page.title=Audio Loopback Dongle
@jd:body

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    <h2>In this document</h2>
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<p>
The diagram and photo below show an audio loopback
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongle">dongle</a>
for the
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_connector_(audio)">headset connector</a>
that we call the "Dr. Rick O'Rang audio loopback dongle."
The Chrome hardware team designed this circuit and plug for functional testing;
however it has many other uses too.  The Android audio team uses it to measure
<a href="latency_measure.html#measuringRoundTrip">round-trip audio latency</a>,
via the Larsen effect (feedback loop).
</p>

<h2 id="loopbackCircuit">Circuit</h2>

<img src="images/loopback_circuit.png" alt="circuit" id="figure1" />
<p class="img-caption">
  <strong>Figure 1.</strong> circuit diagram
</p>

<p>
To ensure that the output signal will not overload the microphone input,
we cut it down by about 20dB.
The resistor loads tell the microphone polarity switch that
the audio loopback dongle is a US/CTIA pinout Tip Ring Ring Shield (TRRS) plug.
</p>

<h2 id="loopbackAssembled">Assembled</h2>

<img src="images/loopback_assembled.jpg" alt="fully assembled" id="figure2" />
<p class="img-caption">
  <strong>Figure 2.</strong> Assembled
</p>