannot clear SQLITE_NOTADB.
// TODO(shess): Bake auto_vacuum into Connection's API so it can
// just pick up the default.
bool Raze();
bool RazeWithTimout(base::TimeDelta timeout);
// Breaks all outstanding transactions (as initiated by
// BeginTransaction()), closes the SQLite database, and poisons the
// object so that all future operations against the Connection (or
// its Statements) fail safely, without side effects.
//
// This is intended as an alternative to Close() in error callbacks.
// Close() should still be called at some point.
void Poison();
// Raze() the database and Poison() the handle. Returns the return
// value from Raze().
// TODO(shess): Rename to RazeAndPoison().
bool RazeAndClose();
// Delete the underlying database files associated with |path|.
// This should be used on a database which has no existing
// connections. If any other connections are open to the same
// database, this could cause odd results or corruption (for
// instance if a hot journal is deleted but the associated database
// is not).
//
// Returns true if the database file and associated journals no
// longer exist, false otherwise. If the database has never
// existed, this will return true.
static bool Delete(const base::FilePath& path);
// Transactions --------------------------------------------------------------
// Transaction management. We maintain a virtual transaction stack to emulate
// nested transactions since sqlite can't do nested transactions. The
// limitation is you can't roll back a sub transaction: if any transaction
// fails, all transactions open will also be rolled back. Any nested
// transactions after one has rolled back will return fail for Begin(). If
// Begin() fails, you must not call Commit or Rollback().
//
// Normally you should use sql::Transaction to manage a transaction, which
// will scope it to a C++ context.
bool BeginTransaction();
void RollbackTransaction();
bool CommitTransaction();
// Rollback all outstanding transactions. Use with care, there may
// be scoped transactions on the stack.
void RollbackAllTransactions();
// Returns the current transaction nesting, which will be 0 if there are
// no open transactions.
int transaction_nesting() const { return transaction_nesting_; }
// Attached databases---------------------------------------------------------
// SQLite supports attaching multiple database files to a single
// handle. Attach the database in |other_db_path| to the current
// handle under |attachment_point|. |attachment_point| should only
// contain characters from [a-zA-Z0-9_].
//
// Note that calling attach or detach with an open transaction is an
// error.
bool AttachDatabase(const base::FilePath& other_db_path,
const char* attachment_point);
bool DetachDatabase(const char* attachment_point);
// Statements ----------------------------------------------------------------
// Executes the given SQL string, returning true on success. This is
// normally used for simple, 1-off statements that don't take any bound
// parameters and don't return any data (e.g. CREATE TABLE).
//
// This will DCHECK if the |sql| contains errors.
//
// Do not use ignore_result() to ignore all errors. Use
// ExecuteAndReturnErrorCode() and ignore only specific errors.
bool Execute(const char* sql) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
// Like Execute(), but returns the error code given by SQLite.
int ExecuteAndReturnErrorCode(const char* sql) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
// Returns true if we have a statement with the given identifier already
// cached. This is normally not necessary to call, but can be useful if the
// caller has to dynamically build up SQL to avoid doing so if it's already
// cached.
bool HasCachedStatement(const StatementID& id) const;
// Returns a statement for the given SQL using the statement cache. It can
// take a nontrivial amount of work to parse and compile a statement, so
// keeping commonly-used ones around for future use is important for
// performance.
//
// If the |sql| has an error, an invalid, inert StatementRef is returned (and
// the code will crash in debug). The caller must deal with this eventuality,
// either by checking validity of the |sql| before calling, by correctly
// handling the return of an inert statement, or both.
//
// The StatementID and the SQL must always correspond to one-another. The
// ID is the lookup into the cache, so crazy things will happen if you use
// different SQL with the same ID.
//
// You will normally use the SQL_FROM_HERE macro to generate a statement
// ID associated with the current line of code. This gives uniqueness without
// you having to manage unique names. See StatementID above for more.
//
// Example:
// sql::Statement stmt(connection_.GetCachedStatement(
// SQL_FROM_HERE, "SELECT * FROM foo"));
// if (!stmt)
// return false; // Error creating statement.
scoped_refptr<StatementRef> GetCachedStatement(const StatementID& id,
const char* sql);
// Used to check a |sql| statement for syntactic validity. If the statement is
// valid SQL, returns true.
bool IsSQLValid(const char* sql);
// Returns a non-cached statement for the given SQL. Use this for SQL that
// is only executed once or only rarely (there is overhead associated with
// keeping a statement cached).
//
// See GetCachedStatement above for examples and error information.
scoped_refptr<StatementRef> GetUniqueStatement(const char* sql);
// Info querying -------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns true if the given table exists.
bool DoesTableExist(const char* table_name) const;
// Returns true if the given index exists.
bool DoesIndexExist(const char* index_name) const;
// Returns true if a column with the given name exists in the given table.
bool DoesColumnExist(const char* table_name, const char* column_name) const;
// Returns sqlite's internal ID for the last inserted row. Valid only
// immediately after an insert.
int64 GetLastInsertRowId() const;
// Returns sqlite's count of the number of rows modified by the last
// statement executed. Will be 0 if no statement has executed or the database
// is closed.
int GetLastChangeCount() const;
// Errors --------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns the error code associated with the last sqlite operation.
int GetErrorCode() const;
// Returns the errno associated with GetErrorCode(). See
// SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO in SQLite documentation.
int GetLastErrno() const;
// Returns a pointer to a statically allocated string associated with the
// last sqlite operation.
const char* GetErrorMessage() const;
// Return a reproducible representation of the schema equivalent to
// running the following statement at a sqlite3 command-line:
// SELECT type, name, tbl_name, sql FROM sqlite_master ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
std::string GetSchema() const;
// Clients which provide an error_callback don't see the
// error-handling at the end of OnSqliteError(). Expose to allow
// those clients to work appropriately with ScopedErrorIgnorer in
// tests.
static bool ShouldIgnoreSqliteError(int error);
private:
// For recovery module.
friend class Recovery;
// Allow test-support code to set/reset error ignorer.
friend class ScopedErrorIgnorer;
// Statement accesses StatementRef which we don't want to expose to everybody
// (they should go through Statement).
friend class Statement;
// Internal initialize function used by both Init and InitInMemory. The file
// name is always 8 bits since we want to use the 8-bit version of
// sqlite3_open. The string can also be sqlite's special ":memory:" string.
//
// |retry_flag| controls retrying the open if the error callback
// addressed errors using RazeAndClose().
enum Retry {
NO_RETRY = 0,
RETRY_ON_POISON
};
bool OpenInternal(const std::string& file_name, Retry retry_flag);
// Internal close function used by Close() and RazeAndClose().
// |forced| indicates that orderly-shutdown checks should not apply.
void CloseInternal(bool forced);
// Check whether the current thread is allowed to make IO calls, but only
// if database wasn't open in memory. Function is inlined to be a no-op in
// official build.
void AssertIOAllowed() {
if (!in_memory_)
base::ThreadRestrictions::AssertIOAllowed();
}
// Internal helper for DoesTableExist and DoesIndexExist.
bool DoesTableOrIndexExist(const char* name, const char* type) const;
// Accessors for global error-ignorer, for injecting behavior during tests.
// See test/scoped_error_ignorer.h.
typedef base::Callback<bool(int)> ErrorIgnorerCallback;
static ErrorIgnorerCallback* current_ignorer_cb_;
static void SetErrorIgnorer(ErrorIgnorerCallback* ignorer);
static void ResetErrorIgnorer();
// A StatementRef is a refcounted wrapper around a sqlite statement pointer.
// Refcounting allows us to give these statements out to sql::Statement
// objects while also optionally maintaining a cache of compiled statements
// by just keeping a refptr to these objects.
//
// A statement ref can be valid, in which case it can be used, or invalid to
// indicate that the statement hasn't been created yet, has an error, or has
// been destroyed.
//
// The Connection may revoke a StatementRef in some error cases, so callers
// should always check validity before using.
class SQL_EXPORT StatementRef : public base::RefCounted<StatementRef> {
public:
// |connection| is the sql::Connection instance associated with
// the statement, and is used for tracking outstanding statements
// and for error handling. Set to NULL for invalid or untracked
// refs. |stmt| is the actual statement, and should only be NULL
// to create an invalid ref. |was_valid| indicates whether the
// statement should be considered valid for diagnistic purposes.
// |was_valid| can be true for NULL |stmt| if the connection has
// been forcibly closed by an error handler.
StatementRef(Connection* connection, sqlite3_stmt* stmt, bool was_valid);
// When true, the statement can be used.
bool is_valid() const { return !!stmt_; }
// When true, the statement is either currently valid, or was
// previously valid but the connection was forcibly closed. Used
// for diagnostic checks.
bool was_valid() const { return was_valid_; }
// If we've not been linked to a connection, this will be NULL.
// TODO(shess): connection_ can be NULL in case of GetUntrackedStatement(),
// which prevents Statement::OnError() from forwarding errors.
Connection* connection() const { return connection_; }
// Returns the sqlite statement if any. If the statement is not active,
// this will return NULL.
sqlite3_stmt* stmt() const { return stmt_; }
// Destroys the compiled statement and marks it NULL. The statement will
// no longer be active. |forced| is used to indicate if orderly-shutdown
// checks should apply (see Connection::RazeAndClose()).
void Close(bool forced);
// Check whether the current thread is allowed to make IO calls, but only
// if database wasn't open in memory.
void AssertIOAllowed() { if (connection_) connection_->AssertIOAllowed(); }
private:
friend class base::RefCounted<StatementRef>;
~StatementRef();
Connection* connection_;
sqlite3_stmt* stmt_;
bool was_valid_;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(StatementRef);
};
friend class StatementRef;
// Executes a rollback statement, ignoring all transaction state. Used
// internally in the transaction management code.
void DoRollback();
// Called by a StatementRef when it's being created or destroyed. See
// open_statements_ below.
void StatementRefCreated(StatementRef* ref);
void StatementRefDeleted(StatementRef* ref);
// Called when a sqlite function returns an error, which is passed
// as |err|. The return value is the error code to be reflected
// back to client code. |stmt| is non-NULL if the error relates to
// an sql::Statement instance. |sql| is non-NULL if the error
// relates to non-statement sql code (Execute, for instance). Both
// can be NULL, but both should never be set.
// NOTE(shess): Originally, the return value was intended to allow
// error handlers to transparently convert errors into success.
// Unfortunately, transactions are not generally restartable, so
// this did not work out.
int OnSqliteError(int err, Statement* stmt, const char* sql);
// Like |Execute()|, but retries if the database is locked.
bool ExecuteWithTimeout(const char* sql, base::TimeDelta ms_timeout)
WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
// Internal helper for const functions. Like GetUniqueStatement(),
// except the statement is not entered into open_statements_,
// allowing this function to be const. Open statements can block
// closing the database, so only use in cases where the last ref is
// released before close could be called (which should always be the
// case for const functions).
scoped_refptr<StatementRef> GetUntrackedStatement(const char* sql) const;
bool IntegrityCheckHelper(
const char* pragma_sql,
std::vector<std::string>* messages) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
// The actual sqlite database. Will be NULL before Init has been called or if
// Init resulted in an error.
sqlite3* db_;
// Parameters we'll configure in sqlite before doing anything else. Zero means
// use the default value.
int page_size_;
int cache_size_;
bool exclusive_locking_;
bool restrict_to_user_;
// All cached statements. Keeping a reference to these statements means that
// they'll remain active.
typedef std::map<StatementID, scoped_refptr<StatementRef> >
CachedStatementMap;
CachedStatementMap statement_cache_;
// A list of all StatementRefs we've given out. Each ref must register with
// us when it's created or destroyed. This allows us to potentially close
// any open statements when we encounter an error.
typedef std::set<StatementRef*> StatementRefSet;
StatementRefSet open_statements_;
// Number of currently-nested transactions.
int transaction_nesting_;
// True if any of the currently nested transactions have been rolled back.
// When we get to the outermost transaction, this will determine if we do
// a rollback instead of a commit.
bool needs_rollback_;
// True if database is open with OpenInMemory(), False if database is open
// with Open().
bool in_memory_;
// |true| if the connection was closed using RazeAndClose(). Used
// to enable diagnostics to distinguish calls to never-opened
// databases (incorrect use of the API) from calls to once-valid
// databases.
bool poisoned_;
ErrorCallback error_callback_;
// Tag for auxiliary histograms.
std::string histogram_tag_;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Connection);
};
} // namespace sql
#endif // SQL_CONNECTION_H_