Snapshot 1319ed83a94fd506e54a43d6cef8b6bb2295c525

Change-Id: Ifeff1cc0867b7a1459e6d83cb354883f134fda74
diff --git a/Android.mk b/Android.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adde173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Android.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
+
+subdirs := $(addprefix $(LOCAL_PATH)/,$(addsuffix /Android.mk, \
+		libdex \
+		vm \
+		dalvikvm \
+		dexgen \
+		dexlist \
+		dexopt \
+		dexdump \
+		dx \
+		tools \
+		unit-tests \
+	))
+
+include $(subdirs)
+
+
+.PHONY: dex dex-debug
+ifeq ($(DONT_INSTALL_DEX_FILES),true)
+dex:
+	@echo "Forcing a remake with DONT_INSTALL_DEX_FILES=false"
+	$(hide) $(MAKE) DONT_INSTALL_DEX_FILES=false
+else
+# DONT_INSTALL_DEX_FILES is already false, so a normal make takes care of it.
+dex: $(DEFAULT_GOAL)
+endif
+
+d :=
+ifneq ($(GENERATE_DEX_DEBUG),)
+d := debug
+endif
+ifneq ($(DONT_INSTALL_DEX_FILES),true)
+d := $(d)-install
+endif
+ifneq ($(d),debug-install)
+# generate the debug .dex files, with a copy in ./dalvik/DEBUG-FILES.
+# We need to rebuild the .dex files for the debug output to be generated.
+# The "touch -c $(DX)" is a hack that we know will force
+# a rebuild of the .dex files.  If $(DX) doesn't exist yet,
+# we won't touch it (-c) and the normal build will create
+# the .dex files naturally.
+dex-debug:
+	@echo "Forcing an app rebuild with GENERATE_DEX_DEBUG=true"
+	@touch -c $(DX)
+	$(hide) $(MAKE) DONT_INSTALL_DEX_FILES=false GENERATE_DEX_DEBUG=true
+else
+# GENERATE_DEX_DEBUG and DONT_INSTALL_DEX_FILES are already set properly,
+# so a normal make takes care of it.
+dex-debug: $(DEFAULT_GOAL)
+endif
diff --git a/CleanSpec.mk b/CleanSpec.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fbdc64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CleanSpec.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# If you don't need to do a full clean build but would like to touch
+# a file or delete some intermediate files, add a clean step to the end
+# of the list.  These steps will only be run once, if they haven't been
+# run before.
+#
+# E.g.:
+#     $(call add-clean-step, touch -c external/sqlite/sqlite3.h)
+#     $(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT)/obj/STATIC_LIBRARIES/libz_intermediates)
+#
+# Always use "touch -c" and "rm -f" or "rm -rf" to gracefully deal with
+# files that are missing or have been moved.
+#
+# Use $(PRODUCT_OUT) to get to the "out/target/product/blah/" directory.
+# Use $(OUT) to refer to the "out" directory.
+#
+# If you need to re-do something that's already mentioned, just copy
+# the command and add it to the bottom of the list.  E.g., if a change
+# that you made last week required touching a file and a change you
+# made today requires touching the same file, just copy the old
+# touch step and add it to the end of the list.
+#
+# ************************************************
+# NEWER CLEAN STEPS MUST BE AT THE END OF THE LIST
+# ************************************************
+
+# For example:
+#$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT)/target/common/obj/APPS/AndroidTests_intermediates)
+#$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT)/target/common/obj/JAVA_LIBRARIES/core_intermediates)
+#$(call add-clean-step, find $(OUT) -type f -name "IGTalkSession*" -print0 | xargs -0 rm -f)
+#$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/data/*)
+#$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT)/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/libdvm*)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT)/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/libdvm*)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT)/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/libdvm*)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT)/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/libdvm*)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT)/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/libdvm*)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT)/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/libdvm*)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT)/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/libdvm*)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(OUT)/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/libdvm*)
+# ************************************************
+# NEWER CLEAN STEPS MUST BE AT THE END OF THE LIST
+# ************************************************
diff --git a/MODULE_LICENSE_APACHE2 b/MODULE_LICENSE_APACHE2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MODULE_LICENSE_APACHE2
diff --git a/NOTICE b/NOTICE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4760004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/NOTICE
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+   =========================================================================
+   ==  NOTICE file corresponding to the section 4 d of                    ==
+   ==  the Apache License, Version 2.0,                                   ==
+   ==  in this case for the Android-specific code.                        ==
+   =========================================================================
+
+   Copyright (c) 2005-2008, The Android Open Source Project
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   =========================================================================
+   ==  NOTICE file for the x86 JIT libenc subdirectory.                   ==
+   =========================================================================
+
+Apache Harmony
+Copyright 2006, 2010 The Apache Software Foundation.
+
+This product includes software developed at
+The Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/).
+
+Portions of Harmony were originally developed by
+Intel Corporation and are licensed to the Apache Software
+Foundation under the "Software Grant and Corporate Contribution
+License Agreement" and for which the following copyright notices
+apply
+         (C) Copyright 2005 Intel Corporation
+         (C) Copyright 2005-2006 Intel Corporation
+         (C) Copyright 2006 Intel Corporation
+
+Portions of the Apache Portable Runtime used by DRLVM were
+developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications
+(NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
+
+This software contains code derived from the RSA Data Security
+Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm.
+
+This software contains code derived from UNIX V7, Copyright(C)
+Caldera International Inc.
diff --git a/README.txt b/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2969180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+This directory contains the Dalvik virtual machine and core class library,
+as well as related tools, libraries, and tests.
+
+A note about the licenses and header comments
+---------------------------------------------
+
+Much of the code under this directory originally came from the Apache
+Harmony project, and as such contains the standard Apache header
+comment. Some of the code was written originally for the Android
+project, and as such contains the standard Android header comment.
+Some files contain code from both projects. In these cases, the header
+comment is a combination of the other two, and the portions of the
+code from Harmony are identified as indicated in the comment.
+
+Here is the combined header comment:
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) <year> The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * ----------
+ *
+ * Portions of the code surrounded by "// BEGIN Harmony code" and
+ * "// END Harmony code" are copyrighted and licensed separately, as
+ * follows:
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+Native SH call bridge
+---------------------
+
+Native SH call bridge is written by
+Shin-ichiro KAWASAKI <shinichiro.kawasaki.mg@hitachi.com>
+and Contributed to Android by Hitachi, Ltd. and Renesas Solutions Corp.
diff --git a/dalvikvm/Android.mk b/dalvikvm/Android.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..734f6f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dalvikvm/Android.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
+
+#
+# Common definitions.
+#
+
+dalvikvm_src_files := \
+    Main.cpp
+
+dalvikvm_c_includes := \
+    $(JNI_H_INCLUDE) \
+    dalvik/include
+
+
+#
+# Build for the target (device).
+#
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(dalvikvm_src_files)
+LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(dalvikvm_c_includes)
+
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
+    libdvm \
+    libssl \
+    libz
+
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
+LOCAL_MODULE := dalvikvm
+
+include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
+
+
+#
+# Build for the host.
+#
+
+ifeq ($(WITH_HOST_DALVIK),true)
+
+    include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+    LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(dalvikvm_src_files)
+    LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(dalvikvm_c_includes)
+
+    ifeq ($(HOST_OS)-$(HOST_ARCH),darwin-x86)
+        # OS X comes with all these libraries, so there is no need
+        # to build any of them. Note: OpenSSL consists of libssl
+        # and libcrypto.
+        LOCAL_LDLIBS := -lffi -lssl -lcrypto -lz
+    else
+        LOCAL_LDLIBS += -ldl -lpthread
+        LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += libdvm libcrypto libicuuc libicui18n libssl
+    endif
+
+    LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
+    LOCAL_MODULE := dalvikvm
+
+    include $(BUILD_HOST_EXECUTABLE)
+
+endif
diff --git a/dalvikvm/Main.cpp b/dalvikvm/Main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4aa6e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dalvikvm/Main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+/*
+ * Command-line invocation of the Dalvik VM.
+ */
+#include "jni.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+
+/*
+ * We want failed write() calls to just return with an error.
+ */
+static void blockSigpipe()
+{
+    sigset_t mask;
+
+    sigemptyset(&mask);
+    sigaddset(&mask, SIGPIPE);
+    if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) != 0)
+        fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: SIGPIPE not blocked\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a String[] and populate it with the contents of argv.
+ */
+static jobjectArray createStringArray(JNIEnv* env, char* const argv[], int argc)
+{
+    jclass stringClass = NULL;
+    jobjectArray strArray = NULL;
+    jobjectArray result = NULL;
+    int i;
+
+    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
+    if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Got exception while finding class String\n");
+        goto bail;
+    }
+    assert(stringClass != NULL);
+    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(argc, stringClass, NULL);
+    if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Got exception while creating String array\n");
+        goto bail;
+    }
+    assert(strArray != NULL);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        jstring argStr;
+
+        argStr = env->NewStringUTF(argv[i]);
+        if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Got exception while allocating Strings\n");
+            goto bail;
+        }
+        assert(argStr != NULL);
+        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr);
+        env->DeleteLocalRef(argStr);
+    }
+
+    /* return the array, and ensure we don't delete the local ref to it */
+    result = strArray;
+    strArray = NULL;
+
+bail:
+    env->DeleteLocalRef(stringClass);
+    env->DeleteLocalRef(strArray);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Determine whether or not the specified method is public.
+ *
+ * Returns JNI_TRUE on success, JNI_FALSE on failure.
+ */
+static int methodIsPublic(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jmethodID methodId)
+{
+    static const int PUBLIC = 0x0001;   // java.lang.reflect.Modifiers.PUBLIC
+    jobject refMethod = NULL;
+    jclass methodClass = NULL;
+    jmethodID getModifiersId;
+    int modifiers;
+    int result = JNI_FALSE;
+
+    refMethod = env->ToReflectedMethod(clazz, methodId, JNI_FALSE);
+    if (refMethod == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Dalvik VM unable to get reflected method\n");
+        goto bail;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * We now have a Method instance.  We need to call
+     * its getModifiers() method.
+     */
+    methodClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/reflect/Method");
+    if (methodClass == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Dalvik VM unable to find class Method\n");
+        goto bail;
+    }
+    getModifiersId = env->GetMethodID(methodClass,
+                        "getModifiers", "()I");
+    if (getModifiersId == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Dalvik VM unable to find reflect.Method.getModifiers\n");
+        goto bail;
+    }
+
+    modifiers = env->CallIntMethod(refMethod, getModifiersId);
+    if ((modifiers & PUBLIC) == 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Dalvik VM: main() is not public\n");
+        goto bail;
+    }
+
+    result = JNI_TRUE;
+
+bail:
+    env->DeleteLocalRef(refMethod);
+    env->DeleteLocalRef(methodClass);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse arguments.  Most of it just gets passed through to the VM.  The
+ * JNI spec defines a handful of standard arguments.
+ */
+int main(int argc, char* const argv[])
+{
+    JavaVM* vm = NULL;
+    JNIEnv* env = NULL;
+    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
+    JavaVMOption* options = NULL;
+    char* slashClass = NULL;
+    int optionCount, curOpt, i, argIdx;
+    int needExtra = JNI_FALSE;
+    int result = 1;
+
+    setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+
+    /* ignore argv[0] */
+    argv++;
+    argc--;
+
+    /*
+     * If we're adding any additional stuff, e.g. function hook specifiers,
+     * add them to the count here.
+     *
+     * We're over-allocating, because this includes the options to the VM
+     * plus the options to the program.
+     */
+    optionCount = argc;
+
+    options = (JavaVMOption*) malloc(sizeof(JavaVMOption) * optionCount);
+    memset(options, 0, sizeof(JavaVMOption) * optionCount);
+
+    /*
+     * Copy options over.  Everything up to the name of the class starts
+     * with a '-' (the function hook stuff is strictly internal).
+     *
+     * [Do we need to catch & handle "-jar" here?]
+     */
+    for (curOpt = argIdx = 0; argIdx < argc; argIdx++) {
+        if (argv[argIdx][0] != '-' && !needExtra)
+            break;
+        options[curOpt++].optionString = strdup(argv[argIdx]);
+
+        /* some options require an additional arg */
+        needExtra = JNI_FALSE;
+        if (strcmp(argv[argIdx], "-classpath") == 0 ||
+            strcmp(argv[argIdx], "-cp") == 0)
+            /* others? */
+        {
+            needExtra = JNI_TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (needExtra) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Dalvik VM requires value after last option flag\n");
+        goto bail;
+    }
+
+    /* insert additional internal options here */
+
+    assert(curOpt <= optionCount);
+
+    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
+    initArgs.options = options;
+    initArgs.nOptions = curOpt;
+    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;
+
+    //printf("nOptions = %d\n", initArgs.nOptions);
+
+    blockSigpipe();
+
+    /*
+     * Start VM.  The current thread becomes the main thread of the VM.
+     */
+    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(&vm, &env, &initArgs) < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Dalvik VM init failed (check log file)\n");
+        goto bail;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Make sure they provided a class name.  We do this after VM init
+     * so that things like "-Xrunjdwp:help" have the opportunity to emit
+     * a usage statement.
+     */
+    if (argIdx == argc) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Dalvik VM requires a class name\n");
+        goto bail;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it.
+     * Create an array and populate it.  Note argv[0] is not included.
+     */
+    jobjectArray strArray;
+    strArray = createStringArray(env, &argv[argIdx+1], argc-argIdx-1);
+    if (strArray == NULL)
+        goto bail;
+
+    /*
+     * Find [class].main(String[]).
+     */
+    jclass startClass;
+    jmethodID startMeth;
+    char* cp;
+
+    /* convert "com.android.Blah" to "com/android/Blah" */
+    slashClass = strdup(argv[argIdx]);
+    for (cp = slashClass; *cp != '\0'; cp++)
+        if (*cp == '.')
+            *cp = '/';
+
+    startClass = env->FindClass(slashClass);
+    if (startClass == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Dalvik VM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClass);
+        goto bail;
+    }
+
+    startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass,
+                    "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
+    if (startMeth == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Dalvik VM unable to find static main(String[]) in '%s'\n",
+            slashClass);
+        goto bail;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Make sure the method is public.  JNI doesn't prevent us from calling
+     * a private method, so we have to check it explicitly.
+     */
+    if (!methodIsPublic(env, startClass, startMeth))
+        goto bail;
+
+    /*
+     * Invoke main().
+     */
+    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
+
+    if (!env->ExceptionCheck())
+        result = 0;
+
+bail:
+    /*printf("Shutting down Dalvik VM\n");*/
+    if (vm != NULL) {
+        /*
+         * This allows join() and isAlive() on the main thread to work
+         * correctly, and also provides uncaught exception handling.
+         */
+        if (vm->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
+            result = 1;
+        }
+
+        if (vm->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
+            fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Dalvik VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
+        /*printf("\nDalvik VM has exited\n");*/
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < optionCount; i++)
+        free((char*) options[i].optionString);
+    free(options);
+    free(slashClass);
+    /*printf("--- VM is down, process exiting\n");*/
+    return result;
+}
diff --git a/dexdump/Android.mk b/dexdump/Android.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c22b60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexdump/Android.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+#
+# dexdump, similar in purpose to objdump.
+#
+LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
+
+dexdump_src_files := \
+		DexDump.cpp
+
+dexdump_c_includes := \
+		dalvik \
+		$(JNI_H_INCLUDE)
+
+dexdump_shared_libraries :=
+
+dexdump_static_libraries := \
+		libdex
+
+##
+##
+## Build the device command line tool dexdump
+##
+##
+ifneq ($(SDK_ONLY),true)  # SDK_only doesn't need device version
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+LOCAL_MODULE := dexdump
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(dexdump_src_files)
+LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(dexdump_c_includes)
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(dexdump_shared_libraries) libz liblog
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := $(dexdump_static_libraries)
+LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_OPTIONAL_EXECUTABLES)
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
+LOCAL_LDLIBS +=
+include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+LOCAL_MODULE := libdexdump_static
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(dexdump_src_files)
+LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(dexdump_c_includes)
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := $(dexdump_static_libraries)
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
+include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
+
+endif # !SDK_ONLY
+
+
+##
+##
+## Build the host command line tool dexdump
+##
+##
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+LOCAL_MODULE := dexdump
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(dexdump_src_files)
+LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(dexdump_c_includes)
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(dexdump_shared_libraries)
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := $(dexdump_static_libraries) liblog
+
+ifneq ($(strip $(USE_MINGW)),)
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES += libz
+else
+LOCAL_LDLIBS += -lpthread -lz
+endif
+
+include $(BUILD_HOST_EXECUTABLE)
diff --git a/dexdump/DexDump.cpp b/dexdump/DexDump.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d7b425
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexdump/DexDump.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1915 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The "dexdump" tool is intended to mimic "objdump".  When possible, use
+ * similar command-line arguments.
+ *
+ * TODO: rework the "plain" output format to be more regexp-friendly
+ *
+ * Differences between XML output and the "current.xml" file:
+ * - classes in same package are not all grouped together; generally speaking
+ *   nothing is sorted
+ * - no "deprecated" on fields and methods
+ * - no "value" on fields
+ * - no parameter names
+ * - no generic signatures on parameters, e.g. type="java.lang.Class&lt;?&gt;"
+ * - class shows declared fields and methods; does not show inherited fields
+ */
+
+#include "libdex/DexFile.h"
+
+#include "libdex/CmdUtils.h"
+#include "libdex/DexCatch.h"
+#include "libdex/DexClass.h"
+#include "libdex/DexDebugInfo.h"
+#include "libdex/DexOpcodes.h"
+#include "libdex/DexProto.h"
+#include "libdex/InstrUtils.h"
+#include "libdex/SysUtil.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+static const char* gProgName = "dexdump";
+
+enum OutputFormat {
+    OUTPUT_PLAIN = 0,               /* default */
+    OUTPUT_XML,                     /* fancy */
+};
+
+/* command-line options */
+struct Options {
+    bool checksumOnly;
+    bool disassemble;
+    bool showFileHeaders;
+    bool showSectionHeaders;
+    bool ignoreBadChecksum;
+    bool dumpRegisterMaps;
+    OutputFormat outputFormat;
+    const char* tempFileName;
+    bool exportsOnly;
+    bool verbose;
+};
+
+struct Options gOptions;
+
+/* basic info about a field or method */
+struct FieldMethodInfo {
+    const char* classDescriptor;
+    const char* name;
+    const char* signature;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Get 2 little-endian bytes.
+ */
+static inline u2 get2LE(unsigned char const* pSrc)
+{
+    return pSrc[0] | (pSrc[1] << 8);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get 4 little-endian bytes.
+ */
+static inline u4 get4LE(unsigned char const* pSrc)
+{
+    return pSrc[0] | (pSrc[1] << 8) | (pSrc[2] << 16) | (pSrc[3] << 24);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Converts a single-character primitive type into its human-readable
+ * equivalent.
+ */
+static const char* primitiveTypeLabel(char typeChar)
+{
+    switch (typeChar) {
+    case 'B':   return "byte";
+    case 'C':   return "char";
+    case 'D':   return "double";
+    case 'F':   return "float";
+    case 'I':   return "int";
+    case 'J':   return "long";
+    case 'S':   return "short";
+    case 'V':   return "void";
+    case 'Z':   return "boolean";
+    default:
+                return "UNKNOWN";
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Converts a type descriptor to human-readable "dotted" form.  For
+ * example, "Ljava/lang/String;" becomes "java.lang.String", and
+ * "[I" becomes "int[]".  Also converts '$' to '.', which means this
+ * form can't be converted back to a descriptor.
+ */
+static char* descriptorToDot(const char* str)
+{
+    int targetLen = strlen(str);
+    int offset = 0;
+    int arrayDepth = 0;
+    char* newStr;
+
+    /* strip leading [s; will be added to end */
+    while (targetLen > 1 && str[offset] == '[') {
+        offset++;
+        targetLen--;
+    }
+    arrayDepth = offset;
+
+    if (targetLen == 1) {
+        /* primitive type */
+        str = primitiveTypeLabel(str[offset]);
+        offset = 0;
+        targetLen = strlen(str);
+    } else {
+        /* account for leading 'L' and trailing ';' */
+        if (targetLen >= 2 && str[offset] == 'L' &&
+            str[offset+targetLen-1] == ';')
+        {
+            targetLen -= 2;
+            offset++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    newStr = (char*)malloc(targetLen + arrayDepth * 2 +1);
+
+    /* copy class name over */
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < targetLen; i++) {
+        char ch = str[offset + i];
+        newStr[i] = (ch == '/' || ch == '$') ? '.' : ch;
+    }
+
+    /* add the appropriate number of brackets for arrays */
+    while (arrayDepth-- > 0) {
+        newStr[i++] = '[';
+        newStr[i++] = ']';
+    }
+    newStr[i] = '\0';
+    assert(i == targetLen + arrayDepth * 2);
+
+    return newStr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Converts the class name portion of a type descriptor to human-readable
+ * "dotted" form.
+ *
+ * Returns a newly-allocated string.
+ */
+static char* descriptorClassToDot(const char* str)
+{
+    const char* lastSlash;
+    char* newStr;
+    char* cp;
+
+    /* reduce to just the class name, trimming trailing ';' */
+    lastSlash = strrchr(str, '/');
+    if (lastSlash == NULL)
+        lastSlash = str + 1;        /* start past 'L' */
+    else
+        lastSlash++;                /* start past '/' */
+
+    newStr = strdup(lastSlash);
+    newStr[strlen(lastSlash)-1] = '\0';
+    for (cp = newStr; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
+        if (*cp == '$')
+            *cp = '.';
+    }
+
+    return newStr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns a quoted string representing the boolean value.
+ */
+static const char* quotedBool(bool val)
+{
+    if (val)
+        return "\"true\"";
+    else
+        return "\"false\"";
+}
+
+static const char* quotedVisibility(u4 accessFlags)
+{
+    if ((accessFlags & ACC_PUBLIC) != 0)
+        return "\"public\"";
+    else if ((accessFlags & ACC_PROTECTED) != 0)
+        return "\"protected\"";
+    else if ((accessFlags & ACC_PRIVATE) != 0)
+        return "\"private\"";
+    else
+        return "\"package\"";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Count the number of '1' bits in a word.
+ */
+static int countOnes(u4 val)
+{
+    int count = 0;
+
+    val = val - ((val >> 1) & 0x55555555);
+    val = (val & 0x33333333) + ((val >> 2) & 0x33333333);
+    count = (((val + (val >> 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F) * 0x01010101) >> 24;
+
+    return count;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Flag for use with createAccessFlagStr().
+ */
+enum AccessFor {
+    kAccessForClass = 0, kAccessForMethod = 1, kAccessForField = 2,
+    kAccessForMAX
+};
+
+/*
+ * Create a new string with human-readable access flags.
+ *
+ * In the base language the access_flags fields are type u2; in Dalvik
+ * they're u4.
+ */
+static char* createAccessFlagStr(u4 flags, AccessFor forWhat)
+{
+#define NUM_FLAGS   18
+    static const char* kAccessStrings[kAccessForMAX][NUM_FLAGS] = {
+        {
+            /* class, inner class */
+            "PUBLIC",           /* 0x0001 */
+            "PRIVATE",          /* 0x0002 */
+            "PROTECTED",        /* 0x0004 */
+            "STATIC",           /* 0x0008 */
+            "FINAL",            /* 0x0010 */
+            "?",                /* 0x0020 */
+            "?",                /* 0x0040 */
+            "?",                /* 0x0080 */
+            "?",                /* 0x0100 */
+            "INTERFACE",        /* 0x0200 */
+            "ABSTRACT",         /* 0x0400 */
+            "?",                /* 0x0800 */
+            "SYNTHETIC",        /* 0x1000 */
+            "ANNOTATION",       /* 0x2000 */
+            "ENUM",             /* 0x4000 */
+            "?",                /* 0x8000 */
+            "VERIFIED",         /* 0x10000 */
+            "OPTIMIZED",        /* 0x20000 */
+        },
+        {
+            /* method */
+            "PUBLIC",           /* 0x0001 */
+            "PRIVATE",          /* 0x0002 */
+            "PROTECTED",        /* 0x0004 */
+            "STATIC",           /* 0x0008 */
+            "FINAL",            /* 0x0010 */
+            "SYNCHRONIZED",     /* 0x0020 */
+            "BRIDGE",           /* 0x0040 */
+            "VARARGS",          /* 0x0080 */
+            "NATIVE",           /* 0x0100 */
+            "?",                /* 0x0200 */
+            "ABSTRACT",         /* 0x0400 */
+            "STRICT",           /* 0x0800 */
+            "SYNTHETIC",        /* 0x1000 */
+            "?",                /* 0x2000 */
+            "?",                /* 0x4000 */
+            "MIRANDA",          /* 0x8000 */
+            "CONSTRUCTOR",      /* 0x10000 */
+            "DECLARED_SYNCHRONIZED", /* 0x20000 */
+        },
+        {
+            /* field */
+            "PUBLIC",           /* 0x0001 */
+            "PRIVATE",          /* 0x0002 */
+            "PROTECTED",        /* 0x0004 */
+            "STATIC",           /* 0x0008 */
+            "FINAL",            /* 0x0010 */
+            "?",                /* 0x0020 */
+            "VOLATILE",         /* 0x0040 */
+            "TRANSIENT",        /* 0x0080 */
+            "?",                /* 0x0100 */
+            "?",                /* 0x0200 */
+            "?",                /* 0x0400 */
+            "?",                /* 0x0800 */
+            "SYNTHETIC",        /* 0x1000 */
+            "?",                /* 0x2000 */
+            "ENUM",             /* 0x4000 */
+            "?",                /* 0x8000 */
+            "?",                /* 0x10000 */
+            "?",                /* 0x20000 */
+        },
+    };
+    const int kLongest = 21;        /* strlen of longest string above */
+    int i, count;
+    char* str;
+    char* cp;
+
+    /*
+     * Allocate enough storage to hold the expected number of strings,
+     * plus a space between each.  We over-allocate, using the longest
+     * string above as the base metric.
+     */
+    count = countOnes(flags);
+    cp = str = (char*) malloc(count * (kLongest+1) +1);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NUM_FLAGS; i++) {
+        if (flags & 0x01) {
+            const char* accessStr = kAccessStrings[forWhat][i];
+            int len = strlen(accessStr);
+            if (cp != str)
+                *cp++ = ' ';
+
+            memcpy(cp, accessStr, len);
+            cp += len;
+        }
+        flags >>= 1;
+    }
+    *cp = '\0';
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Copy character data from "data" to "out", converting non-ASCII values
+ * to printf format chars or an ASCII filler ('.' or '?').
+ *
+ * The output buffer must be able to hold (2*len)+1 bytes.  The result is
+ * NUL-terminated.
+ */
+static void asciify(char* out, const unsigned char* data, size_t len)
+{
+    while (len--) {
+        if (*data < 0x20) {
+            /* could do more here, but we don't need them yet */
+            switch (*data) {
+            case '\0':
+                *out++ = '\\';
+                *out++ = '0';
+                break;
+            case '\n':
+                *out++ = '\\';
+                *out++ = 'n';
+                break;
+            default:
+                *out++ = '.';
+                break;
+            }
+        } else if (*data >= 0x80) {
+            *out++ = '?';
+        } else {
+            *out++ = *data;
+        }
+        data++;
+    }
+    *out = '\0';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump the file header.
+ */
+void dumpFileHeader(const DexFile* pDexFile)
+{
+    const DexOptHeader* pOptHeader = pDexFile->pOptHeader;
+    const DexHeader* pHeader = pDexFile->pHeader;
+    char sanitized[sizeof(pHeader->magic)*2 +1];
+
+    assert(sizeof(pHeader->magic) == sizeof(pOptHeader->magic));
+
+    if (pOptHeader != NULL) {
+        printf("Optimized DEX file header:\n");
+
+        asciify(sanitized, pOptHeader->magic, sizeof(pOptHeader->magic));
+        printf("magic               : '%s'\n", sanitized);
+        printf("dex_offset          : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+            pOptHeader->dexOffset, pOptHeader->dexOffset);
+        printf("dex_length          : %d\n", pOptHeader->dexLength);
+        printf("deps_offset         : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+            pOptHeader->depsOffset, pOptHeader->depsOffset);
+        printf("deps_length         : %d\n", pOptHeader->depsLength);
+        printf("opt_offset          : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+            pOptHeader->optOffset, pOptHeader->optOffset);
+        printf("opt_length          : %d\n", pOptHeader->optLength);
+        printf("flags               : %08x\n", pOptHeader->flags);
+        printf("checksum            : %08x\n", pOptHeader->checksum);
+        printf("\n");
+    }
+
+    printf("DEX file header:\n");
+    asciify(sanitized, pHeader->magic, sizeof(pHeader->magic));
+    printf("magic               : '%s'\n", sanitized);
+    printf("checksum            : %08x\n", pHeader->checksum);
+    printf("signature           : %02x%02x...%02x%02x\n",
+        pHeader->signature[0], pHeader->signature[1],
+        pHeader->signature[kSHA1DigestLen-2],
+        pHeader->signature[kSHA1DigestLen-1]);
+    printf("file_size           : %d\n", pHeader->fileSize);
+    printf("header_size         : %d\n", pHeader->headerSize);
+    printf("link_size           : %d\n", pHeader->linkSize);
+    printf("link_off            : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+        pHeader->linkOff, pHeader->linkOff);
+    printf("string_ids_size     : %d\n", pHeader->stringIdsSize);
+    printf("string_ids_off      : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+        pHeader->stringIdsOff, pHeader->stringIdsOff);
+    printf("type_ids_size       : %d\n", pHeader->typeIdsSize);
+    printf("type_ids_off        : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+        pHeader->typeIdsOff, pHeader->typeIdsOff);
+    printf("field_ids_size      : %d\n", pHeader->fieldIdsSize);
+    printf("field_ids_off       : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+        pHeader->fieldIdsOff, pHeader->fieldIdsOff);
+    printf("method_ids_size     : %d\n", pHeader->methodIdsSize);
+    printf("method_ids_off      : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+        pHeader->methodIdsOff, pHeader->methodIdsOff);
+    printf("class_defs_size     : %d\n", pHeader->classDefsSize);
+    printf("class_defs_off      : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+        pHeader->classDefsOff, pHeader->classDefsOff);
+    printf("data_size           : %d\n", pHeader->dataSize);
+    printf("data_off            : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+        pHeader->dataOff, pHeader->dataOff);
+    printf("\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump the "table of contents" for the opt area.
+ */
+void dumpOptDirectory(const DexFile* pDexFile)
+{
+    const DexOptHeader* pOptHeader = pDexFile->pOptHeader;
+    if (pOptHeader == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    printf("OPT section contents:\n");
+
+    const u4* pOpt = (const u4*) ((u1*) pOptHeader + pOptHeader->optOffset);
+
+    if (*pOpt == 0) {
+        printf("(1.0 format, only class lookup table is present)\n\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * The "opt" section is in "chunk" format: a 32-bit identifier, a 32-bit
+     * length, then the data.  Chunks start on 64-bit boundaries.
+     */
+    while (*pOpt != kDexChunkEnd) {
+        const char* verboseStr;
+
+        u4 size = *(pOpt+1);
+
+        switch (*pOpt) {
+        case kDexChunkClassLookup:
+            verboseStr = "class lookup hash table";
+            break;
+        case kDexChunkRegisterMaps:
+            verboseStr = "register maps";
+            break;
+        default:
+            verboseStr = "(unknown chunk type)";
+            break;
+        }
+
+        printf("Chunk %08x (%c%c%c%c) - %s (%d bytes)\n", *pOpt,
+            *pOpt >> 24, (char)(*pOpt >> 16), (char)(*pOpt >> 8), (char)*pOpt,
+            verboseStr, size);
+
+        size = (size + 8 + 7) & ~7;
+        pOpt += size / sizeof(u4);
+    }
+    printf("\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump a class_def_item.
+ */
+void dumpClassDef(DexFile* pDexFile, int idx)
+{
+    const DexClassDef* pClassDef;
+    const u1* pEncodedData;
+    DexClassData* pClassData;
+
+    pClassDef = dexGetClassDef(pDexFile, idx);
+    pEncodedData = dexGetClassData(pDexFile, pClassDef);
+    pClassData = dexReadAndVerifyClassData(&pEncodedData, NULL);
+
+    if (pClassData == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Trouble reading class data\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    printf("Class #%d header:\n", idx);
+    printf("class_idx           : %d\n", pClassDef->classIdx);
+    printf("access_flags        : %d (0x%04x)\n",
+        pClassDef->accessFlags, pClassDef->accessFlags);
+    printf("superclass_idx      : %d\n", pClassDef->superclassIdx);
+    printf("interfaces_off      : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+        pClassDef->interfacesOff, pClassDef->interfacesOff);
+    printf("source_file_idx     : %d\n", pClassDef->sourceFileIdx);
+    printf("annotations_off     : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+        pClassDef->annotationsOff, pClassDef->annotationsOff);
+    printf("class_data_off      : %d (0x%06x)\n",
+        pClassDef->classDataOff, pClassDef->classDataOff);
+    printf("static_fields_size  : %d\n", pClassData->header.staticFieldsSize);
+    printf("instance_fields_size: %d\n",
+            pClassData->header.instanceFieldsSize);
+    printf("direct_methods_size : %d\n", pClassData->header.directMethodsSize);
+    printf("virtual_methods_size: %d\n",
+            pClassData->header.virtualMethodsSize);
+    printf("\n");
+
+    free(pClassData);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump an interface that a class declares to implement.
+ */
+void dumpInterface(const DexFile* pDexFile, const DexTypeItem* pTypeItem,
+    int i)
+{
+    const char* interfaceName =
+        dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pTypeItem->typeIdx);
+
+    if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_PLAIN) {
+        printf("    #%d              : '%s'\n", i, interfaceName);
+    } else {
+        char* dotted = descriptorToDot(interfaceName);
+        printf("<implements name=\"%s\">\n</implements>\n", dotted);
+        free(dotted);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump the catches table associated with the code.
+ */
+void dumpCatches(DexFile* pDexFile, const DexCode* pCode)
+{
+    u4 triesSize = pCode->triesSize;
+
+    if (triesSize == 0) {
+        printf("      catches       : (none)\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    printf("      catches       : %d\n", triesSize);
+
+    const DexTry* pTries = dexGetTries(pCode);
+    u4 i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < triesSize; i++) {
+        const DexTry* pTry = &pTries[i];
+        u4 start = pTry->startAddr;
+        u4 end = start + pTry->insnCount;
+        DexCatchIterator iterator;
+
+        printf("        0x%04x - 0x%04x\n", start, end);
+
+        dexCatchIteratorInit(&iterator, pCode, pTry->handlerOff);
+
+        for (;;) {
+            DexCatchHandler* handler = dexCatchIteratorNext(&iterator);
+            const char* descriptor;
+
+            if (handler == NULL) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            descriptor = (handler->typeIdx == kDexNoIndex) ? "<any>" :
+                dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, handler->typeIdx);
+
+            printf("          %s -> 0x%04x\n", descriptor,
+                    handler->address);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static int dumpPositionsCb(void *cnxt, u4 address, u4 lineNum)
+{
+    printf("        0x%04x line=%d\n", address, lineNum);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump the positions list.
+ */
+void dumpPositions(DexFile* pDexFile, const DexCode* pCode,
+        const DexMethod *pDexMethod)
+{
+    printf("      positions     : \n");
+    const DexMethodId *pMethodId
+            = dexGetMethodId(pDexFile, pDexMethod->methodIdx);
+    const char *classDescriptor
+            = dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pMethodId->classIdx);
+
+    dexDecodeDebugInfo(pDexFile, pCode, classDescriptor, pMethodId->protoIdx,
+            pDexMethod->accessFlags, dumpPositionsCb, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static void dumpLocalsCb(void *cnxt, u2 reg, u4 startAddress,
+        u4 endAddress, const char *name, const char *descriptor,
+        const char *signature)
+{
+    printf("        0x%04x - 0x%04x reg=%d %s %s %s\n",
+            startAddress, endAddress, reg, name, descriptor,
+            signature);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump the locals list.
+ */
+void dumpLocals(DexFile* pDexFile, const DexCode* pCode,
+        const DexMethod *pDexMethod)
+{
+    printf("      locals        : \n");
+
+    const DexMethodId *pMethodId
+            = dexGetMethodId(pDexFile, pDexMethod->methodIdx);
+    const char *classDescriptor
+            = dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pMethodId->classIdx);
+
+    dexDecodeDebugInfo(pDexFile, pCode, classDescriptor, pMethodId->protoIdx,
+            pDexMethod->accessFlags, NULL, dumpLocalsCb, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get information about a method.
+ */
+bool getMethodInfo(DexFile* pDexFile, u4 methodIdx, FieldMethodInfo* pMethInfo)
+{
+    const DexMethodId* pMethodId;
+
+    if (methodIdx >= pDexFile->pHeader->methodIdsSize)
+        return false;
+
+    pMethodId = dexGetMethodId(pDexFile, methodIdx);
+    pMethInfo->name = dexStringById(pDexFile, pMethodId->nameIdx);
+    pMethInfo->signature = dexCopyDescriptorFromMethodId(pDexFile, pMethodId);
+
+    pMethInfo->classDescriptor =
+            dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pMethodId->classIdx);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get information about a field.
+ */
+bool getFieldInfo(DexFile* pDexFile, u4 fieldIdx, FieldMethodInfo* pFieldInfo)
+{
+    const DexFieldId* pFieldId;
+
+    if (fieldIdx >= pDexFile->pHeader->fieldIdsSize)
+        return false;
+
+    pFieldId = dexGetFieldId(pDexFile, fieldIdx);
+    pFieldInfo->name = dexStringById(pDexFile, pFieldId->nameIdx);
+    pFieldInfo->signature = dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pFieldId->typeIdx);
+    pFieldInfo->classDescriptor =
+        dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pFieldId->classIdx);
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Look up a class' descriptor.
+ */
+const char* getClassDescriptor(DexFile* pDexFile, u4 classIdx)
+{
+    return dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, classIdx);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper for dumpInstruction(), which builds the string
+ * representation for the index in the given instruction. This will
+ * first try to use the given buffer, but if the result won't fit,
+ * then this will allocate a new buffer to hold the result. A pointer
+ * to the buffer which holds the full result is always returned, and
+ * this can be compared with the one passed in, to see if the result
+ * needs to be free()d.
+ */
+static char* indexString(DexFile* pDexFile,
+    const DecodedInstruction* pDecInsn, char* buf, size_t bufSize)
+{
+    int outSize;
+    u4 index;
+    u4 width;
+
+    /* TODO: Make the index *always* be in field B, to simplify this code. */
+    switch (dexGetFormatFromOpcode(pDecInsn->opcode)) {
+    case kFmt20bc:
+    case kFmt21c:
+    case kFmt35c:
+    case kFmt35ms:
+    case kFmt3rc:
+    case kFmt3rms:
+    case kFmt35mi:
+    case kFmt3rmi:
+        index = pDecInsn->vB;
+        width = 4;
+        break;
+    case kFmt31c:
+        index = pDecInsn->vB;
+        width = 8;
+        break;
+    case kFmt22c:
+    case kFmt22cs:
+        index = pDecInsn->vC;
+        width = 4;
+        break;
+    default:
+        index = 0;
+        width = 4;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    switch (pDecInsn->indexType) {
+    case kIndexUnknown:
+        /*
+         * This function shouldn't ever get called for this type, but do
+         * something sensible here, just to help with debugging.
+         */
+        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<unknown-index>");
+        break;
+    case kIndexNone:
+        /*
+         * This function shouldn't ever get called for this type, but do
+         * something sensible here, just to help with debugging.
+         */
+        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<no-index>");
+        break;
+    case kIndexVaries:
+        /*
+         * This one should never show up in a dexdump, so no need to try
+         * to get fancy here.
+         */
+        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<index-varies> // thing@%0*x",
+                width, index);
+        break;
+    case kIndexTypeRef:
+        if (index < pDexFile->pHeader->typeIdsSize) {
+            outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%s // type@%0*x",
+                               getClassDescriptor(pDexFile, index), width, index);
+        } else {
+            outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<type?> // type@%0*x", width, index);
+        }
+        break;
+    case kIndexStringRef:
+        if (index < pDexFile->pHeader->stringIdsSize) {
+            outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "\"%s\" // string@%0*x",
+                               dexStringById(pDexFile, index), width, index);
+        } else {
+            outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<string?> // string@%0*x",
+                               width, index);
+        }
+        break;
+    case kIndexMethodRef:
+        {
+            FieldMethodInfo methInfo;
+            if (getMethodInfo(pDexFile, index, &methInfo)) {
+                outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%s.%s:%s // method@%0*x",
+                        methInfo.classDescriptor, methInfo.name,
+                        methInfo.signature, width, index);
+                free((void *) methInfo.signature);
+            } else {
+                outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<method?> // method@%0*x",
+                        width, index);
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    case kIndexFieldRef:
+        {
+            FieldMethodInfo fieldInfo;
+            if (getFieldInfo(pDexFile, index, &fieldInfo)) {
+                outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%s.%s:%s // field@%0*x",
+                        fieldInfo.classDescriptor, fieldInfo.name,
+                        fieldInfo.signature, width, index);
+            } else {
+                outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<field?> // field@%0*x",
+                        width, index);
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    case kIndexInlineMethod:
+        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "[%0*x] // inline #%0*x",
+                width, index, width, index);
+        break;
+    case kIndexVtableOffset:
+        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "[%0*x] // vtable #%0*x",
+                width, index, width, index);
+        break;
+    case kIndexFieldOffset:
+        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "[obj+%0*x]", width, index);
+        break;
+    default:
+        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<?>");
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (outSize >= (int) bufSize) {
+        /*
+         * The buffer wasn't big enough; allocate and retry. Note:
+         * snprintf() doesn't count the '\0' as part of its returned
+         * size, so we add explicit space for it here.
+         */
+        outSize++;
+        buf = (char*)malloc(outSize);
+        if (buf == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return indexString(pDexFile, pDecInsn, buf, outSize);
+    } else {
+        return buf;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump a single instruction.
+ */
+void dumpInstruction(DexFile* pDexFile, const DexCode* pCode, int insnIdx,
+    int insnWidth, const DecodedInstruction* pDecInsn)
+{
+    char indexBufChars[200];
+    char *indexBuf = indexBufChars;
+    const u2* insns = pCode->insns;
+    int i;
+
+    printf("%06x:", ((u1*)insns - pDexFile->baseAddr) + insnIdx*2);
+    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        if (i < insnWidth) {
+            if (i == 7) {
+                printf(" ... ");
+            } else {
+                /* print 16-bit value in little-endian order */
+                const u1* bytePtr = (const u1*) &insns[insnIdx+i];
+                printf(" %02x%02x", bytePtr[0], bytePtr[1]);
+            }
+        } else {
+            fputs("     ", stdout);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (pDecInsn->opcode == OP_NOP) {
+        u2 instr = get2LE((const u1*) &insns[insnIdx]);
+        if (instr == kPackedSwitchSignature) {
+            printf("|%04x: packed-switch-data (%d units)",
+                insnIdx, insnWidth);
+        } else if (instr == kSparseSwitchSignature) {
+            printf("|%04x: sparse-switch-data (%d units)",
+                insnIdx, insnWidth);
+        } else if (instr == kArrayDataSignature) {
+            printf("|%04x: array-data (%d units)",
+                insnIdx, insnWidth);
+        } else {
+            printf("|%04x: nop // spacer", insnIdx);
+        }
+    } else {
+        printf("|%04x: %s", insnIdx, dexGetOpcodeName(pDecInsn->opcode));
+    }
+
+    if (pDecInsn->indexType != kIndexNone) {
+        indexBuf = indexString(pDexFile, pDecInsn,
+                indexBufChars, sizeof(indexBufChars));
+    }
+
+    switch (dexGetFormatFromOpcode(pDecInsn->opcode)) {
+    case kFmt10x:        // op
+        break;
+    case kFmt12x:        // op vA, vB
+        printf(" v%d, v%d", pDecInsn->vA, pDecInsn->vB);
+        break;
+    case kFmt11n:        // op vA, #+B
+        printf(" v%d, #int %d // #%x",
+            pDecInsn->vA, (s4)pDecInsn->vB, (u1)pDecInsn->vB);
+        break;
+    case kFmt11x:        // op vAA
+        printf(" v%d", pDecInsn->vA);
+        break;
+    case kFmt10t:        // op +AA
+    case kFmt20t:        // op +AAAA
+        {
+            s4 targ = (s4) pDecInsn->vA;
+            printf(" %04x // %c%04x",
+                insnIdx + targ,
+                (targ < 0) ? '-' : '+',
+                (targ < 0) ? -targ : targ);
+        }
+        break;
+    case kFmt22x:        // op vAA, vBBBB
+        printf(" v%d, v%d", pDecInsn->vA, pDecInsn->vB);
+        break;
+    case kFmt21t:        // op vAA, +BBBB
+        {
+            s4 targ = (s4) pDecInsn->vB;
+            printf(" v%d, %04x // %c%04x", pDecInsn->vA,
+                insnIdx + targ,
+                (targ < 0) ? '-' : '+',
+                (targ < 0) ? -targ : targ);
+        }
+        break;
+    case kFmt21s:        // op vAA, #+BBBB
+        printf(" v%d, #int %d // #%x",
+            pDecInsn->vA, (s4)pDecInsn->vB, (u2)pDecInsn->vB);
+        break;
+    case kFmt21h:        // op vAA, #+BBBB0000[00000000]
+        // The printed format varies a bit based on the actual opcode.
+        if (pDecInsn->opcode == OP_CONST_HIGH16) {
+            s4 value = pDecInsn->vB << 16;
+            printf(" v%d, #int %d // #%x",
+                pDecInsn->vA, value, (u2)pDecInsn->vB);
+        } else {
+            s8 value = ((s8) pDecInsn->vB) << 48;
+            printf(" v%d, #long %lld // #%x",
+                pDecInsn->vA, value, (u2)pDecInsn->vB);
+        }
+        break;
+    case kFmt21c:        // op vAA, thing@BBBB
+    case kFmt31c:        // op vAA, thing@BBBBBBBB
+        printf(" v%d, %s", pDecInsn->vA, indexBuf);
+        break;
+    case kFmt23x:        // op vAA, vBB, vCC
+        printf(" v%d, v%d, v%d", pDecInsn->vA, pDecInsn->vB, pDecInsn->vC);
+        break;
+    case kFmt22b:        // op vAA, vBB, #+CC
+        printf(" v%d, v%d, #int %d // #%02x",
+            pDecInsn->vA, pDecInsn->vB, (s4)pDecInsn->vC, (u1)pDecInsn->vC);
+        break;
+    case kFmt22t:        // op vA, vB, +CCCC
+        {
+            s4 targ = (s4) pDecInsn->vC;
+            printf(" v%d, v%d, %04x // %c%04x", pDecInsn->vA, pDecInsn->vB,
+                insnIdx + targ,
+                (targ < 0) ? '-' : '+',
+                (targ < 0) ? -targ : targ);
+        }
+        break;
+    case kFmt22s:        // op vA, vB, #+CCCC
+        printf(" v%d, v%d, #int %d // #%04x",
+            pDecInsn->vA, pDecInsn->vB, (s4)pDecInsn->vC, (u2)pDecInsn->vC);
+        break;
+    case kFmt22c:        // op vA, vB, thing@CCCC
+    case kFmt22cs:       // [opt] op vA, vB, field offset CCCC
+        printf(" v%d, v%d, %s", pDecInsn->vA, pDecInsn->vB, indexBuf);
+        break;
+    case kFmt30t:
+        printf(" #%08x", pDecInsn->vA);
+        break;
+    case kFmt31i:        // op vAA, #+BBBBBBBB
+        {
+            /* this is often, but not always, a float */
+            union {
+                float f;
+                u4 i;
+            } conv;
+            conv.i = pDecInsn->vB;
+            printf(" v%d, #float %f // #%08x",
+                pDecInsn->vA, conv.f, pDecInsn->vB);
+        }
+        break;
+    case kFmt31t:       // op vAA, offset +BBBBBBBB
+        printf(" v%d, %08x // +%08x",
+            pDecInsn->vA, insnIdx + pDecInsn->vB, pDecInsn->vB);
+        break;
+    case kFmt32x:        // op vAAAA, vBBBB
+        printf(" v%d, v%d", pDecInsn->vA, pDecInsn->vB);
+        break;
+    case kFmt35c:        // op {vC, vD, vE, vF, vG}, thing@BBBB
+    case kFmt35ms:       // [opt] invoke-virtual+super
+    case kFmt35mi:       // [opt] inline invoke
+        {
+            fputs(" {", stdout);
+            for (i = 0; i < (int) pDecInsn->vA; i++) {
+                if (i == 0)
+                    printf("v%d", pDecInsn->arg[i]);
+                else
+                    printf(", v%d", pDecInsn->arg[i]);
+            }
+            printf("}, %s", indexBuf);
+        }
+        break;
+    case kFmt3rc:        // op {vCCCC .. v(CCCC+AA-1)}, thing@BBBB
+    case kFmt3rms:       // [opt] invoke-virtual+super/range
+    case kFmt3rmi:       // [opt] execute-inline/range
+        {
+            /*
+             * This doesn't match the "dx" output when some of the args are
+             * 64-bit values -- dx only shows the first register.
+             */
+            fputs(" {", stdout);
+            for (i = 0; i < (int) pDecInsn->vA; i++) {
+                if (i == 0)
+                    printf("v%d", pDecInsn->vC + i);
+                else
+                    printf(", v%d", pDecInsn->vC + i);
+            }
+            printf("}, %s", indexBuf);
+        }
+        break;
+    case kFmt51l:        // op vAA, #+BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
+        {
+            /* this is often, but not always, a double */
+            union {
+                double d;
+                u8 j;
+            } conv;
+            conv.j = pDecInsn->vB_wide;
+            printf(" v%d, #double %f // #%016llx",
+                pDecInsn->vA, conv.d, pDecInsn->vB_wide);
+        }
+        break;
+    case kFmt00x:        // unknown op or breakpoint
+        break;
+    default:
+        printf(" ???");
+        break;
+    }
+
+    putchar('\n');
+
+    if (indexBuf != indexBufChars) {
+        free(indexBuf);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump a bytecode disassembly.
+ */
+void dumpBytecodes(DexFile* pDexFile, const DexMethod* pDexMethod)
+{
+    const DexCode* pCode = dexGetCode(pDexFile, pDexMethod);
+    const u2* insns;
+    int insnIdx;
+    FieldMethodInfo methInfo;
+    int startAddr;
+    char* className = NULL;
+
+    assert(pCode->insnsSize > 0);
+    insns = pCode->insns;
+
+    getMethodInfo(pDexFile, pDexMethod->methodIdx, &methInfo);
+    startAddr = ((u1*)pCode - pDexFile->baseAddr);
+    className = descriptorToDot(methInfo.classDescriptor);
+
+    printf("%06x:                                        |[%06x] %s.%s:%s\n",
+        startAddr, startAddr,
+        className, methInfo.name, methInfo.signature);
+    free((void *) methInfo.signature);
+
+    insnIdx = 0;
+    while (insnIdx < (int) pCode->insnsSize) {
+        int insnWidth;
+        DecodedInstruction decInsn;
+        u2 instr;
+
+        /*
+         * Note: This code parallels the function
+         * dexGetWidthFromInstruction() in InstrUtils.c, but this version
+         * can deal with data in either endianness.
+         *
+         * TODO: Figure out if this really matters, and possibly change
+         * this to just use dexGetWidthFromInstruction().
+         */
+        instr = get2LE((const u1*)insns);
+        if (instr == kPackedSwitchSignature) {
+            insnWidth = 4 + get2LE((const u1*)(insns+1)) * 2;
+        } else if (instr == kSparseSwitchSignature) {
+            insnWidth = 2 + get2LE((const u1*)(insns+1)) * 4;
+        } else if (instr == kArrayDataSignature) {
+            int width = get2LE((const u1*)(insns+1));
+            int size = get2LE((const u1*)(insns+2)) |
+                       (get2LE((const u1*)(insns+3))<<16);
+            // The plus 1 is to round up for odd size and width.
+            insnWidth = 4 + ((size * width) + 1) / 2;
+        } else {
+            Opcode opcode = dexOpcodeFromCodeUnit(instr);
+            insnWidth = dexGetWidthFromOpcode(opcode);
+            if (insnWidth == 0) {
+                fprintf(stderr,
+                    "GLITCH: zero-width instruction at idx=0x%04x\n", insnIdx);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        dexDecodeInstruction(insns, &decInsn);
+        dumpInstruction(pDexFile, pCode, insnIdx, insnWidth, &decInsn);
+
+        insns += insnWidth;
+        insnIdx += insnWidth;
+    }
+
+    free(className);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump a "code" struct.
+ */
+void dumpCode(DexFile* pDexFile, const DexMethod* pDexMethod)
+{
+    const DexCode* pCode = dexGetCode(pDexFile, pDexMethod);
+
+    printf("      registers     : %d\n", pCode->registersSize);
+    printf("      ins           : %d\n", pCode->insSize);
+    printf("      outs          : %d\n", pCode->outsSize);
+    printf("      insns size    : %d 16-bit code units\n", pCode->insnsSize);
+
+    if (gOptions.disassemble)
+        dumpBytecodes(pDexFile, pDexMethod);
+
+    dumpCatches(pDexFile, pCode);
+    /* both of these are encoded in debug info */
+    dumpPositions(pDexFile, pCode, pDexMethod);
+    dumpLocals(pDexFile, pCode, pDexMethod);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump a method.
+ */
+void dumpMethod(DexFile* pDexFile, const DexMethod* pDexMethod, int i)
+{
+    const DexMethodId* pMethodId;
+    const char* backDescriptor;
+    const char* name;
+    char* typeDescriptor = NULL;
+    char* accessStr = NULL;
+
+    if (gOptions.exportsOnly &&
+        (pDexMethod->accessFlags & (ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_PROTECTED)) == 0)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    pMethodId = dexGetMethodId(pDexFile, pDexMethod->methodIdx);
+    name = dexStringById(pDexFile, pMethodId->nameIdx);
+    typeDescriptor = dexCopyDescriptorFromMethodId(pDexFile, pMethodId);
+
+    backDescriptor = dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pMethodId->classIdx);
+
+    accessStr = createAccessFlagStr(pDexMethod->accessFlags,
+                    kAccessForMethod);
+
+    if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_PLAIN) {
+        printf("    #%d              : (in %s)\n", i, backDescriptor);
+        printf("      name          : '%s'\n", name);
+        printf("      type          : '%s'\n", typeDescriptor);
+        printf("      access        : 0x%04x (%s)\n",
+            pDexMethod->accessFlags, accessStr);
+
+        if (pDexMethod->codeOff == 0) {
+            printf("      code          : (none)\n");
+        } else {
+            printf("      code          -\n");
+            dumpCode(pDexFile, pDexMethod);
+        }
+
+        if (gOptions.disassemble)
+            putchar('\n');
+    } else if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_XML) {
+        bool constructor = (name[0] == '<');
+
+        if (constructor) {
+            char* tmp;
+
+            tmp = descriptorClassToDot(backDescriptor);
+            printf("<constructor name=\"%s\"\n", tmp);
+            free(tmp);
+
+            tmp = descriptorToDot(backDescriptor);
+            printf(" type=\"%s\"\n", tmp);
+            free(tmp);
+        } else {
+            printf("<method name=\"%s\"\n", name);
+
+            const char* returnType = strrchr(typeDescriptor, ')');
+            if (returnType == NULL) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "bad method type descriptor '%s'\n",
+                    typeDescriptor);
+                goto bail;
+            }
+
+            char* tmp = descriptorToDot(returnType+1);
+            printf(" return=\"%s\"\n", tmp);
+            free(tmp);
+
+            printf(" abstract=%s\n",
+                quotedBool((pDexMethod->accessFlags & ACC_ABSTRACT) != 0));
+            printf(" native=%s\n",
+                quotedBool((pDexMethod->accessFlags & ACC_NATIVE) != 0));
+
+            bool isSync =
+                (pDexMethod->accessFlags & ACC_SYNCHRONIZED) != 0 ||
+                (pDexMethod->accessFlags & ACC_DECLARED_SYNCHRONIZED) != 0;
+            printf(" synchronized=%s\n", quotedBool(isSync));
+        }
+
+        printf(" static=%s\n",
+            quotedBool((pDexMethod->accessFlags & ACC_STATIC) != 0));
+        printf(" final=%s\n",
+            quotedBool((pDexMethod->accessFlags & ACC_FINAL) != 0));
+        // "deprecated=" not knowable w/o parsing annotations
+        printf(" visibility=%s\n",
+            quotedVisibility(pDexMethod->accessFlags));
+
+        printf(">\n");
+
+        /*
+         * Parameters.
+         */
+        if (typeDescriptor[0] != '(') {
+            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: bad descriptor '%s'\n", typeDescriptor);
+            goto bail;
+        }
+
+        char tmpBuf[strlen(typeDescriptor)+1];      /* more than big enough */
+        int argNum = 0;
+
+        const char* base = typeDescriptor+1;
+
+        while (*base != ')') {
+            char* cp = tmpBuf;
+
+            while (*base == '[')
+                *cp++ = *base++;
+
+            if (*base == 'L') {
+                /* copy through ';' */
+                do {
+                    *cp = *base++;
+                } while (*cp++ != ';');
+            } else {
+                /* primitive char, copy it */
+                if (strchr("ZBCSIFJD", *base) == NULL) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: bad method signature '%s'\n", base);
+                    goto bail;
+                }
+                *cp++ = *base++;
+            }
+
+            /* null terminate and display */
+            *cp++ = '\0';
+
+            char* tmp = descriptorToDot(tmpBuf);
+            printf("<parameter name=\"arg%d\" type=\"%s\">\n</parameter>\n",
+                argNum++, tmp);
+            free(tmp);
+        }
+
+        if (constructor)
+            printf("</constructor>\n");
+        else
+            printf("</method>\n");
+    }
+
+bail:
+    free(typeDescriptor);
+    free(accessStr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump a static (class) field.
+ */
+void dumpSField(const DexFile* pDexFile, const DexField* pSField, int i)
+{
+    const DexFieldId* pFieldId;
+    const char* backDescriptor;
+    const char* name;
+    const char* typeDescriptor;
+    char* accessStr;
+
+    if (gOptions.exportsOnly &&
+        (pSField->accessFlags & (ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_PROTECTED)) == 0)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    pFieldId = dexGetFieldId(pDexFile, pSField->fieldIdx);
+    name = dexStringById(pDexFile, pFieldId->nameIdx);
+    typeDescriptor = dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pFieldId->typeIdx);
+    backDescriptor = dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pFieldId->classIdx);
+
+    accessStr = createAccessFlagStr(pSField->accessFlags, kAccessForField);
+
+    if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_PLAIN) {
+        printf("    #%d              : (in %s)\n", i, backDescriptor);
+        printf("      name          : '%s'\n", name);
+        printf("      type          : '%s'\n", typeDescriptor);
+        printf("      access        : 0x%04x (%s)\n",
+            pSField->accessFlags, accessStr);
+    } else if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_XML) {
+        char* tmp;
+
+        printf("<field name=\"%s\"\n", name);
+
+        tmp = descriptorToDot(typeDescriptor);
+        printf(" type=\"%s\"\n", tmp);
+        free(tmp);
+
+        printf(" transient=%s\n",
+            quotedBool((pSField->accessFlags & ACC_TRANSIENT) != 0));
+        printf(" volatile=%s\n",
+            quotedBool((pSField->accessFlags & ACC_VOLATILE) != 0));
+        // "value=" not knowable w/o parsing annotations
+        printf(" static=%s\n",
+            quotedBool((pSField->accessFlags & ACC_STATIC) != 0));
+        printf(" final=%s\n",
+            quotedBool((pSField->accessFlags & ACC_FINAL) != 0));
+        // "deprecated=" not knowable w/o parsing annotations
+        printf(" visibility=%s\n",
+            quotedVisibility(pSField->accessFlags));
+        printf(">\n</field>\n");
+    }
+
+    free(accessStr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump an instance field.
+ */
+void dumpIField(const DexFile* pDexFile, const DexField* pIField, int i)
+{
+    dumpSField(pDexFile, pIField, i);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump the class.
+ *
+ * Note "idx" is a DexClassDef index, not a DexTypeId index.
+ *
+ * If "*pLastPackage" is NULL or does not match the current class' package,
+ * the value will be replaced with a newly-allocated string.
+ */
+void dumpClass(DexFile* pDexFile, int idx, char** pLastPackage)
+{
+    const DexTypeList* pInterfaces;
+    const DexClassDef* pClassDef;
+    DexClassData* pClassData = NULL;
+    const u1* pEncodedData;
+    const char* fileName;
+    const char* classDescriptor;
+    const char* superclassDescriptor;
+    char* accessStr = NULL;
+    int i;
+
+    pClassDef = dexGetClassDef(pDexFile, idx);
+
+    if (gOptions.exportsOnly && (pClassDef->accessFlags & ACC_PUBLIC) == 0) {
+        //printf("<!-- omitting non-public class %s -->\n",
+        //    classDescriptor);
+        goto bail;
+    }
+
+    pEncodedData = dexGetClassData(pDexFile, pClassDef);
+    pClassData = dexReadAndVerifyClassData(&pEncodedData, NULL);
+
+    if (pClassData == NULL) {
+        printf("Trouble reading class data (#%d)\n", idx);
+        goto bail;
+    }
+
+    classDescriptor = dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pClassDef->classIdx);
+
+    /*
+     * For the XML output, show the package name.  Ideally we'd gather
+     * up the classes, sort them, and dump them alphabetically so the
+     * package name wouldn't jump around, but that's not a great plan
+     * for something that needs to run on the device.
+     */
+    if (!(classDescriptor[0] == 'L' &&
+          classDescriptor[strlen(classDescriptor)-1] == ';'))
+    {
+        /* arrays and primitives should not be defined explicitly */
+        fprintf(stderr, "Malformed class name '%s'\n", classDescriptor);
+        /* keep going? */
+    } else if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_XML) {
+        char* mangle;
+        char* lastSlash;
+        char* cp;
+
+        mangle = strdup(classDescriptor + 1);
+        mangle[strlen(mangle)-1] = '\0';
+
+        /* reduce to just the package name */
+        lastSlash = strrchr(mangle, '/');
+        if (lastSlash != NULL) {
+            *lastSlash = '\0';
+        } else {
+            *mangle = '\0';
+        }
+
+        for (cp = mangle; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
+            if (*cp == '/')
+                *cp = '.';
+        }
+
+        if (*pLastPackage == NULL || strcmp(mangle, *pLastPackage) != 0) {
+            /* start of a new package */
+            if (*pLastPackage != NULL)
+                printf("</package>\n");
+            printf("<package name=\"%s\"\n>\n", mangle);
+            free(*pLastPackage);
+            *pLastPackage = mangle;
+        } else {
+            free(mangle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    accessStr = createAccessFlagStr(pClassDef->accessFlags, kAccessForClass);
+
+    if (pClassDef->superclassIdx == kDexNoIndex) {
+        superclassDescriptor = NULL;
+    } else {
+        superclassDescriptor =
+            dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pClassDef->superclassIdx);
+    }
+
+    if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_PLAIN) {
+        printf("Class #%d            -\n", idx);
+        printf("  Class descriptor  : '%s'\n", classDescriptor);
+        printf("  Access flags      : 0x%04x (%s)\n",
+            pClassDef->accessFlags, accessStr);
+
+        if (superclassDescriptor != NULL)
+            printf("  Superclass        : '%s'\n", superclassDescriptor);
+
+        printf("  Interfaces        -\n");
+    } else {
+        char* tmp;
+
+        tmp = descriptorClassToDot(classDescriptor);
+        printf("<class name=\"%s\"\n", tmp);
+        free(tmp);
+
+        if (superclassDescriptor != NULL) {
+            tmp = descriptorToDot(superclassDescriptor);
+            printf(" extends=\"%s\"\n", tmp);
+            free(tmp);
+        }
+        printf(" abstract=%s\n",
+            quotedBool((pClassDef->accessFlags & ACC_ABSTRACT) != 0));
+        printf(" static=%s\n",
+            quotedBool((pClassDef->accessFlags & ACC_STATIC) != 0));
+        printf(" final=%s\n",
+            quotedBool((pClassDef->accessFlags & ACC_FINAL) != 0));
+        // "deprecated=" not knowable w/o parsing annotations
+        printf(" visibility=%s\n",
+            quotedVisibility(pClassDef->accessFlags));
+        printf(">\n");
+    }
+    pInterfaces = dexGetInterfacesList(pDexFile, pClassDef);
+    if (pInterfaces != NULL) {
+        for (i = 0; i < (int) pInterfaces->size; i++)
+            dumpInterface(pDexFile, dexGetTypeItem(pInterfaces, i), i);
+    }
+
+    if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_PLAIN)
+        printf("  Static fields     -\n");
+    for (i = 0; i < (int) pClassData->header.staticFieldsSize; i++) {
+        dumpSField(pDexFile, &pClassData->staticFields[i], i);
+    }
+
+    if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_PLAIN)
+        printf("  Instance fields   -\n");
+    for (i = 0; i < (int) pClassData->header.instanceFieldsSize; i++) {
+        dumpIField(pDexFile, &pClassData->instanceFields[i], i);
+    }
+
+    if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_PLAIN)
+        printf("  Direct methods    -\n");
+    for (i = 0; i < (int) pClassData->header.directMethodsSize; i++) {
+        dumpMethod(pDexFile, &pClassData->directMethods[i], i);
+    }
+
+    if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_PLAIN)
+        printf("  Virtual methods   -\n");
+    for (i = 0; i < (int) pClassData->header.virtualMethodsSize; i++) {
+        dumpMethod(pDexFile, &pClassData->virtualMethods[i], i);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Annotations.
+
+    if (pClassDef->sourceFileIdx != kDexNoIndex)
+        fileName = dexStringById(pDexFile, pClassDef->sourceFileIdx);
+    else
+        fileName = "unknown";
+
+    if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_PLAIN) {
+        printf("  source_file_idx   : %d (%s)\n",
+            pClassDef->sourceFileIdx, fileName);
+        printf("\n");
+    }
+
+    if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_XML) {
+        printf("</class>\n");
+    }
+
+bail:
+    free(pClassData);
+    free(accessStr);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Advance "ptr" to ensure 32-bit alignment.
+ */
+static inline const u1* align32(const u1* ptr)
+{
+    return (u1*) (((uintptr_t) ptr + 3) & ~0x03);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Dump a map in the "differential" format.
+ *
+ * TODO: show a hex dump of the compressed data.  (We can show the
+ * uncompressed data if we move the compression code to libdex; otherwise
+ * it's too complex to merit a fast & fragile implementation here.)
+ */
+void dumpDifferentialCompressedMap(const u1** pData)
+{
+    const u1* data = *pData;
+    const u1* dataStart = data -1;      // format byte already removed
+    u1 regWidth;
+    u2 numEntries;
+
+    /* standard header */
+    regWidth = *data++;
+    numEntries = *data++;
+    numEntries |= (*data++) << 8;
+
+    /* compressed data begins with the compressed data length */
+    int compressedLen = readUnsignedLeb128(&data);
+    int addrWidth = 1;
+    if ((*data & 0x80) != 0)
+        addrWidth++;
+
+    int origLen = 4 + (addrWidth + regWidth) * numEntries;
+    int compLen = (data - dataStart) + compressedLen;
+
+    printf("        (differential compression %d -> %d [%d -> %d])\n",
+        origLen, compLen,
+        (addrWidth + regWidth) * numEntries, compressedLen);
+
+    /* skip past end of entry */
+    data += compressedLen;
+
+    *pData = data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump register map contents of the current method.
+ *
+ * "*pData" should point to the start of the register map data.  Advances
+ * "*pData" to the start of the next map.
+ */
+void dumpMethodMap(DexFile* pDexFile, const DexMethod* pDexMethod, int idx,
+    const u1** pData)
+{
+    const u1* data = *pData;
+    const DexMethodId* pMethodId;
+    const char* name;
+    int offset = data - (u1*) pDexFile->pOptHeader;
+
+    pMethodId = dexGetMethodId(pDexFile, pDexMethod->methodIdx);
+    name = dexStringById(pDexFile, pMethodId->nameIdx);
+    printf("      #%d: 0x%08x %s\n", idx, offset, name);
+
+    u1 format;
+    int addrWidth;
+
+    format = *data++;
+    if (format == 1) {              /* kRegMapFormatNone */
+        /* no map */
+        printf("        (no map)\n");
+        addrWidth = 0;
+    } else if (format == 2) {       /* kRegMapFormatCompact8 */
+        addrWidth = 1;
+    } else if (format == 3) {       /* kRegMapFormatCompact16 */
+        addrWidth = 2;
+    } else if (format == 4) {       /* kRegMapFormatDifferential */
+        dumpDifferentialCompressedMap(&data);
+        goto bail;
+    } else {
+        printf("        (unknown format %d!)\n", format);
+        /* don't know how to skip data; failure will cascade to end of class */
+        goto bail;
+    }
+
+    if (addrWidth > 0) {
+        u1 regWidth;
+        u2 numEntries;
+        int idx, addr, byte;
+
+        regWidth = *data++;
+        numEntries = *data++;
+        numEntries |= (*data++) << 8;
+
+        for (idx = 0; idx < numEntries; idx++) {
+            addr = *data++;
+            if (addrWidth > 1)
+                addr |= (*data++) << 8;
+
+            printf("        %4x:", addr);
+            for (byte = 0; byte < regWidth; byte++) {
+                printf(" %02x", *data++);
+            }
+            printf("\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+bail:
+    //if (addrWidth >= 0)
+    //    *pData = align32(data);
+    *pData = data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump the contents of the register map area.
+ *
+ * These are only present in optimized DEX files, and the structure is
+ * not really exposed to other parts of the VM itself.  We're going to
+ * dig through them here, but this is pretty fragile.  DO NOT rely on
+ * this or derive other code from it.
+ */
+void dumpRegisterMaps(DexFile* pDexFile)
+{
+    const u1* pClassPool = (const u1*)pDexFile->pRegisterMapPool;
+    const u4* classOffsets;
+    const u1* ptr;
+    u4 numClasses;
+    int baseFileOffset = (u1*) pClassPool - (u1*) pDexFile->pOptHeader;
+    int idx;
+
+    if (pClassPool == NULL) {
+        printf("No register maps found\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ptr = pClassPool;
+    numClasses = get4LE(ptr);
+    ptr += sizeof(u4);
+    classOffsets = (const u4*) ptr;
+
+    printf("RMAP begins at offset 0x%07x\n", baseFileOffset);
+    printf("Maps for %d classes\n", numClasses);
+    for (idx = 0; idx < (int) numClasses; idx++) {
+        const DexClassDef* pClassDef;
+        const char* classDescriptor;
+
+        pClassDef = dexGetClassDef(pDexFile, idx);
+        classDescriptor = dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pClassDef->classIdx);
+
+        printf("%4d: +%d (0x%08x) %s\n", idx, classOffsets[idx],
+            baseFileOffset + classOffsets[idx], classDescriptor);
+
+        if (classOffsets[idx] == 0)
+            continue;
+
+        /*
+         * What follows is a series of RegisterMap entries, one for every
+         * direct method, then one for every virtual method.
+         */
+        DexClassData* pClassData;
+        const u1* pEncodedData;
+        const u1* data = (u1*) pClassPool + classOffsets[idx];
+        u2 methodCount;
+        int i;
+
+        pEncodedData = dexGetClassData(pDexFile, pClassDef);
+        pClassData = dexReadAndVerifyClassData(&pEncodedData, NULL);
+        if (pClassData == NULL) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Trouble reading class data\n");
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        methodCount = *data++;
+        methodCount |= (*data++) << 8;
+        data += 2;      /* two pad bytes follow methodCount */
+        if (methodCount != pClassData->header.directMethodsSize
+                            + pClassData->header.virtualMethodsSize)
+        {
+            printf("NOTE: method count discrepancy (%d != %d + %d)\n",
+                methodCount, pClassData->header.directMethodsSize,
+                pClassData->header.virtualMethodsSize);
+            /* this is bad, but keep going anyway */
+        }
+
+        printf("    direct methods: %d\n",
+            pClassData->header.directMethodsSize);
+        for (i = 0; i < (int) pClassData->header.directMethodsSize; i++) {
+            dumpMethodMap(pDexFile, &pClassData->directMethods[i], i, &data);
+        }
+
+        printf("    virtual methods: %d\n",
+            pClassData->header.virtualMethodsSize);
+        for (i = 0; i < (int) pClassData->header.virtualMethodsSize; i++) {
+            dumpMethodMap(pDexFile, &pClassData->virtualMethods[i], i, &data);
+        }
+
+        free(pClassData);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump the requested sections of the file.
+ */
+void processDexFile(const char* fileName, DexFile* pDexFile)
+{
+    char* package = NULL;
+    int i;
+
+    if (gOptions.verbose) {
+        printf("Opened '%s', DEX version '%.3s'\n", fileName,
+            pDexFile->pHeader->magic +4);
+    }
+
+    if (gOptions.dumpRegisterMaps) {
+        dumpRegisterMaps(pDexFile);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (gOptions.showFileHeaders) {
+        dumpFileHeader(pDexFile);
+        dumpOptDirectory(pDexFile);
+    }
+
+    if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_XML)
+        printf("<api>\n");
+
+    for (i = 0; i < (int) pDexFile->pHeader->classDefsSize; i++) {
+        if (gOptions.showSectionHeaders)
+            dumpClassDef(pDexFile, i);
+
+        dumpClass(pDexFile, i, &package);
+    }
+
+    /* free the last one allocated */
+    if (package != NULL) {
+        printf("</package>\n");
+        free(package);
+    }
+
+    if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_XML)
+        printf("</api>\n");
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Process one file.
+ */
+int process(const char* fileName)
+{
+    DexFile* pDexFile = NULL;
+    MemMapping map;
+    bool mapped = false;
+    int result = -1;
+
+    if (gOptions.verbose)
+        printf("Processing '%s'...\n", fileName);
+
+    if (dexOpenAndMap(fileName, gOptions.tempFileName, &map, false) != 0) {
+        return result;
+    }
+    mapped = true;
+
+    int flags = kDexParseVerifyChecksum;
+    if (gOptions.ignoreBadChecksum)
+        flags |= kDexParseContinueOnError;
+
+    pDexFile = dexFileParse((u1*)map.addr, map.length, flags);
+    if (pDexFile == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: DEX parse failed\n");
+        goto bail;
+    }
+
+    if (gOptions.checksumOnly) {
+        printf("Checksum verified\n");
+    } else {
+        processDexFile(fileName, pDexFile);
+    }
+
+    result = 0;
+
+bail:
+    if (mapped)
+        sysReleaseShmem(&map);
+    if (pDexFile != NULL)
+        dexFileFree(pDexFile);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Show usage.
+ */
+void usage(void)
+{
+    fprintf(stderr, "Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project\n\n");
+    fprintf(stderr,
+        "%s: [-c] [-d] [-f] [-h] [-i] [-l layout] [-m] [-t tempfile] dexfile...\n",
+        gProgName);
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, " -c : verify checksum and exit\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, " -d : disassemble code sections\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, " -f : display summary information from file header\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, " -h : display file header details\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, " -i : ignore checksum failures\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, " -l : output layout, either 'plain' or 'xml'\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, " -m : dump register maps (and nothing else)\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, " -t : temp file name (defaults to /sdcard/dex-temp-*)\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse args.
+ *
+ * I'm not using getopt_long() because we may not have it in libc.
+ */
+int main(int argc, char* const argv[])
+{
+    bool wantUsage = false;
+    int ic;
+
+    memset(&gOptions, 0, sizeof(gOptions));
+    gOptions.verbose = true;
+
+    while (1) {
+        ic = getopt(argc, argv, "cdfhil:mt:");
+        if (ic < 0)
+            break;
+
+        switch (ic) {
+        case 'c':       // verify the checksum then exit
+            gOptions.checksumOnly = true;
+            break;
+        case 'd':       // disassemble Dalvik instructions
+            gOptions.disassemble = true;
+            break;
+        case 'f':       // dump outer file header
+            gOptions.showFileHeaders = true;
+            break;
+        case 'h':       // dump section headers, i.e. all meta-data
+            gOptions.showSectionHeaders = true;
+            break;
+        case 'i':       // continue even if checksum is bad
+            gOptions.ignoreBadChecksum = true;
+            break;
+        case 'l':       // layout
+            if (strcmp(optarg, "plain") == 0) {
+                gOptions.outputFormat = OUTPUT_PLAIN;
+            } else if (strcmp(optarg, "xml") == 0) {
+                gOptions.outputFormat = OUTPUT_XML;
+                gOptions.verbose = false;
+                gOptions.exportsOnly = true;
+            } else {
+                wantUsage = true;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 'm':       // dump register maps only
+            gOptions.dumpRegisterMaps = true;
+            break;
+        case 't':       // temp file, used when opening compressed Jar
+            gOptions.tempFileName = optarg;
+            break;
+        default:
+            wantUsage = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (optind == argc) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: no file specified\n", gProgName);
+        wantUsage = true;
+    }
+
+    if (gOptions.checksumOnly && gOptions.ignoreBadChecksum) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Can't specify both -c and -i\n");
+        wantUsage = true;
+    }
+
+    if (wantUsage) {
+        usage();
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    int result = 0;
+    while (optind < argc) {
+        result |= process(argv[optind++]);
+    }
+
+    return (result != 0);
+}
diff --git a/dexdump/NOTICE b/dexdump/NOTICE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5b1efa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexdump/NOTICE
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+
+   Copyright (c) 2005-2008, The Android Open Source Project
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
diff --git a/dexgen/Android.mk b/dexgen/Android.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59d623a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/Android.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_SDK_VERSION := 4
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
+LOCAL_MODULE := dexgen
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
+
+include $(BUILD_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARY)
+
+include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/dexgen/README.txt b/dexgen/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a542f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Home of dexgen, the dex code generator project. It provides API for
+creating dex classes in runtime which is needed e.g. for class mocking.
+This solution is based on the dx tool and uses its classes extensively.
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/ArrayData.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/ArrayData.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d89a93f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/ArrayData.java
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.*;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.type.Type;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.Hex;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-instruction which holds fill array data.
+ */
+public final class ArrayData extends VariableSizeInsn {
+    /**
+     * {@code non-null;} address representing the instruction that uses this
+     * instance
+     */
+    private final CodeAddress user;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} initial values to be filled into an array */
+    private final ArrayList<Constant> values;
+
+    /** non-null: type of constant that initializes the array */
+    private final Constant arrayType;
+
+    /** Width of the init value element */
+    private final int elemWidth;
+
+    /** Length of the init list */
+    private final int initLength;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     * @param user {@code non-null;} address representing the instruction that
+     * uses this instance
+     * @param values {@code non-null;} initial values to be filled into an array
+     */
+    public ArrayData(SourcePosition position, CodeAddress user,
+                     ArrayList<Constant> values,
+                     Constant arrayType) {
+        super(position, RegisterSpecList.EMPTY);
+
+        if (user == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("user == null");
+        }
+
+        if (values == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("values == null");
+        }
+
+        int sz = values.size();
+
+        if (sz <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal number of init values");
+        }
+
+        this.arrayType = arrayType;
+
+        if (arrayType == CstType.BYTE_ARRAY ||
+                arrayType == CstType.BOOLEAN_ARRAY) {
+            elemWidth = 1;
+        } else if (arrayType == CstType.SHORT_ARRAY ||
+                arrayType == CstType.CHAR_ARRAY) {
+            elemWidth = 2;
+        } else if (arrayType == CstType.INT_ARRAY ||
+                arrayType == CstType.FLOAT_ARRAY) {
+            elemWidth = 4;
+        } else if (arrayType == CstType.LONG_ARRAY ||
+                arrayType == CstType.DOUBLE_ARRAY) {
+            elemWidth = 8;
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected constant type");
+        }
+        this.user = user;
+        this.values = values;
+        initLength = values.size();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        int sz = initLength;
+        // Note: the unit here is 16-bit
+        return 4 + ((sz * elemWidth) + 1) / 2;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out) {
+        int sz = values.size();
+
+        out.writeShort(0x300 | DalvOps.NOP);
+        out.writeShort(elemWidth);
+        out.writeInt(initLength);
+
+
+        // For speed reasons, replicate the for loop in each case
+        switch (elemWidth) {
+            case 1: {
+                for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                    Constant cst = values.get(i);
+                    out.writeByte((byte) ((CstLiteral32) cst).getIntBits());
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case 2: {
+                for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                    Constant cst = values.get(i);
+                    out.writeShort((short) ((CstLiteral32) cst).getIntBits());
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case 4: {
+                for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                    Constant cst = values.get(i);
+                    out.writeInt(((CstLiteral32) cst).getIntBits());
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case 8: {
+                for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                    Constant cst = values.get(i);
+                    out.writeLong(((CstLiteral64) cst).getLongBits());
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        // Pad one byte to make the size of data table multiples of 16-bits
+        if (elemWidth == 1 && (sz % 2 != 0)) {
+            out.writeByte(0x00);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisters(RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        return new ArrayData(getPosition(), user, values, arrayType);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String argString() {
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(100);
+
+        int sz = values.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            sb.append("\n    ");
+            sb.append(i);
+            sb.append(": ");
+            sb.append(values.get(i).toHuman());
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String listingString0(boolean noteIndices) {
+        int baseAddress = user.getAddress();
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(100);
+        int sz = values.size();
+
+        sb.append("array-data // for fill-array-data @ ");
+        sb.append(Hex.u2(baseAddress));
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            sb.append("\n  ");
+            sb.append(i);
+            sb.append(": ");
+            sb.append(values.get(i).toHuman());
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/BlockAddresses.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/BlockAddresses.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa8096e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/BlockAddresses.java
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.BasicBlock;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.BasicBlockList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.Insn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RopMethod;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+
+/**
+ * Container for the set of {@link CodeAddress} instances associated with
+ * the blocks of a particular method. Each block has a corresponding
+ * start address, end address, and last instruction address.
+ */
+public final class BlockAddresses {
+    /** {@code non-null;} array containing addresses for the start of each basic
+     * block (indexed by basic block label) */
+    private final CodeAddress[] starts;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} array containing addresses for the final instruction
+     * of each basic block (indexed by basic block label) */
+    private final CodeAddress[] lasts;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} array containing addresses for the end (just past the
+     * final instruction) of each basic block (indexed by basic block
+     * label) */
+    private final CodeAddress[] ends;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance.
+     *
+     * @param method {@code non-null;} the method to have block addresses for
+     */
+    public BlockAddresses(RopMethod method) {
+        BasicBlockList blocks = method.getBlocks();
+        int maxLabel = blocks.getMaxLabel();
+
+        this.starts = new CodeAddress[maxLabel];
+        this.lasts = new CodeAddress[maxLabel];
+        this.ends = new CodeAddress[maxLabel];
+
+        setupArrays(method);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the instance for the start of the given block.
+     *
+     * @param block {@code non-null;} the block in question
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the appropriate instance
+     */
+    public CodeAddress getStart(BasicBlock block) {
+        return starts[block.getLabel()];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the instance for the start of the block with the given label.
+     *
+     * @param label {@code non-null;} the label of the block in question
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the appropriate instance
+     */
+    public CodeAddress getStart(int label) {
+        return starts[label];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the instance for the final instruction of the given block.
+     *
+     * @param block {@code non-null;} the block in question
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the appropriate instance
+     */
+    public CodeAddress getLast(BasicBlock block) {
+        return lasts[block.getLabel()];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the instance for the final instruction of the block with
+     * the given label.
+     *
+     * @param label {@code non-null;} the label of the block in question
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the appropriate instance
+     */
+    public CodeAddress getLast(int label) {
+        return lasts[label];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the instance for the end (address after the final instruction)
+     * of the given block.
+     *
+     * @param block {@code non-null;} the block in question
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the appropriate instance
+     */
+    public CodeAddress getEnd(BasicBlock block) {
+        return ends[block.getLabel()];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the instance for the end (address after the final instruction)
+     * of the block with the given label.
+     *
+     * @param label {@code non-null;} the label of the block in question
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the appropriate instance
+     */
+    public CodeAddress getEnd(int label) {
+        return ends[label];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets up the address arrays.
+     */
+    private void setupArrays(RopMethod method) {
+        BasicBlockList blocks = method.getBlocks();
+        int sz = blocks.size();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            BasicBlock one = blocks.get(i);
+            int label = one.getLabel();
+            Insn insn = one.getInsns().get(0);
+
+            starts[label] = new CodeAddress(insn.getPosition());
+
+            SourcePosition pos = one.getLastInsn().getPosition();
+
+            lasts[label] = new CodeAddress(pos);
+            ends[label] = new CodeAddress(pos);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CatchBuilder.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CatchBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adb119a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CatchBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.type.Type;
+
+import java.util.HashSet;
+
+/**
+ * Interface for the construction of {@link CatchTable} instances.
+ */
+public interface CatchBuilder {
+    /**
+     * Builds and returns the catch table for this instance.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the constructed table
+     */
+    public CatchTable build();
+
+    /**
+     * Gets whether this instance has any catches at all (either typed
+     * or catch-all).
+     *
+     * @return whether this instance has any catches at all
+     */
+    public boolean hasAnyCatches();
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the set of catch types associated with this instance.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the set of catch types
+     */
+    public HashSet<Type> getCatchTypes();
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CatchHandlerList.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CatchHandlerList.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54200ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CatchHandlerList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstType;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.FixedSizeList;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.Hex;
+
+/**
+ * Ordered list of (exception type, handler address) entries.
+ */
+public final class CatchHandlerList extends FixedSizeList
+        implements Comparable<CatchHandlerList> {
+    /** {@code non-null;} empty instance */
+    public static final CatchHandlerList EMPTY = new CatchHandlerList(0);
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. All indices initially contain {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @param size {@code >= 0;} the size of the list
+     */
+    public CatchHandlerList(int size) {
+        super(size);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the element at the given index. It is an error to call
+     * this with the index for an element which was never set; if you
+     * do that, this will throw {@code NullPointerException}.
+     *
+     * @param n {@code >= 0, < size();} which index
+     * @return {@code non-null;} element at that index
+     */
+    public Entry get(int n) {
+        return (Entry) get0(n);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    public String toHuman() {
+        return toHuman("", "");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the human form of this instance, prefixed on each line
+     * with the string.
+     *
+     * @param prefix {@code non-null;} the prefix for every line
+     * @param header {@code non-null;} the header for the first line (after the
+     * first prefix)
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the human form
+     */
+    public String toHuman(String prefix, String header) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(100);
+        int size = size();
+
+        sb.append(prefix);
+        sb.append(header);
+        sb.append("catch ");
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            Entry entry = get(i);
+
+            if (i != 0) {
+                sb.append(",\n");
+                sb.append(prefix);
+                sb.append("  ");
+            }
+
+            if ((i == (size - 1)) && catchesAll()) {
+                sb.append("<any>");
+            } else {
+                sb.append(entry.getExceptionType().toHuman());
+            }
+
+            sb.append(" -> ");
+            sb.append(Hex.u2or4(entry.getHandler()));
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether or not this instance ends with a "catch-all"
+     * handler.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if this instance ends with a "catch-all"
+     * handler or {@code false} if not
+     */
+    public boolean catchesAll() {
+        int size = size();
+
+        if (size == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Entry last = get(size - 1);
+        return last.getExceptionType().equals(CstType.OBJECT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the entry at the given index.
+     *
+     * @param n {@code >= 0, < size();} which index
+     * @param exceptionType {@code non-null;} type of exception handled
+     * @param handler {@code >= 0;} exception handler address
+     */
+    public void set(int n, CstType exceptionType, int handler) {
+        set0(n, new Entry(exceptionType, handler));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the entry at the given index.
+     *
+     * @param n {@code >= 0, < size();} which index
+     * @param entry {@code non-null;} the entry to set at {@code n}
+     */
+    public void set(int n, Entry entry) {
+        set0(n, entry);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    public int compareTo(CatchHandlerList other) {
+        if (this == other) {
+            // Easy out.
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        int thisSize = size();
+        int otherSize = other.size();
+        int checkSize = Math.min(thisSize, otherSize);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < checkSize; i++) {
+            Entry thisEntry = get(i);
+            Entry otherEntry = other.get(i);
+            int compare = thisEntry.compareTo(otherEntry);
+            if (compare != 0) {
+                return compare;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (thisSize < otherSize) {
+            return -1;
+        } else if (thisSize > otherSize) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Entry in the list.
+     */
+    public static class Entry implements Comparable<Entry> {
+        /** {@code non-null;} type of exception handled */
+        private final CstType exceptionType;
+
+        /** {@code >= 0;} exception handler address */
+        private final int handler;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs an instance.
+         *
+         * @param exceptionType {@code non-null;} type of exception handled
+         * @param handler {@code >= 0;} exception handler address
+         */
+        public Entry(CstType exceptionType, int handler) {
+            if (handler < 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("handler < 0");
+            }
+
+            if (exceptionType == null) {
+                throw new NullPointerException("exceptionType == null");
+            }
+
+            this.handler = handler;
+            this.exceptionType = exceptionType;
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return (handler * 31) + exceptionType.hashCode();
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object other) {
+            if (other instanceof Entry) {
+                return (compareTo((Entry) other) == 0);
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        public int compareTo(Entry other) {
+            if (handler < other.handler) {
+                return -1;
+            } else if (handler > other.handler) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            return exceptionType.compareTo(other.exceptionType);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the exception type handled.
+         *
+         * @return {@code non-null;} the exception type
+         */
+        public CstType getExceptionType() {
+            return exceptionType;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the handler address.
+         *
+         * @return {@code >= 0;} the handler address
+         */
+        public int getHandler() {
+            return handler;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CatchTable.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CatchTable.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4de0da0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CatchTable.java
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstType;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.FixedSizeList;
+
+/**
+ * Table of catch entries. Each entry includes a range of code
+ * addresses for which it is valid and an associated {@link
+ * CatchHandlerList}.
+ */
+public final class CatchTable extends FixedSizeList
+        implements Comparable<CatchTable> {
+    /** {@code non-null;} empty instance */
+    public static final CatchTable EMPTY = new CatchTable(0);
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. All indices initially contain {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @param size {@code >= 0;} the size of the table
+     */
+    public CatchTable(int size) {
+        super(size);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the element at the given index. It is an error to call
+     * this with the index for an element which was never set; if you
+     * do that, this will throw {@code NullPointerException}.
+     *
+     * @param n {@code >= 0, < size();} which index
+     * @return {@code non-null;} element at that index
+     */
+    public Entry get(int n) {
+        return (Entry) get0(n);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the entry at the given index.
+     *
+     * @param n {@code >= 0, < size();} which index
+     * @param entry {@code non-null;} the entry to set at {@code n}
+     */
+    public void set(int n, Entry entry) {
+        set0(n, entry);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    public int compareTo(CatchTable other) {
+        if (this == other) {
+            // Easy out.
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        int thisSize = size();
+        int otherSize = other.size();
+        int checkSize = Math.min(thisSize, otherSize);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < checkSize; i++) {
+            Entry thisEntry = get(i);
+            Entry otherEntry = other.get(i);
+            int compare = thisEntry.compareTo(otherEntry);
+            if (compare != 0) {
+                return compare;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (thisSize < otherSize) {
+            return -1;
+        } else if (thisSize > otherSize) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Entry in a catch list.
+     */
+    public static class Entry implements Comparable<Entry> {
+        /** {@code >= 0;} start address */
+        private final int start;
+
+        /** {@code > start;} end address (exclusive) */
+        private final int end;
+
+        /** {@code non-null;} list of catch handlers */
+        private final CatchHandlerList handlers;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs an instance.
+         *
+         * @param start {@code >= 0;} start address
+         * @param end {@code > start;} end address (exclusive)
+         * @param handlers {@code non-null;} list of catch handlers
+         */
+        public Entry(int start, int end, CatchHandlerList handlers) {
+            if (start < 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("start < 0");
+            }
+
+            if (end <= start) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("end <= start");
+            }
+
+            if (handlers.isMutable()) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("handlers.isMutable()");
+            }
+
+            this.start = start;
+            this.end = end;
+            this.handlers = handlers;
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            int hash = (start * 31) + end;
+            hash = (hash * 31) + handlers.hashCode();
+            return hash;
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object other) {
+            if (other instanceof Entry) {
+                return (compareTo((Entry) other) == 0);
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        public int compareTo(Entry other) {
+            if (start < other.start) {
+                return -1;
+            } else if (start > other.start) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            if (end < other.end) {
+                return -1;
+            } else if (end > other.end) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            return handlers.compareTo(other.handlers);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the start address.
+         *
+         * @return {@code >= 0;} the start address
+         */
+        public int getStart() {
+            return start;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the end address (exclusive).
+         *
+         * @return {@code > start;} the end address (exclusive)
+         */
+        public int getEnd() {
+            return end;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the handlers.
+         *
+         * @return {@code non-null;} the handlers
+         */
+        public CatchHandlerList getHandlers() {
+            return handlers;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CodeAddress.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CodeAddress.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9600ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CodeAddress.java
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-instruction which is used to track an address within a code
+ * array. Instances are used for such things as branch targets and
+ * exception handler ranges. Its code size is zero, and so instances
+ * do not in general directly wind up in any output (either
+ * human-oriented or binary file).
+ */
+public final class CodeAddress extends ZeroSizeInsn {
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     */
+    public CodeAddress(SourcePosition position) {
+        super(position);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public final DalvInsn withRegisters(RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        return new CodeAddress(getPosition());
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String argString() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String listingString0(boolean noteIndices) {
+        return "code-address";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CstInsn.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CstInsn.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..901266b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/CstInsn.java
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction which has a single constant argument in addition
+ * to all the normal instruction information.
+ */
+public final class CstInsn extends FixedSizeInsn {
+    /** {@code non-null;} the constant argument for this instruction */
+    private final Constant constant;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code >= -1;} the constant pool index for {@link #constant}, or
+     * {@code -1} if not yet set
+     */
+    private int index;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code >= -1;} the constant pool index for the class reference in
+     * {@link #constant} if any, or {@code -1} if not yet set
+     */
+    private int classIndex;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is
+     * initially unknown ({@code -1}) as is the constant pool index.
+     *
+     * @param opcode the opcode; one of the constants from {@link Dops}
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     * @param registers {@code non-null;} register list, including a
+     * result register if appropriate (that is, registers may be either
+     * ins or outs)
+     * @param constant {@code non-null;} constant argument
+     */
+    public CstInsn(Dop opcode, SourcePosition position,
+                   RegisterSpecList registers, Constant constant) {
+        super(opcode, position, registers);
+
+        if (constant == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("constant == null");
+        }
+
+        this.constant = constant;
+        this.index = -1;
+        this.classIndex = -1;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withOpcode(Dop opcode) {
+        CstInsn result =
+            new CstInsn(opcode, getPosition(), getRegisters(), constant);
+
+        if (index >= 0) {
+            result.setIndex(index);
+        }
+
+        if (classIndex >= 0) {
+            result.setClassIndex(classIndex);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisters(RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        CstInsn result =
+            new CstInsn(getOpcode(), getPosition(), registers, constant);
+
+        if (index >= 0) {
+            result.setIndex(index);
+        }
+
+        if (classIndex >= 0) {
+            result.setClassIndex(classIndex);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the constant argument.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the constant argument
+     */
+    public Constant getConstant() {
+        return constant;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the constant's index. It is only valid to call this after
+     * {@link #setIndex} has been called.
+     *
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the constant pool index
+     */
+    public int getIndex() {
+        if (index < 0) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("index not yet set for " + constant);
+        }
+
+        return index;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the constant's index has been set for this instance.
+     *
+     * @see #setIndex
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} iff the index has been set
+     */
+    public boolean hasIndex() {
+        return (index >= 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the constant's index. It is only valid to call this method once
+     * per instance.
+     *
+     * @param index {@code >= 0;} the constant pool index
+     */
+    public void setIndex(int index) {
+        if (index < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("index < 0");
+        }
+
+        if (this.index >= 0) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("index already set");
+        }
+
+        this.index = index;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the constant's class index. It is only valid to call this after
+     * {@link #setClassIndex} has been called.
+     *
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the constant's class's constant pool index
+     */
+    public int getClassIndex() {
+        if (classIndex < 0) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("class index not yet set");
+        }
+
+        return classIndex;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the constant's class index has been set for this
+     * instance.
+     *
+     * @see #setClassIndex
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} iff the index has been set
+     */
+    public boolean hasClassIndex() {
+        return (classIndex >= 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the constant's class index. This is the constant pool index
+     * for the class referred to by this instance's constant. Only
+     * reference constants have a class, so it is only on instances
+     * with reference constants that this method should ever be
+     * called. It is only valid to call this method once per instance.
+     *
+     * @param index {@code >= 0;} the constant's class's constant pool index
+     */
+    public void setClassIndex(int index) {
+        if (index < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("index < 0");
+        }
+
+        if (this.classIndex >= 0) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("class index already set");
+        }
+
+        this.classIndex = index;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String argString() {
+        return constant.toHuman();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/DalvCode.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/DalvCode.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2df49ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/DalvCode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.type.Type;
+
+import java.util.HashSet;
+
+/**
+ * Container for all the pieces of a concrete method. Each instance
+ * corresponds to a {@code code} structure in a {@code .dex} file.
+ */
+public final class DalvCode {
+    /**
+     * how much position info to preserve; one of the static
+     * constants in {@link PositionList}
+     */
+    private final int positionInfo;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code null-ok;} the instruction list, ready for final processing;
+     * nulled out in {@link #finishProcessingIfNecessary}
+     */
+    private OutputFinisher unprocessedInsns;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code non-null;} unprocessed catch table;
+     * nulled out in {@link #finishProcessingIfNecessary}
+     */
+    private CatchBuilder unprocessedCatches;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code null-ok;} catch table; set in
+     * {@link #finishProcessingIfNecessary}
+     */
+    private CatchTable catches;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code null-ok;} source positions list; set in
+     * {@link #finishProcessingIfNecessary}
+     */
+    private PositionList positions;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code null-ok;} local variable list; set in
+     * {@link #finishProcessingIfNecessary}
+     */
+    private LocalList locals;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code null-ok;} the processed instruction list; set in
+     * {@link #finishProcessingIfNecessary}
+     */
+    private DalvInsnList insns;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance.
+     *
+     * @param positionInfo how much position info to preserve; one of the
+     * static constants in {@link PositionList}
+     * @param unprocessedInsns {@code non-null;} the instruction list, ready
+     * for final processing
+     * @param unprocessedCatches {@code non-null;} unprocessed catch
+     * (exception handler) table
+     */
+    public DalvCode(int positionInfo, OutputFinisher unprocessedInsns,
+            CatchBuilder unprocessedCatches) {
+        if (unprocessedInsns == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("unprocessedInsns == null");
+        }
+
+        if (unprocessedCatches == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("unprocessedCatches == null");
+        }
+
+        this.positionInfo = positionInfo;
+        this.unprocessedInsns = unprocessedInsns;
+        this.unprocessedCatches = unprocessedCatches;
+        this.catches = null;
+        this.positions = null;
+        this.locals = null;
+        this.insns = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finish up processing of the method.
+     */
+    private void finishProcessingIfNecessary() {
+        if (insns != null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        insns = unprocessedInsns.finishProcessingAndGetList();
+        positions = PositionList.make(insns, positionInfo);
+        locals = LocalList.make(insns);
+        catches = unprocessedCatches.build();
+
+        // Let them be gc'ed.
+        unprocessedInsns = null;
+        unprocessedCatches = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assign indices in all instructions that need them, using the
+     * given callback to perform lookups. This must be called before
+     * {@link #getInsns}.
+     *
+     * @param callback {@code non-null;} callback object
+     */
+    public void assignIndices(AssignIndicesCallback callback) {
+        unprocessedInsns.assignIndices(callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets whether this instance has any position data to represent.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} iff this instance has any position
+     * data to represent
+     */
+    public boolean hasPositions() {
+        return (positionInfo != PositionList.NONE)
+            && unprocessedInsns.hasAnyPositionInfo();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets whether this instance has any local variable data to represent.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} iff this instance has any local variable
+     * data to represent
+     */
+    public boolean hasLocals() {
+        return unprocessedInsns.hasAnyLocalInfo();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets whether this instance has any catches at all (either typed
+     * or catch-all).
+     *
+     * @return whether this instance has any catches at all
+     */
+    public boolean hasAnyCatches() {
+        return unprocessedCatches.hasAnyCatches();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the set of catch types handled anywhere in the code.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the set of catch types
+     */
+    public HashSet<Type> getCatchTypes() {
+        return unprocessedCatches.getCatchTypes();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the set of all constants referred to by instructions in
+     * the code.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the set of constants
+     */
+    public HashSet<Constant> getInsnConstants() {
+        return unprocessedInsns.getAllConstants();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the list of instructions.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the instruction list
+     */
+    public DalvInsnList getInsns() {
+        finishProcessingIfNecessary();
+        return insns;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the catch (exception handler) table.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the catch table
+     */
+    public CatchTable getCatches() {
+        finishProcessingIfNecessary();
+        return catches;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the source positions list.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the source positions list
+     */
+    public PositionList getPositions() {
+        finishProcessingIfNecessary();
+        return positions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the source positions list.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the source positions list
+     */
+    public LocalList getLocals() {
+        finishProcessingIfNecessary();
+        return locals;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class used as a callback for {@link #assignIndices}.
+     */
+    public static interface AssignIndicesCallback {
+        /**
+         * Gets the index for the given constant.
+         *
+         * @param cst {@code non-null;} the constant
+         * @return {@code >= -1;} the index or {@code -1} if the constant
+         * shouldn't actually be reified with an index
+         */
+        public int getIndex(Constant cst);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/DalvInsn.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/DalvInsn.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95b5feb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/DalvInsn.java
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.Hex;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.TwoColumnOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for Dalvik instructions.
+ */
+public abstract class DalvInsn {
+    /**
+     * the actual output address of this instance, if known, or
+     * {@code -1} if not
+     */
+    private int address;
+
+    /** the opcode; one of the constants from {@link Dops} */
+    private final Dop opcode;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} source position */
+    private final SourcePosition position;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} list of register arguments */
+    private final RegisterSpecList registers;
+
+    /**
+     * Makes a move instruction, appropriate and ideal for the given arguments.
+     *
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position information
+     * @param dest {@code non-null;} destination register
+     * @param src {@code non-null;} source register
+     * @return {@code non-null;} an appropriately-constructed instance
+     */
+    public static SimpleInsn makeMove(SourcePosition position,
+            RegisterSpec dest, RegisterSpec src) {
+        boolean category1 = dest.getCategory() == 1;
+        boolean reference = dest.getType().isReference();
+        int destReg = dest.getReg();
+        int srcReg = src.getReg();
+        Dop opcode;
+
+        if ((srcReg | destReg) < 16) {
+            opcode = reference ? Dops.MOVE_OBJECT :
+                (category1 ? Dops.MOVE : Dops.MOVE_WIDE);
+        } else if (destReg < 256) {
+            opcode = reference ? Dops.MOVE_OBJECT_FROM16 :
+                (category1 ? Dops.MOVE_FROM16 : Dops.MOVE_WIDE_FROM16);
+        } else {
+            opcode = reference ? Dops.MOVE_OBJECT_16 :
+                (category1 ? Dops.MOVE_16 : Dops.MOVE_WIDE_16);
+        }
+
+        return new SimpleInsn(opcode, position,
+                              RegisterSpecList.make(dest, src));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * <p><b>Note:</b> In the unlikely event that an instruction takes
+     * absolutely no registers (e.g., a {@code nop} or a
+     * no-argument no-result static method call), then the given
+     * register list may be passed as {@link
+     * RegisterSpecList#EMPTY}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param opcode the opcode; one of the constants from {@link Dops}
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     * @param registers {@code non-null;} register list, including a
+     * result register if appropriate (that is, registers may be either
+     * ins and outs)
+     */
+    public DalvInsn(Dop opcode, SourcePosition position,
+                    RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        if (opcode == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("opcode == null");
+        }
+
+        if (position == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("position == null");
+        }
+
+        if (registers == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("registers == null");
+        }
+
+        this.address = -1;
+        this.opcode = opcode;
+        this.position = position;
+        this.registers = registers;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public final String toString() {
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(100);
+
+        sb.append(identifierString());
+        sb.append(' ');
+        sb.append(position);
+
+        sb.append(": ");
+        sb.append(opcode.getName());
+
+        boolean needComma = false;
+        if (registers.size() != 0) {
+            sb.append(registers.toHuman(" ", ", ", null));
+            needComma = true;
+        }
+
+        String extra = argString();
+        if (extra != null) {
+            if (needComma) {
+                sb.append(',');
+            }
+            sb.append(' ');
+            sb.append(extra);
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the address of this instruction is known.
+     *
+     * @see #getAddress
+     * @see #setAddress
+     */
+    public final boolean hasAddress() {
+        return (address >= 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the output address of this instruction, if it is known. This throws
+     * a {@code RuntimeException} if it has not yet been set.
+     *
+     * @see #setAddress
+     *
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the output address
+     */
+    public final int getAddress() {
+        if (address < 0) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("address not yet known");
+        }
+
+        return address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the opcode.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the opcode
+     */
+    public final Dop getOpcode() {
+        return opcode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the source position.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the source position
+     */
+    public final SourcePosition getPosition() {
+        return position;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the register list for this instruction.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the registers
+     */
+    public final RegisterSpecList getRegisters() {
+        return registers;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether this instance's opcode uses a result register.
+     * This method is a convenient shorthand for
+     * {@code getOpcode().hasResult()}.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} iff this opcode uses a result register
+     */
+    public final boolean hasResult() {
+        return opcode.hasResult();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the minimum distinct registers required for this instruction.
+     * This assumes that the result (if any) can share registers with the
+     * sources (if any), that each source register is unique, and that
+     * (to be explicit here) category-2 values take up two consecutive
+     * registers.
+     *
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the minimum distinct register requirement
+     */
+    public final int getMinimumRegisterRequirement() {
+        boolean hasResult = hasResult();
+        int regSz = registers.size();
+        int resultRequirement = hasResult ? registers.get(0).getCategory() : 0;
+        int sourceRequirement = 0;
+
+        for (int i = hasResult ? 1 : 0; i < regSz; i++) {
+            sourceRequirement += registers.get(i).getCategory();
+        }
+
+        return Math.max(sourceRequirement, resultRequirement);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the instruction prefix required, if any, to use in a high
+     * register transformed version of this instance.
+     *
+     * @see #hrVersion
+     *
+     * @return {@code null-ok;} the prefix, if any
+     */
+    public DalvInsn hrPrefix() {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = registers;
+        int sz = regs.size();
+
+        if (hasResult()) {
+            if (sz == 1) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            regs = regs.withoutFirst();
+        } else if (sz == 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return new HighRegisterPrefix(position, regs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the instruction suffix required, if any, to use in a high
+     * register transformed version of this instance.
+     *
+     * @see #hrVersion
+     *
+     * @return {@code null-ok;} the suffix, if any
+     */
+    public DalvInsn hrSuffix() {
+        if (hasResult()) {
+            RegisterSpec r = registers.get(0);
+            return makeMove(position, r, r.withReg(0));
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the instruction that is equivalent to this one, except that
+     * uses sequential registers starting at {@code 0} (storing
+     * the result, if any, in register {@code 0} as well). The
+     * sequence of instructions from {@link #hrPrefix} and {@link
+     * #hrSuffix} (if non-null) surrounding the result of a call to
+     * this method are the high register transformation of this
+     * instance, and it is guaranteed that the number of low registers
+     * used will be the number returned by {@link
+     * #getMinimumRegisterRequirement}.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the replacement
+     */
+    public DalvInsn hrVersion() {
+        RegisterSpecList regs =
+            registers.withSequentialRegisters(0, hasResult());
+        return withRegisters(regs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the short identifier for this instruction. This is its
+     * address, if assigned, or its identity hashcode if not.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the identifier
+     */
+    public final String identifierString() {
+        if (address != -1) {
+            return String.format("%04x", address);
+        }
+
+        return Hex.u4(System.identityHashCode(this));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the string form of this instance suitable for inclusion in
+     * a human-oriented listing dump. This method will return {@code null}
+     * if this instance should not appear in a listing.
+     *
+     * @param prefix {@code non-null;} prefix before the address; each follow-on
+     * line will be indented to match as well
+     * @param width {@code >= 0;} the width of the output or {@code 0} for
+     * unlimited width
+     * @param noteIndices whether to include an explicit notation of
+     * constant pool indices
+     * @return {@code null-ok;} the string form or {@code null} if this
+     * instance should not appear in a listing
+     */
+    public final String listingString(String prefix, int width,
+            boolean noteIndices) {
+        String insnPerSe = listingString0(noteIndices);
+
+        if (insnPerSe == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        String addr = prefix + identifierString() + ": ";
+        int w1 = addr.length();
+        int w2 = (width == 0) ? insnPerSe.length() : (width - w1);
+
+        return TwoColumnOutput.toString(addr, w1, "", insnPerSe, w2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the output address.
+     *
+     * @param address {@code >= 0;} the output address
+     */
+    public final void setAddress(int address) {
+        if (address < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("address < 0");
+        }
+
+        this.address = address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the address immediately after this instance. This is only
+     * calculable if this instance's address is known, and it is equal
+     * to the address plus the length of the instruction format of this
+     * instance's opcode.
+     *
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the next address
+     */
+    public final int getNextAddress() {
+        return getAddress() + codeSize();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the size of this instruction, in 16-bit code units.
+     *
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the code size of this instruction
+     */
+    public abstract int codeSize();
+
+    /**
+     * Writes this instance to the given output. This method should
+     * never annotate the output.
+     *
+     * @param out {@code non-null;} where to write to
+     */
+    public abstract void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an instance that is just like this one, except that its
+     * opcode is replaced by the one given, and its address is reset.
+     *
+     * @param opcode {@code non-null;} the new opcode
+     * @return {@code non-null;} an appropriately-constructed instance
+     */
+    public abstract DalvInsn withOpcode(Dop opcode);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an instance that is just like this one, except that all
+     * register references have been offset by the given delta, and its
+     * address is reset.
+     *
+     * @param delta the amount to offset register references by
+     * @return {@code non-null;} an appropriately-constructed instance
+     */
+    public abstract DalvInsn withRegisterOffset(int delta);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an instance that is just like this one, except that the
+     * register list is replaced by the given one, and its address is
+     * reset.
+     *
+     * @param registers {@code non-null;} new register list
+     * @return {@code non-null;} an appropriately-constructed instance
+     */
+    public abstract DalvInsn withRegisters(RegisterSpecList registers);
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the string form for any arguments to this instance. Subclasses
+     * must override this.
+     *
+     * @return {@code null-ok;} the string version of any arguments or
+     * {@code null} if there are none
+     */
+    protected abstract String argString();
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #listingString}, which returns the string
+     * form of this instance suitable for inclusion in a
+     * human-oriented listing dump, not including the instruction
+     * address and without respect for any output formatting. This
+     * method should return {@code null} if this instance should
+     * not appear in a listing.
+     *
+     * @param noteIndices whether to include an explicit notation of
+     * constant pool indices
+     * @return {@code null-ok;} the listing string
+     */
+    protected abstract String listingString0(boolean noteIndices);
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/DalvInsnList.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/DalvInsnList.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15f82c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/DalvInsnList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstBaseMethodRef;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.ExceptionWithContext;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.FixedSizeList;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.IndentingWriter;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+/**
+ * List of {@link DalvInsn} instances.
+ */
+public final class DalvInsnList extends FixedSizeList {
+
+    /**
+     * The amount of register space, in register units, required for this
+     * code block. This may be greater than the largest observed register+
+     * category because the method this code block exists in may
+     * specify arguments that are unused by the method.
+     */
+    private final int regCount;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs and returns an immutable instance whose elements are
+     * identical to the ones in the given list, in the same order.
+     *
+     * @param list {@code non-null;} the list to use for elements
+     * @param regCount count, in register-units, of the number of registers
+     * this code block requires.
+     * @return {@code non-null;} an appropriately-constructed instance of this
+     * class
+     */
+    public static DalvInsnList makeImmutable(ArrayList<DalvInsn> list,
+            int regCount) {
+        int size = list.size();
+        DalvInsnList result = new DalvInsnList(size, regCount);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            result.set(i, list.get(i));
+        }
+
+        result.setImmutable();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. All indices initially contain {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @param size the size of the list
+     */
+    public DalvInsnList(int size, int regCount) {
+        super(size);
+        this.regCount = regCount;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the element at the given index. It is an error to call
+     * this with the index for an element which was never set; if you
+     * do that, this will throw {@code NullPointerException}.
+     *
+     * @param n {@code >= 0, < size();} which index
+     * @return {@code non-null;} element at that index
+     */
+    public DalvInsn get(int n) {
+        return (DalvInsn) get0(n);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the instruction at the given index.
+     *
+     * @param n {@code >= 0, < size();} which index
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction to set at {@code n}
+     */
+    public void set(int n, DalvInsn insn) {
+        set0(n, insn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the size of this instance, in 16-bit code units. This will only
+     * return a meaningful result if the instructions in this instance all
+     * have valid addresses.
+     *
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the size
+     */
+    public int codeSize() {
+        int sz = size();
+
+        if (sz == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        DalvInsn last = get(sz - 1);
+        return last.getNextAddress();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes all the instructions in this instance to the given output
+     * destination.
+     *
+     * @param out {@code non-null;} where to write to
+     */
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out) {
+        int startCursor = out.getCursor();
+        int sz = size();
+
+        if (out.annotates()) {
+            boolean verbose = out.isVerbose();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                DalvInsn insn = (DalvInsn) get0(i);
+                int codeBytes = insn.codeSize() * 2;
+                String s;
+
+                if ((codeBytes != 0) || verbose) {
+                    s = insn.listingString("  ", out.getAnnotationWidth(),
+                            true);
+                } else {
+                    s = null;
+                }
+
+                if (s != null) {
+                    out.annotate(codeBytes, s);
+                } else if (codeBytes != 0) {
+                    out.annotate(codeBytes, "");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            DalvInsn insn = (DalvInsn) get0(i);
+            try {
+                insn.writeTo(out);
+            } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
+                throw ExceptionWithContext.withContext(ex,
+                        "...while writing " + insn);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Sanity check of the amount written.
+        int written = (out.getCursor() - startCursor) / 2;
+        if (written != codeSize()) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("write length mismatch; expected " +
+                    codeSize() + " but actually wrote " + written);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the minimum required register count implied by this
+     * instance.  This includes any unused parameters that could
+     * potentially be at the top of the register space.
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the required registers size
+     */
+    public int getRegistersSize() {
+        return regCount;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the size of the outgoing arguments area required by this
+     * method. This is equal to the largest argument word count of any
+     * method referred to by this instance.
+     *
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the required outgoing arguments size
+     */
+    public int getOutsSize() {
+        int sz = size();
+        int result = 0;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            DalvInsn insn = (DalvInsn) get0(i);
+
+            if (!(insn instanceof CstInsn)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            Constant cst = ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+
+            if (!(cst instanceof CstBaseMethodRef)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            boolean isStatic =
+                (insn.getOpcode().getFamily() == DalvOps.INVOKE_STATIC);
+            int count =
+                ((CstBaseMethodRef) cst).getParameterWordCount(isStatic);
+
+            if (count > result) {
+                result = count;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does a human-friendly dump of this instance.
+     *
+     * @param out {@code non-null;} where to dump
+     * @param prefix {@code non-null;} prefix to attach to each line of output
+     * @param verbose whether to be verbose; verbose output includes
+     * lines for zero-size instructions and explicit constant pool indices
+     */
+    public void debugPrint(Writer out, String prefix, boolean verbose) {
+        IndentingWriter iw = new IndentingWriter(out, 0, prefix);
+        int sz = size();
+
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                DalvInsn insn = (DalvInsn) get0(i);
+                String s;
+
+                if ((insn.codeSize() != 0) || verbose) {
+                    s = insn.listingString("", 0, verbose);
+                } else {
+                    s = null;
+                }
+
+                if (s != null) {
+                    iw.write(s);
+                }
+            }
+
+            iw.flush();
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does a human-friendly dump of this instance.
+     *
+     * @param out {@code non-null;} where to dump
+     * @param prefix {@code non-null;} prefix to attach to each line of output
+     * @param verbose whether to be verbose; verbose output includes
+     * lines for zero-size instructions
+     */
+    public void debugPrint(OutputStream out, String prefix, boolean verbose) {
+        Writer w = new OutputStreamWriter(out);
+        debugPrint(w, prefix, verbose);
+
+        try {
+            w.flush();
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/DalvOps.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/DalvOps.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d051ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/DalvOps.java
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+/**
+ * All the Dalvik opcode value constants. See the related spec
+ * document for the meaning and instruction format of each opcode.
+ */
+public final class DalvOps {
+    /** pseudo-opcode used for nonstandard format "instructions" */
+    public static final int SPECIAL_FORMAT = -1;
+
+    /** minimum valid opcode value */
+    public static final int MIN_VALUE = -1;
+
+    /** maximum valid opcode value */
+    public static final int MAX_VALUE = 0xff;
+
+    // BEGIN(opcodes); GENERATED AUTOMATICALLY BY opcode-gen
+    public static final int NOP = 0x00;
+    public static final int MOVE = 0x01;
+    public static final int MOVE_FROM16 = 0x02;
+    public static final int MOVE_16 = 0x03;
+    public static final int MOVE_WIDE = 0x04;
+    public static final int MOVE_WIDE_FROM16 = 0x05;
+    public static final int MOVE_WIDE_16 = 0x06;
+    public static final int MOVE_OBJECT = 0x07;
+    public static final int MOVE_OBJECT_FROM16 = 0x08;
+    public static final int MOVE_OBJECT_16 = 0x09;
+    public static final int MOVE_RESULT = 0x0a;
+    public static final int MOVE_RESULT_WIDE = 0x0b;
+    public static final int MOVE_RESULT_OBJECT = 0x0c;
+    public static final int MOVE_EXCEPTION = 0x0d;
+    public static final int RETURN_VOID = 0x0e;
+    public static final int RETURN = 0x0f;
+    public static final int RETURN_WIDE = 0x10;
+    public static final int RETURN_OBJECT = 0x11;
+    public static final int CONST_4 = 0x12;
+    public static final int CONST_16 = 0x13;
+    public static final int CONST = 0x14;
+    public static final int CONST_HIGH16 = 0x15;
+    public static final int CONST_WIDE_16 = 0x16;
+    public static final int CONST_WIDE_32 = 0x17;
+    public static final int CONST_WIDE = 0x18;
+    public static final int CONST_WIDE_HIGH16 = 0x19;
+    public static final int CONST_STRING = 0x1a;
+    public static final int CONST_STRING_JUMBO = 0x1b;
+    public static final int CONST_CLASS = 0x1c;
+    public static final int MONITOR_ENTER = 0x1d;
+    public static final int MONITOR_EXIT = 0x1e;
+    public static final int CHECK_CAST = 0x1f;
+    public static final int INSTANCE_OF = 0x20;
+    public static final int ARRAY_LENGTH = 0x21;
+    public static final int NEW_INSTANCE = 0x22;
+    public static final int NEW_ARRAY = 0x23;
+    public static final int FILLED_NEW_ARRAY = 0x24;
+    public static final int FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_RANGE = 0x25;
+    public static final int FILL_ARRAY_DATA = 0x26;
+    public static final int THROW = 0x27;
+    public static final int GOTO = 0x28;
+    public static final int GOTO_16 = 0x29;
+    public static final int GOTO_32 = 0x2a;
+    public static final int PACKED_SWITCH = 0x2b;
+    public static final int SPARSE_SWITCH = 0x2c;
+    public static final int CMPL_FLOAT = 0x2d;
+    public static final int CMPG_FLOAT = 0x2e;
+    public static final int CMPL_DOUBLE = 0x2f;
+    public static final int CMPG_DOUBLE = 0x30;
+    public static final int CMP_LONG = 0x31;
+    public static final int IF_EQ = 0x32;
+    public static final int IF_NE = 0x33;
+    public static final int IF_LT = 0x34;
+    public static final int IF_GE = 0x35;
+    public static final int IF_GT = 0x36;
+    public static final int IF_LE = 0x37;
+    public static final int IF_EQZ = 0x38;
+    public static final int IF_NEZ = 0x39;
+    public static final int IF_LTZ = 0x3a;
+    public static final int IF_GEZ = 0x3b;
+    public static final int IF_GTZ = 0x3c;
+    public static final int IF_LEZ = 0x3d;
+    public static final int UNUSED_3E = 0x3e;
+    public static final int UNUSED_3F = 0x3f;
+    public static final int UNUSED_40 = 0x40;
+    public static final int UNUSED_41 = 0x41;
+    public static final int UNUSED_42 = 0x42;
+    public static final int UNUSED_43 = 0x43;
+    public static final int AGET = 0x44;
+    public static final int AGET_WIDE = 0x45;
+    public static final int AGET_OBJECT = 0x46;
+    public static final int AGET_BOOLEAN = 0x47;
+    public static final int AGET_BYTE = 0x48;
+    public static final int AGET_CHAR = 0x49;
+    public static final int AGET_SHORT = 0x4a;
+    public static final int APUT = 0x4b;
+    public static final int APUT_WIDE = 0x4c;
+    public static final int APUT_OBJECT = 0x4d;
+    public static final int APUT_BOOLEAN = 0x4e;
+    public static final int APUT_BYTE = 0x4f;
+    public static final int APUT_CHAR = 0x50;
+    public static final int APUT_SHORT = 0x51;
+    public static final int IGET = 0x52;
+    public static final int IGET_WIDE = 0x53;
+    public static final int IGET_OBJECT = 0x54;
+    public static final int IGET_BOOLEAN = 0x55;
+    public static final int IGET_BYTE = 0x56;
+    public static final int IGET_CHAR = 0x57;
+    public static final int IGET_SHORT = 0x58;
+    public static final int IPUT = 0x59;
+    public static final int IPUT_WIDE = 0x5a;
+    public static final int IPUT_OBJECT = 0x5b;
+    public static final int IPUT_BOOLEAN = 0x5c;
+    public static final int IPUT_BYTE = 0x5d;
+    public static final int IPUT_CHAR = 0x5e;
+    public static final int IPUT_SHORT = 0x5f;
+    public static final int SGET = 0x60;
+    public static final int SGET_WIDE = 0x61;
+    public static final int SGET_OBJECT = 0x62;
+    public static final int SGET_BOOLEAN = 0x63;
+    public static final int SGET_BYTE = 0x64;
+    public static final int SGET_CHAR = 0x65;
+    public static final int SGET_SHORT = 0x66;
+    public static final int SPUT = 0x67;
+    public static final int SPUT_WIDE = 0x68;
+    public static final int SPUT_OBJECT = 0x69;
+    public static final int SPUT_BOOLEAN = 0x6a;
+    public static final int SPUT_BYTE = 0x6b;
+    public static final int SPUT_CHAR = 0x6c;
+    public static final int SPUT_SHORT = 0x6d;
+    public static final int INVOKE_VIRTUAL = 0x6e;
+    public static final int INVOKE_SUPER = 0x6f;
+    public static final int INVOKE_DIRECT = 0x70;
+    public static final int INVOKE_STATIC = 0x71;
+    public static final int INVOKE_INTERFACE = 0x72;
+    public static final int UNUSED_73 = 0x73;
+    public static final int INVOKE_VIRTUAL_RANGE = 0x74;
+    public static final int INVOKE_SUPER_RANGE = 0x75;
+    public static final int INVOKE_DIRECT_RANGE = 0x76;
+    public static final int INVOKE_STATIC_RANGE = 0x77;
+    public static final int INVOKE_INTERFACE_RANGE = 0x78;
+    public static final int UNUSED_79 = 0x79;
+    public static final int UNUSED_7A = 0x7a;
+    public static final int NEG_INT = 0x7b;
+    public static final int NOT_INT = 0x7c;
+    public static final int NEG_LONG = 0x7d;
+    public static final int NOT_LONG = 0x7e;
+    public static final int NEG_FLOAT = 0x7f;
+    public static final int NEG_DOUBLE = 0x80;
+    public static final int INT_TO_LONG = 0x81;
+    public static final int INT_TO_FLOAT = 0x82;
+    public static final int INT_TO_DOUBLE = 0x83;
+    public static final int LONG_TO_INT = 0x84;
+    public static final int LONG_TO_FLOAT = 0x85;
+    public static final int LONG_TO_DOUBLE = 0x86;
+    public static final int FLOAT_TO_INT = 0x87;
+    public static final int FLOAT_TO_LONG = 0x88;
+    public static final int FLOAT_TO_DOUBLE = 0x89;
+    public static final int DOUBLE_TO_INT = 0x8a;
+    public static final int DOUBLE_TO_LONG = 0x8b;
+    public static final int DOUBLE_TO_FLOAT = 0x8c;
+    public static final int INT_TO_BYTE = 0x8d;
+    public static final int INT_TO_CHAR = 0x8e;
+    public static final int INT_TO_SHORT = 0x8f;
+    public static final int ADD_INT = 0x90;
+    public static final int SUB_INT = 0x91;
+    public static final int MUL_INT = 0x92;
+    public static final int DIV_INT = 0x93;
+    public static final int REM_INT = 0x94;
+    public static final int AND_INT = 0x95;
+    public static final int OR_INT = 0x96;
+    public static final int XOR_INT = 0x97;
+    public static final int SHL_INT = 0x98;
+    public static final int SHR_INT = 0x99;
+    public static final int USHR_INT = 0x9a;
+    public static final int ADD_LONG = 0x9b;
+    public static final int SUB_LONG = 0x9c;
+    public static final int MUL_LONG = 0x9d;
+    public static final int DIV_LONG = 0x9e;
+    public static final int REM_LONG = 0x9f;
+    public static final int AND_LONG = 0xa0;
+    public static final int OR_LONG = 0xa1;
+    public static final int XOR_LONG = 0xa2;
+    public static final int SHL_LONG = 0xa3;
+    public static final int SHR_LONG = 0xa4;
+    public static final int USHR_LONG = 0xa5;
+    public static final int ADD_FLOAT = 0xa6;
+    public static final int SUB_FLOAT = 0xa7;
+    public static final int MUL_FLOAT = 0xa8;
+    public static final int DIV_FLOAT = 0xa9;
+    public static final int REM_FLOAT = 0xaa;
+    public static final int ADD_DOUBLE = 0xab;
+    public static final int SUB_DOUBLE = 0xac;
+    public static final int MUL_DOUBLE = 0xad;
+    public static final int DIV_DOUBLE = 0xae;
+    public static final int REM_DOUBLE = 0xaf;
+    public static final int ADD_INT_2ADDR = 0xb0;
+    public static final int SUB_INT_2ADDR = 0xb1;
+    public static final int MUL_INT_2ADDR = 0xb2;
+    public static final int DIV_INT_2ADDR = 0xb3;
+    public static final int REM_INT_2ADDR = 0xb4;
+    public static final int AND_INT_2ADDR = 0xb5;
+    public static final int OR_INT_2ADDR = 0xb6;
+    public static final int XOR_INT_2ADDR = 0xb7;
+    public static final int SHL_INT_2ADDR = 0xb8;
+    public static final int SHR_INT_2ADDR = 0xb9;
+    public static final int USHR_INT_2ADDR = 0xba;
+    public static final int ADD_LONG_2ADDR = 0xbb;
+    public static final int SUB_LONG_2ADDR = 0xbc;
+    public static final int MUL_LONG_2ADDR = 0xbd;
+    public static final int DIV_LONG_2ADDR = 0xbe;
+    public static final int REM_LONG_2ADDR = 0xbf;
+    public static final int AND_LONG_2ADDR = 0xc0;
+    public static final int OR_LONG_2ADDR = 0xc1;
+    public static final int XOR_LONG_2ADDR = 0xc2;
+    public static final int SHL_LONG_2ADDR = 0xc3;
+    public static final int SHR_LONG_2ADDR = 0xc4;
+    public static final int USHR_LONG_2ADDR = 0xc5;
+    public static final int ADD_FLOAT_2ADDR = 0xc6;
+    public static final int SUB_FLOAT_2ADDR = 0xc7;
+    public static final int MUL_FLOAT_2ADDR = 0xc8;
+    public static final int DIV_FLOAT_2ADDR = 0xc9;
+    public static final int REM_FLOAT_2ADDR = 0xca;
+    public static final int ADD_DOUBLE_2ADDR = 0xcb;
+    public static final int SUB_DOUBLE_2ADDR = 0xcc;
+    public static final int MUL_DOUBLE_2ADDR = 0xcd;
+    public static final int DIV_DOUBLE_2ADDR = 0xce;
+    public static final int REM_DOUBLE_2ADDR = 0xcf;
+    public static final int ADD_INT_LIT16 = 0xd0;
+    public static final int RSUB_INT = 0xd1;
+    public static final int MUL_INT_LIT16 = 0xd2;
+    public static final int DIV_INT_LIT16 = 0xd3;
+    public static final int REM_INT_LIT16 = 0xd4;
+    public static final int AND_INT_LIT16 = 0xd5;
+    public static final int OR_INT_LIT16 = 0xd6;
+    public static final int XOR_INT_LIT16 = 0xd7;
+    public static final int ADD_INT_LIT8 = 0xd8;
+    public static final int RSUB_INT_LIT8 = 0xd9;
+    public static final int MUL_INT_LIT8 = 0xda;
+    public static final int DIV_INT_LIT8 = 0xdb;
+    public static final int REM_INT_LIT8 = 0xdc;
+    public static final int AND_INT_LIT8 = 0xdd;
+    public static final int OR_INT_LIT8 = 0xde;
+    public static final int XOR_INT_LIT8 = 0xdf;
+    public static final int SHL_INT_LIT8 = 0xe0;
+    public static final int SHR_INT_LIT8 = 0xe1;
+    public static final int USHR_INT_LIT8 = 0xe2;
+    public static final int UNUSED_E3 = 0xe3;
+    public static final int UNUSED_E4 = 0xe4;
+    public static final int UNUSED_E5 = 0xe5;
+    public static final int UNUSED_E6 = 0xe6;
+    public static final int UNUSED_E7 = 0xe7;
+    public static final int UNUSED_E8 = 0xe8;
+    public static final int UNUSED_E9 = 0xe9;
+    public static final int UNUSED_EA = 0xea;
+    public static final int UNUSED_EB = 0xeb;
+    public static final int UNUSED_EC = 0xec;
+    public static final int UNUSED_ED = 0xed;
+    public static final int UNUSED_EE = 0xee;
+    public static final int UNUSED_EF = 0xef;
+    public static final int UNUSED_F0 = 0xf0;
+    public static final int UNUSED_F1 = 0xf1;
+    public static final int UNUSED_F2 = 0xf2;
+    public static final int UNUSED_F3 = 0xf3;
+    public static final int UNUSED_F4 = 0xf4;
+    public static final int UNUSED_F5 = 0xf5;
+    public static final int UNUSED_F6 = 0xf6;
+    public static final int UNUSED_F7 = 0xf7;
+    public static final int UNUSED_F8 = 0xf8;
+    public static final int UNUSED_F9 = 0xf9;
+    public static final int UNUSED_FA = 0xfa;
+    public static final int UNUSED_FB = 0xfb;
+    public static final int UNUSED_FC = 0xfc;
+    public static final int UNUSED_FD = 0xfd;
+    public static final int UNUSED_FE = 0xfe;
+    public static final int UNUSED_FF = 0xff;
+    // END(opcodes)
+
+    /**
+     * This class is uninstantiable.
+     */
+    private DalvOps() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/Dop.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/Dop.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc788f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/Dop.java
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+/**
+ * Representation of an opcode.
+ */
+public final class Dop {
+    /** DalvOps.MIN_VALUE..DalvOps.MAX_VALUE; the opcode value itself */
+    private final int opcode;
+
+    /** DalvOps.MIN_VALUE..DalvOps.MAX_VALUE; the opcode family */
+    private final int family;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} the instruction format */
+    private final InsnFormat format;
+
+    /** whether this opcode uses a result register */
+    private final boolean hasResult;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} the name */
+    private final String name;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance.
+     *
+     * @param opcode {@code DalvOps.MIN_VALUE..DalvOps.MAX_VALUE;} the opcode
+     * value itself
+     * @param family {@code DalvOps.MIN_VALUE..DalvOps.MAX_VALUE;} the opcode family
+     * @param format {@code non-null;} the instruction format
+     * @param hasResult whether the opcode has a result register; if so it
+     * is always the first register
+     * @param name {@code non-null;} the name
+     */
+    public Dop(int opcode, int family, InsnFormat format,
+               boolean hasResult, String name) {
+        if ((opcode < DalvOps.MIN_VALUE) || (opcode > DalvOps.MAX_VALUE)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("bogus opcode");
+        }
+
+        if ((family < DalvOps.MIN_VALUE) || (family > DalvOps.MAX_VALUE)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("bogus family");
+        }
+
+        if (format == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("format == null");
+        }
+
+        if (name == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("name == null");
+        }
+
+        this.opcode = opcode;
+        this.family = family;
+        this.format = format;
+        this.hasResult = hasResult;
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the opcode value.
+     *
+     * @return {@code DalvOps.MIN_VALUE..DalvOps.MAX_VALUE;} the opcode value
+     */
+    public int getOpcode() {
+        return opcode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the opcode family. The opcode family is the unmarked (no
+     * "/...") opcode that has equivalent semantics to this one.
+     *
+     * @return {@code DalvOps.MIN_VALUE..DalvOps.MAX_VALUE;} the opcode family
+     */
+    public int getFamily() {
+        return family;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the instruction format.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the instruction format
+     */
+    public InsnFormat getFormat() {
+        return format;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether this opcode uses a result register.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} iff this opcode uses a result register
+     */
+    public boolean hasResult() {
+        return hasResult;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the opcode name.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the opcode name
+     */
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the opcode for the opposite test of this instance. This is only
+     * valid for opcodes which are in fact tests.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the opposite test
+     */
+    public Dop getOppositeTest() {
+        switch (opcode) {
+            case DalvOps.IF_EQ:  return Dops.IF_NE;
+            case DalvOps.IF_NE:  return Dops.IF_EQ;
+            case DalvOps.IF_LT:  return Dops.IF_GE;
+            case DalvOps.IF_GE:  return Dops.IF_LT;
+            case DalvOps.IF_GT:  return Dops.IF_LE;
+            case DalvOps.IF_LE:  return Dops.IF_GT;
+            case DalvOps.IF_EQZ: return Dops.IF_NEZ;
+            case DalvOps.IF_NEZ: return Dops.IF_EQZ;
+            case DalvOps.IF_LTZ: return Dops.IF_GEZ;
+            case DalvOps.IF_GEZ: return Dops.IF_LTZ;
+            case DalvOps.IF_GTZ: return Dops.IF_LEZ;
+            case DalvOps.IF_LEZ: return Dops.IF_GTZ;
+        }
+
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("bogus opcode: " + this);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/Dops.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/Dops.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afd21e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/Dops.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1231 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form10t;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form10x;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form11n;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form11x;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form12x;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form20t;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form21c;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form21h;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form21s;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form21t;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form22b;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form22c;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form22s;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form22t;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form22x;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form23x;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form30t;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form31c;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form31i;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form31t;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form32x;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form35c;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form3rc;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.Form51l;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form.SpecialFormat;
+
+/**
+ * Standard instances of {@link Dop} and utility methods for getting
+ * them.
+ */
+public final class Dops {
+    /** {@code non-null;} array containing all the standard instances */
+    private static final Dop[] DOPS;
+
+    /**
+     * pseudo-opcode used for nonstandard formatted "instructions"
+     * (which are mostly not actually instructions, though they do
+     * appear in instruction lists)
+     */
+    public static final Dop SPECIAL_FORMAT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SPECIAL_FORMAT, DalvOps.SPECIAL_FORMAT,
+                SpecialFormat.THE_ONE, false, "<special>");
+
+    // BEGIN(dops); GENERATED AUTOMATICALLY BY opcode-gen
+    public static final Dop NOP =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.NOP, DalvOps.NOP,
+            Form10x.THE_ONE, false, "nop");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE, DalvOps.MOVE,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "move");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE_FROM16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE_FROM16, DalvOps.MOVE,
+            Form22x.THE_ONE, true, "move/from16");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE_16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE_16, DalvOps.MOVE,
+            Form32x.THE_ONE, true, "move/16");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE_WIDE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE_WIDE, DalvOps.MOVE_WIDE,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "move-wide");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE_WIDE_FROM16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE_WIDE_FROM16, DalvOps.MOVE_WIDE,
+            Form22x.THE_ONE, true, "move-wide/from16");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE_WIDE_16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE_WIDE_16, DalvOps.MOVE_WIDE,
+            Form32x.THE_ONE, true, "move-wide/16");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE_OBJECT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE_OBJECT, DalvOps.MOVE_OBJECT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "move-object");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE_OBJECT_FROM16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE_OBJECT_FROM16, DalvOps.MOVE_OBJECT,
+            Form22x.THE_ONE, true, "move-object/from16");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE_OBJECT_16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE_OBJECT_16, DalvOps.MOVE_OBJECT,
+            Form32x.THE_ONE, true, "move-object/16");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE_RESULT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE_RESULT, DalvOps.MOVE_RESULT,
+            Form11x.THE_ONE, true, "move-result");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE_RESULT_WIDE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE_RESULT_WIDE, DalvOps.MOVE_RESULT_WIDE,
+            Form11x.THE_ONE, true, "move-result-wide");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE_RESULT_OBJECT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE_RESULT_OBJECT, DalvOps.MOVE_RESULT_OBJECT,
+            Form11x.THE_ONE, true, "move-result-object");
+
+    public static final Dop MOVE_EXCEPTION =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MOVE_EXCEPTION, DalvOps.MOVE_EXCEPTION,
+            Form11x.THE_ONE, true, "move-exception");
+
+    public static final Dop RETURN_VOID =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.RETURN_VOID, DalvOps.RETURN_VOID,
+            Form10x.THE_ONE, false, "return-void");
+
+    public static final Dop RETURN =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.RETURN, DalvOps.RETURN,
+            Form11x.THE_ONE, false, "return");
+
+    public static final Dop RETURN_WIDE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.RETURN_WIDE, DalvOps.RETURN_WIDE,
+            Form11x.THE_ONE, false, "return-wide");
+
+    public static final Dop RETURN_OBJECT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.RETURN_OBJECT, DalvOps.RETURN_OBJECT,
+            Form11x.THE_ONE, false, "return-object");
+
+    public static final Dop CONST_4 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CONST_4, DalvOps.CONST,
+            Form11n.THE_ONE, true, "const/4");
+
+    public static final Dop CONST_16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CONST_16, DalvOps.CONST,
+            Form21s.THE_ONE, true, "const/16");
+
+    public static final Dop CONST =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CONST, DalvOps.CONST,
+            Form31i.THE_ONE, true, "const");
+
+    public static final Dop CONST_HIGH16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CONST_HIGH16, DalvOps.CONST,
+            Form21h.THE_ONE, true, "const/high16");
+
+    public static final Dop CONST_WIDE_16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CONST_WIDE_16, DalvOps.CONST_WIDE,
+            Form21s.THE_ONE, true, "const-wide/16");
+
+    public static final Dop CONST_WIDE_32 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CONST_WIDE_32, DalvOps.CONST_WIDE,
+            Form31i.THE_ONE, true, "const-wide/32");
+
+    public static final Dop CONST_WIDE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CONST_WIDE, DalvOps.CONST_WIDE,
+            Form51l.THE_ONE, true, "const-wide");
+
+    public static final Dop CONST_WIDE_HIGH16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CONST_WIDE_HIGH16, DalvOps.CONST_WIDE,
+            Form21h.THE_ONE, true, "const-wide/high16");
+
+    public static final Dop CONST_STRING =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CONST_STRING, DalvOps.CONST_STRING,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, true, "const-string");
+
+    public static final Dop CONST_STRING_JUMBO =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CONST_STRING_JUMBO, DalvOps.CONST_STRING,
+            Form31c.THE_ONE, true, "const-string/jumbo");
+
+    public static final Dop CONST_CLASS =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CONST_CLASS, DalvOps.CONST_CLASS,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, true, "const-class");
+
+    public static final Dop MONITOR_ENTER =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MONITOR_ENTER, DalvOps.MONITOR_ENTER,
+            Form11x.THE_ONE, false, "monitor-enter");
+
+    public static final Dop MONITOR_EXIT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MONITOR_EXIT, DalvOps.MONITOR_EXIT,
+            Form11x.THE_ONE, false, "monitor-exit");
+
+    public static final Dop CHECK_CAST =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CHECK_CAST, DalvOps.CHECK_CAST,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, true, "check-cast");
+
+    public static final Dop INSTANCE_OF =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INSTANCE_OF, DalvOps.INSTANCE_OF,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, true, "instance-of");
+
+    public static final Dop ARRAY_LENGTH =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.ARRAY_LENGTH, DalvOps.ARRAY_LENGTH,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "array-length");
+
+    public static final Dop NEW_INSTANCE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.NEW_INSTANCE, DalvOps.NEW_INSTANCE,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, true, "new-instance");
+
+    public static final Dop NEW_ARRAY =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.NEW_ARRAY, DalvOps.NEW_ARRAY,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, true, "new-array");
+
+    public static final Dop FILLED_NEW_ARRAY =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.FILLED_NEW_ARRAY, DalvOps.FILLED_NEW_ARRAY,
+            Form35c.THE_ONE, false, "filled-new-array");
+
+    public static final Dop FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_RANGE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_RANGE, DalvOps.FILLED_NEW_ARRAY,
+            Form3rc.THE_ONE, false, "filled-new-array/range");
+
+    public static final Dop FILL_ARRAY_DATA =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.FILL_ARRAY_DATA, DalvOps.FILL_ARRAY_DATA,
+            Form31t.THE_ONE, false, "fill-array-data");
+
+    public static final Dop THROW =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.THROW, DalvOps.THROW,
+            Form11x.THE_ONE, false, "throw");
+
+    public static final Dop GOTO =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.GOTO, DalvOps.GOTO,
+            Form10t.THE_ONE, false, "goto");
+
+    public static final Dop GOTO_16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.GOTO_16, DalvOps.GOTO,
+            Form20t.THE_ONE, false, "goto/16");
+
+    public static final Dop GOTO_32 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.GOTO_32, DalvOps.GOTO,
+            Form30t.THE_ONE, false, "goto/32");
+
+    public static final Dop PACKED_SWITCH =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.PACKED_SWITCH, DalvOps.PACKED_SWITCH,
+            Form31t.THE_ONE, false, "packed-switch");
+
+    public static final Dop SPARSE_SWITCH =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SPARSE_SWITCH, DalvOps.SPARSE_SWITCH,
+            Form31t.THE_ONE, false, "sparse-switch");
+
+    public static final Dop CMPL_FLOAT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CMPL_FLOAT, DalvOps.CMPL_FLOAT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "cmpl-float");
+
+    public static final Dop CMPG_FLOAT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CMPG_FLOAT, DalvOps.CMPG_FLOAT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "cmpg-float");
+
+    public static final Dop CMPL_DOUBLE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CMPL_DOUBLE, DalvOps.CMPL_DOUBLE,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "cmpl-double");
+
+    public static final Dop CMPG_DOUBLE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CMPG_DOUBLE, DalvOps.CMPG_DOUBLE,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "cmpg-double");
+
+    public static final Dop CMP_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.CMP_LONG, DalvOps.CMP_LONG,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "cmp-long");
+
+    public static final Dop IF_EQ =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IF_EQ, DalvOps.IF_EQ,
+            Form22t.THE_ONE, false, "if-eq");
+
+    public static final Dop IF_NE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IF_NE, DalvOps.IF_NE,
+            Form22t.THE_ONE, false, "if-ne");
+
+    public static final Dop IF_LT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IF_LT, DalvOps.IF_LT,
+            Form22t.THE_ONE, false, "if-lt");
+
+    public static final Dop IF_GE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IF_GE, DalvOps.IF_GE,
+            Form22t.THE_ONE, false, "if-ge");
+
+    public static final Dop IF_GT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IF_GT, DalvOps.IF_GT,
+            Form22t.THE_ONE, false, "if-gt");
+
+    public static final Dop IF_LE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IF_LE, DalvOps.IF_LE,
+            Form22t.THE_ONE, false, "if-le");
+
+    public static final Dop IF_EQZ =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IF_EQZ, DalvOps.IF_EQZ,
+            Form21t.THE_ONE, false, "if-eqz");
+
+    public static final Dop IF_NEZ =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IF_NEZ, DalvOps.IF_NEZ,
+            Form21t.THE_ONE, false, "if-nez");
+
+    public static final Dop IF_LTZ =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IF_LTZ, DalvOps.IF_LTZ,
+            Form21t.THE_ONE, false, "if-ltz");
+
+    public static final Dop IF_GEZ =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IF_GEZ, DalvOps.IF_GEZ,
+            Form21t.THE_ONE, false, "if-gez");
+
+    public static final Dop IF_GTZ =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IF_GTZ, DalvOps.IF_GTZ,
+            Form21t.THE_ONE, false, "if-gtz");
+
+    public static final Dop IF_LEZ =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IF_LEZ, DalvOps.IF_LEZ,
+            Form21t.THE_ONE, false, "if-lez");
+
+    public static final Dop AGET =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AGET, DalvOps.AGET,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "aget");
+
+    public static final Dop AGET_WIDE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AGET_WIDE, DalvOps.AGET_WIDE,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "aget-wide");
+
+    public static final Dop AGET_OBJECT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AGET_OBJECT, DalvOps.AGET_OBJECT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "aget-object");
+
+    public static final Dop AGET_BOOLEAN =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AGET_BOOLEAN, DalvOps.AGET_BOOLEAN,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "aget-boolean");
+
+    public static final Dop AGET_BYTE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AGET_BYTE, DalvOps.AGET_BYTE,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "aget-byte");
+
+    public static final Dop AGET_CHAR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AGET_CHAR, DalvOps.AGET_CHAR,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "aget-char");
+
+    public static final Dop AGET_SHORT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AGET_SHORT, DalvOps.AGET_SHORT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "aget-short");
+
+    public static final Dop APUT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.APUT, DalvOps.APUT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, false, "aput");
+
+    public static final Dop APUT_WIDE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.APUT_WIDE, DalvOps.APUT_WIDE,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, false, "aput-wide");
+
+    public static final Dop APUT_OBJECT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.APUT_OBJECT, DalvOps.APUT_OBJECT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, false, "aput-object");
+
+    public static final Dop APUT_BOOLEAN =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.APUT_BOOLEAN, DalvOps.APUT_BOOLEAN,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, false, "aput-boolean");
+
+    public static final Dop APUT_BYTE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.APUT_BYTE, DalvOps.APUT_BYTE,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, false, "aput-byte");
+
+    public static final Dop APUT_CHAR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.APUT_CHAR, DalvOps.APUT_CHAR,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, false, "aput-char");
+
+    public static final Dop APUT_SHORT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.APUT_SHORT, DalvOps.APUT_SHORT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, false, "aput-short");
+
+    public static final Dop IGET =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IGET, DalvOps.IGET,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, true, "iget");
+
+    public static final Dop IGET_WIDE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IGET_WIDE, DalvOps.IGET_WIDE,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, true, "iget-wide");
+
+    public static final Dop IGET_OBJECT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IGET_OBJECT, DalvOps.IGET_OBJECT,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, true, "iget-object");
+
+    public static final Dop IGET_BOOLEAN =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IGET_BOOLEAN, DalvOps.IGET_BOOLEAN,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, true, "iget-boolean");
+
+    public static final Dop IGET_BYTE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IGET_BYTE, DalvOps.IGET_BYTE,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, true, "iget-byte");
+
+    public static final Dop IGET_CHAR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IGET_CHAR, DalvOps.IGET_CHAR,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, true, "iget-char");
+
+    public static final Dop IGET_SHORT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IGET_SHORT, DalvOps.IGET_SHORT,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, true, "iget-short");
+
+    public static final Dop IPUT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IPUT, DalvOps.IPUT,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, false, "iput");
+
+    public static final Dop IPUT_WIDE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IPUT_WIDE, DalvOps.IPUT_WIDE,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, false, "iput-wide");
+
+    public static final Dop IPUT_OBJECT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IPUT_OBJECT, DalvOps.IPUT_OBJECT,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, false, "iput-object");
+
+    public static final Dop IPUT_BOOLEAN =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IPUT_BOOLEAN, DalvOps.IPUT_BOOLEAN,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, false, "iput-boolean");
+
+    public static final Dop IPUT_BYTE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IPUT_BYTE, DalvOps.IPUT_BYTE,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, false, "iput-byte");
+
+    public static final Dop IPUT_CHAR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IPUT_CHAR, DalvOps.IPUT_CHAR,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, false, "iput-char");
+
+    public static final Dop IPUT_SHORT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.IPUT_SHORT, DalvOps.IPUT_SHORT,
+            Form22c.THE_ONE, false, "iput-short");
+
+    public static final Dop SGET =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SGET, DalvOps.SGET,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, true, "sget");
+
+    public static final Dop SGET_WIDE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SGET_WIDE, DalvOps.SGET_WIDE,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, true, "sget-wide");
+
+    public static final Dop SGET_OBJECT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SGET_OBJECT, DalvOps.SGET_OBJECT,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, true, "sget-object");
+
+    public static final Dop SGET_BOOLEAN =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SGET_BOOLEAN, DalvOps.SGET_BOOLEAN,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, true, "sget-boolean");
+
+    public static final Dop SGET_BYTE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SGET_BYTE, DalvOps.SGET_BYTE,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, true, "sget-byte");
+
+    public static final Dop SGET_CHAR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SGET_CHAR, DalvOps.SGET_CHAR,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, true, "sget-char");
+
+    public static final Dop SGET_SHORT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SGET_SHORT, DalvOps.SGET_SHORT,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, true, "sget-short");
+
+    public static final Dop SPUT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SPUT, DalvOps.SPUT,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, false, "sput");
+
+    public static final Dop SPUT_WIDE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SPUT_WIDE, DalvOps.SPUT_WIDE,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, false, "sput-wide");
+
+    public static final Dop SPUT_OBJECT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SPUT_OBJECT, DalvOps.SPUT_OBJECT,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, false, "sput-object");
+
+    public static final Dop SPUT_BOOLEAN =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SPUT_BOOLEAN, DalvOps.SPUT_BOOLEAN,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, false, "sput-boolean");
+
+    public static final Dop SPUT_BYTE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SPUT_BYTE, DalvOps.SPUT_BYTE,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, false, "sput-byte");
+
+    public static final Dop SPUT_CHAR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SPUT_CHAR, DalvOps.SPUT_CHAR,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, false, "sput-char");
+
+    public static final Dop SPUT_SHORT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SPUT_SHORT, DalvOps.SPUT_SHORT,
+            Form21c.THE_ONE, false, "sput-short");
+
+    public static final Dop INVOKE_VIRTUAL =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INVOKE_VIRTUAL, DalvOps.INVOKE_VIRTUAL,
+            Form35c.THE_ONE, false, "invoke-virtual");
+
+    public static final Dop INVOKE_SUPER =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INVOKE_SUPER, DalvOps.INVOKE_SUPER,
+            Form35c.THE_ONE, false, "invoke-super");
+
+    public static final Dop INVOKE_DIRECT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INVOKE_DIRECT, DalvOps.INVOKE_DIRECT,
+            Form35c.THE_ONE, false, "invoke-direct");
+
+    public static final Dop INVOKE_STATIC =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INVOKE_STATIC, DalvOps.INVOKE_STATIC,
+            Form35c.THE_ONE, false, "invoke-static");
+
+    public static final Dop INVOKE_INTERFACE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INVOKE_INTERFACE, DalvOps.INVOKE_INTERFACE,
+            Form35c.THE_ONE, false, "invoke-interface");
+
+    public static final Dop INVOKE_VIRTUAL_RANGE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INVOKE_VIRTUAL_RANGE, DalvOps.INVOKE_VIRTUAL,
+            Form3rc.THE_ONE, false, "invoke-virtual/range");
+
+    public static final Dop INVOKE_SUPER_RANGE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INVOKE_SUPER_RANGE, DalvOps.INVOKE_SUPER,
+            Form3rc.THE_ONE, false, "invoke-super/range");
+
+    public static final Dop INVOKE_DIRECT_RANGE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INVOKE_DIRECT_RANGE, DalvOps.INVOKE_DIRECT,
+            Form3rc.THE_ONE, false, "invoke-direct/range");
+
+    public static final Dop INVOKE_STATIC_RANGE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INVOKE_STATIC_RANGE, DalvOps.INVOKE_STATIC,
+            Form3rc.THE_ONE, false, "invoke-static/range");
+
+    public static final Dop INVOKE_INTERFACE_RANGE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INVOKE_INTERFACE_RANGE, DalvOps.INVOKE_INTERFACE,
+            Form3rc.THE_ONE, false, "invoke-interface/range");
+
+    public static final Dop NEG_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.NEG_INT, DalvOps.NEG_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "neg-int");
+
+    public static final Dop NOT_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.NOT_INT, DalvOps.NOT_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "not-int");
+
+    public static final Dop NEG_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.NEG_LONG, DalvOps.NEG_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "neg-long");
+
+    public static final Dop NOT_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.NOT_LONG, DalvOps.NOT_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "not-long");
+
+    public static final Dop NEG_FLOAT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.NEG_FLOAT, DalvOps.NEG_FLOAT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "neg-float");
+
+    public static final Dop NEG_DOUBLE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.NEG_DOUBLE, DalvOps.NEG_DOUBLE,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "neg-double");
+
+    public static final Dop INT_TO_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INT_TO_LONG, DalvOps.INT_TO_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "int-to-long");
+
+    public static final Dop INT_TO_FLOAT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INT_TO_FLOAT, DalvOps.INT_TO_FLOAT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "int-to-float");
+
+    public static final Dop INT_TO_DOUBLE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INT_TO_DOUBLE, DalvOps.INT_TO_DOUBLE,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "int-to-double");
+
+    public static final Dop LONG_TO_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.LONG_TO_INT, DalvOps.LONG_TO_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "long-to-int");
+
+    public static final Dop LONG_TO_FLOAT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.LONG_TO_FLOAT, DalvOps.LONG_TO_FLOAT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "long-to-float");
+
+    public static final Dop LONG_TO_DOUBLE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.LONG_TO_DOUBLE, DalvOps.LONG_TO_DOUBLE,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "long-to-double");
+
+    public static final Dop FLOAT_TO_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.FLOAT_TO_INT, DalvOps.FLOAT_TO_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "float-to-int");
+
+    public static final Dop FLOAT_TO_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.FLOAT_TO_LONG, DalvOps.FLOAT_TO_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "float-to-long");
+
+    public static final Dop FLOAT_TO_DOUBLE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.FLOAT_TO_DOUBLE, DalvOps.FLOAT_TO_DOUBLE,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "float-to-double");
+
+    public static final Dop DOUBLE_TO_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DOUBLE_TO_INT, DalvOps.DOUBLE_TO_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "double-to-int");
+
+    public static final Dop DOUBLE_TO_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DOUBLE_TO_LONG, DalvOps.DOUBLE_TO_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "double-to-long");
+
+    public static final Dop DOUBLE_TO_FLOAT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DOUBLE_TO_FLOAT, DalvOps.DOUBLE_TO_FLOAT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "double-to-float");
+
+    public static final Dop INT_TO_BYTE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INT_TO_BYTE, DalvOps.INT_TO_BYTE,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "int-to-byte");
+
+    public static final Dop INT_TO_CHAR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INT_TO_CHAR, DalvOps.INT_TO_CHAR,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "int-to-char");
+
+    public static final Dop INT_TO_SHORT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.INT_TO_SHORT, DalvOps.INT_TO_SHORT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "int-to-short");
+
+    public static final Dop ADD_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.ADD_INT, DalvOps.ADD_INT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "add-int");
+
+    public static final Dop SUB_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SUB_INT, DalvOps.SUB_INT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "sub-int");
+
+    public static final Dop MUL_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MUL_INT, DalvOps.MUL_INT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "mul-int");
+
+    public static final Dop DIV_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DIV_INT, DalvOps.DIV_INT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "div-int");
+
+    public static final Dop REM_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.REM_INT, DalvOps.REM_INT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "rem-int");
+
+    public static final Dop AND_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AND_INT, DalvOps.AND_INT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "and-int");
+
+    public static final Dop OR_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.OR_INT, DalvOps.OR_INT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "or-int");
+
+    public static final Dop XOR_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.XOR_INT, DalvOps.XOR_INT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "xor-int");
+
+    public static final Dop SHL_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SHL_INT, DalvOps.SHL_INT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "shl-int");
+
+    public static final Dop SHR_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SHR_INT, DalvOps.SHR_INT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "shr-int");
+
+    public static final Dop USHR_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.USHR_INT, DalvOps.USHR_INT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "ushr-int");
+
+    public static final Dop ADD_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.ADD_LONG, DalvOps.ADD_LONG,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "add-long");
+
+    public static final Dop SUB_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SUB_LONG, DalvOps.SUB_LONG,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "sub-long");
+
+    public static final Dop MUL_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MUL_LONG, DalvOps.MUL_LONG,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "mul-long");
+
+    public static final Dop DIV_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DIV_LONG, DalvOps.DIV_LONG,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "div-long");
+
+    public static final Dop REM_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.REM_LONG, DalvOps.REM_LONG,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "rem-long");
+
+    public static final Dop AND_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AND_LONG, DalvOps.AND_LONG,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "and-long");
+
+    public static final Dop OR_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.OR_LONG, DalvOps.OR_LONG,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "or-long");
+
+    public static final Dop XOR_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.XOR_LONG, DalvOps.XOR_LONG,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "xor-long");
+
+    public static final Dop SHL_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SHL_LONG, DalvOps.SHL_LONG,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "shl-long");
+
+    public static final Dop SHR_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SHR_LONG, DalvOps.SHR_LONG,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "shr-long");
+
+    public static final Dop USHR_LONG =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.USHR_LONG, DalvOps.USHR_LONG,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "ushr-long");
+
+    public static final Dop ADD_FLOAT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.ADD_FLOAT, DalvOps.ADD_FLOAT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "add-float");
+
+    public static final Dop SUB_FLOAT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SUB_FLOAT, DalvOps.SUB_FLOAT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "sub-float");
+
+    public static final Dop MUL_FLOAT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MUL_FLOAT, DalvOps.MUL_FLOAT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "mul-float");
+
+    public static final Dop DIV_FLOAT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DIV_FLOAT, DalvOps.DIV_FLOAT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "div-float");
+
+    public static final Dop REM_FLOAT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.REM_FLOAT, DalvOps.REM_FLOAT,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "rem-float");
+
+    public static final Dop ADD_DOUBLE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.ADD_DOUBLE, DalvOps.ADD_DOUBLE,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "add-double");
+
+    public static final Dop SUB_DOUBLE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SUB_DOUBLE, DalvOps.SUB_DOUBLE,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "sub-double");
+
+    public static final Dop MUL_DOUBLE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MUL_DOUBLE, DalvOps.MUL_DOUBLE,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "mul-double");
+
+    public static final Dop DIV_DOUBLE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DIV_DOUBLE, DalvOps.DIV_DOUBLE,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "div-double");
+
+    public static final Dop REM_DOUBLE =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.REM_DOUBLE, DalvOps.REM_DOUBLE,
+            Form23x.THE_ONE, true, "rem-double");
+
+    public static final Dop ADD_INT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.ADD_INT_2ADDR, DalvOps.ADD_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "add-int/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop SUB_INT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SUB_INT_2ADDR, DalvOps.SUB_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "sub-int/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop MUL_INT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MUL_INT_2ADDR, DalvOps.MUL_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "mul-int/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop DIV_INT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DIV_INT_2ADDR, DalvOps.DIV_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "div-int/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop REM_INT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.REM_INT_2ADDR, DalvOps.REM_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "rem-int/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop AND_INT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AND_INT_2ADDR, DalvOps.AND_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "and-int/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop OR_INT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.OR_INT_2ADDR, DalvOps.OR_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "or-int/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop XOR_INT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.XOR_INT_2ADDR, DalvOps.XOR_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "xor-int/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop SHL_INT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SHL_INT_2ADDR, DalvOps.SHL_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "shl-int/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop SHR_INT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SHR_INT_2ADDR, DalvOps.SHR_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "shr-int/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop USHR_INT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.USHR_INT_2ADDR, DalvOps.USHR_INT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "ushr-int/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop ADD_LONG_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.ADD_LONG_2ADDR, DalvOps.ADD_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "add-long/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop SUB_LONG_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SUB_LONG_2ADDR, DalvOps.SUB_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "sub-long/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop MUL_LONG_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MUL_LONG_2ADDR, DalvOps.MUL_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "mul-long/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop DIV_LONG_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DIV_LONG_2ADDR, DalvOps.DIV_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "div-long/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop REM_LONG_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.REM_LONG_2ADDR, DalvOps.REM_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "rem-long/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop AND_LONG_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AND_LONG_2ADDR, DalvOps.AND_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "and-long/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop OR_LONG_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.OR_LONG_2ADDR, DalvOps.OR_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "or-long/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop XOR_LONG_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.XOR_LONG_2ADDR, DalvOps.XOR_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "xor-long/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop SHL_LONG_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SHL_LONG_2ADDR, DalvOps.SHL_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "shl-long/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop SHR_LONG_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SHR_LONG_2ADDR, DalvOps.SHR_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "shr-long/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop USHR_LONG_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.USHR_LONG_2ADDR, DalvOps.USHR_LONG,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "ushr-long/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop ADD_FLOAT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.ADD_FLOAT_2ADDR, DalvOps.ADD_FLOAT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "add-float/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop SUB_FLOAT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SUB_FLOAT_2ADDR, DalvOps.SUB_FLOAT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "sub-float/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop MUL_FLOAT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MUL_FLOAT_2ADDR, DalvOps.MUL_FLOAT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "mul-float/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop DIV_FLOAT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DIV_FLOAT_2ADDR, DalvOps.DIV_FLOAT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "div-float/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop REM_FLOAT_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.REM_FLOAT_2ADDR, DalvOps.REM_FLOAT,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "rem-float/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop ADD_DOUBLE_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.ADD_DOUBLE_2ADDR, DalvOps.ADD_DOUBLE,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "add-double/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop SUB_DOUBLE_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SUB_DOUBLE_2ADDR, DalvOps.SUB_DOUBLE,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "sub-double/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop MUL_DOUBLE_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MUL_DOUBLE_2ADDR, DalvOps.MUL_DOUBLE,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "mul-double/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop DIV_DOUBLE_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DIV_DOUBLE_2ADDR, DalvOps.DIV_DOUBLE,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "div-double/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop REM_DOUBLE_2ADDR =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.REM_DOUBLE_2ADDR, DalvOps.REM_DOUBLE,
+            Form12x.THE_ONE, true, "rem-double/2addr");
+
+    public static final Dop ADD_INT_LIT16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.ADD_INT_LIT16, DalvOps.ADD_INT,
+            Form22s.THE_ONE, true, "add-int/lit16");
+
+    public static final Dop RSUB_INT =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.RSUB_INT, DalvOps.RSUB_INT,
+            Form22s.THE_ONE, true, "rsub-int");
+
+    public static final Dop MUL_INT_LIT16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MUL_INT_LIT16, DalvOps.MUL_INT,
+            Form22s.THE_ONE, true, "mul-int/lit16");
+
+    public static final Dop DIV_INT_LIT16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DIV_INT_LIT16, DalvOps.DIV_INT,
+            Form22s.THE_ONE, true, "div-int/lit16");
+
+    public static final Dop REM_INT_LIT16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.REM_INT_LIT16, DalvOps.REM_INT,
+            Form22s.THE_ONE, true, "rem-int/lit16");
+
+    public static final Dop AND_INT_LIT16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AND_INT_LIT16, DalvOps.AND_INT,
+            Form22s.THE_ONE, true, "and-int/lit16");
+
+    public static final Dop OR_INT_LIT16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.OR_INT_LIT16, DalvOps.OR_INT,
+            Form22s.THE_ONE, true, "or-int/lit16");
+
+    public static final Dop XOR_INT_LIT16 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.XOR_INT_LIT16, DalvOps.XOR_INT,
+            Form22s.THE_ONE, true, "xor-int/lit16");
+
+    public static final Dop ADD_INT_LIT8 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.ADD_INT_LIT8, DalvOps.ADD_INT,
+            Form22b.THE_ONE, true, "add-int/lit8");
+
+    public static final Dop RSUB_INT_LIT8 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.RSUB_INT_LIT8, DalvOps.RSUB_INT,
+            Form22b.THE_ONE, true, "rsub-int/lit8");
+
+    public static final Dop MUL_INT_LIT8 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.MUL_INT_LIT8, DalvOps.MUL_INT,
+            Form22b.THE_ONE, true, "mul-int/lit8");
+
+    public static final Dop DIV_INT_LIT8 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.DIV_INT_LIT8, DalvOps.DIV_INT,
+            Form22b.THE_ONE, true, "div-int/lit8");
+
+    public static final Dop REM_INT_LIT8 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.REM_INT_LIT8, DalvOps.REM_INT,
+            Form22b.THE_ONE, true, "rem-int/lit8");
+
+    public static final Dop AND_INT_LIT8 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.AND_INT_LIT8, DalvOps.AND_INT,
+            Form22b.THE_ONE, true, "and-int/lit8");
+
+    public static final Dop OR_INT_LIT8 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.OR_INT_LIT8, DalvOps.OR_INT,
+            Form22b.THE_ONE, true, "or-int/lit8");
+
+    public static final Dop XOR_INT_LIT8 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.XOR_INT_LIT8, DalvOps.XOR_INT,
+            Form22b.THE_ONE, true, "xor-int/lit8");
+
+    public static final Dop SHL_INT_LIT8 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SHL_INT_LIT8, DalvOps.SHL_INT,
+            Form22b.THE_ONE, true, "shl-int/lit8");
+
+    public static final Dop SHR_INT_LIT8 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.SHR_INT_LIT8, DalvOps.SHR_INT,
+            Form22b.THE_ONE, true, "shr-int/lit8");
+
+    public static final Dop USHR_INT_LIT8 =
+        new Dop(DalvOps.USHR_INT_LIT8, DalvOps.USHR_INT,
+            Form22b.THE_ONE, true, "ushr-int/lit8");
+
+    // END(dops)
+
+    // Static initialization.
+    static {
+        DOPS = new Dop[DalvOps.MAX_VALUE - DalvOps.MIN_VALUE + 1];
+
+        set(SPECIAL_FORMAT);
+
+        // BEGIN(dops-init); GENERATED AUTOMATICALLY BY opcode-gen
+        set(NOP);
+        set(MOVE);
+        set(MOVE_FROM16);
+        set(MOVE_16);
+        set(MOVE_WIDE);
+        set(MOVE_WIDE_FROM16);
+        set(MOVE_WIDE_16);
+        set(MOVE_OBJECT);
+        set(MOVE_OBJECT_FROM16);
+        set(MOVE_OBJECT_16);
+        set(MOVE_RESULT);
+        set(MOVE_RESULT_WIDE);
+        set(MOVE_RESULT_OBJECT);
+        set(MOVE_EXCEPTION);
+        set(RETURN_VOID);
+        set(RETURN);
+        set(RETURN_WIDE);
+        set(RETURN_OBJECT);
+        set(CONST_4);
+        set(CONST_16);
+        set(CONST);
+        set(CONST_HIGH16);
+        set(CONST_WIDE_16);
+        set(CONST_WIDE_32);
+        set(CONST_WIDE);
+        set(CONST_WIDE_HIGH16);
+        set(CONST_STRING);
+        set(CONST_STRING_JUMBO);
+        set(CONST_CLASS);
+        set(MONITOR_ENTER);
+        set(MONITOR_EXIT);
+        set(CHECK_CAST);
+        set(INSTANCE_OF);
+        set(ARRAY_LENGTH);
+        set(NEW_INSTANCE);
+        set(NEW_ARRAY);
+        set(FILLED_NEW_ARRAY);
+        set(FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_RANGE);
+        set(FILL_ARRAY_DATA);
+        set(THROW);
+        set(GOTO);
+        set(GOTO_16);
+        set(GOTO_32);
+        set(PACKED_SWITCH);
+        set(SPARSE_SWITCH);
+        set(CMPL_FLOAT);
+        set(CMPG_FLOAT);
+        set(CMPL_DOUBLE);
+        set(CMPG_DOUBLE);
+        set(CMP_LONG);
+        set(IF_EQ);
+        set(IF_NE);
+        set(IF_LT);
+        set(IF_GE);
+        set(IF_GT);
+        set(IF_LE);
+        set(IF_EQZ);
+        set(IF_NEZ);
+        set(IF_LTZ);
+        set(IF_GEZ);
+        set(IF_GTZ);
+        set(IF_LEZ);
+        set(AGET);
+        set(AGET_WIDE);
+        set(AGET_OBJECT);
+        set(AGET_BOOLEAN);
+        set(AGET_BYTE);
+        set(AGET_CHAR);
+        set(AGET_SHORT);
+        set(APUT);
+        set(APUT_WIDE);
+        set(APUT_OBJECT);
+        set(APUT_BOOLEAN);
+        set(APUT_BYTE);
+        set(APUT_CHAR);
+        set(APUT_SHORT);
+        set(IGET);
+        set(IGET_WIDE);
+        set(IGET_OBJECT);
+        set(IGET_BOOLEAN);
+        set(IGET_BYTE);
+        set(IGET_CHAR);
+        set(IGET_SHORT);
+        set(IPUT);
+        set(IPUT_WIDE);
+        set(IPUT_OBJECT);
+        set(IPUT_BOOLEAN);
+        set(IPUT_BYTE);
+        set(IPUT_CHAR);
+        set(IPUT_SHORT);
+        set(SGET);
+        set(SGET_WIDE);
+        set(SGET_OBJECT);
+        set(SGET_BOOLEAN);
+        set(SGET_BYTE);
+        set(SGET_CHAR);
+        set(SGET_SHORT);
+        set(SPUT);
+        set(SPUT_WIDE);
+        set(SPUT_OBJECT);
+        set(SPUT_BOOLEAN);
+        set(SPUT_BYTE);
+        set(SPUT_CHAR);
+        set(SPUT_SHORT);
+        set(INVOKE_VIRTUAL);
+        set(INVOKE_SUPER);
+        set(INVOKE_DIRECT);
+        set(INVOKE_STATIC);
+        set(INVOKE_INTERFACE);
+        set(INVOKE_VIRTUAL_RANGE);
+        set(INVOKE_SUPER_RANGE);
+        set(INVOKE_DIRECT_RANGE);
+        set(INVOKE_STATIC_RANGE);
+        set(INVOKE_INTERFACE_RANGE);
+        set(NEG_INT);
+        set(NOT_INT);
+        set(NEG_LONG);
+        set(NOT_LONG);
+        set(NEG_FLOAT);
+        set(NEG_DOUBLE);
+        set(INT_TO_LONG);
+        set(INT_TO_FLOAT);
+        set(INT_TO_DOUBLE);
+        set(LONG_TO_INT);
+        set(LONG_TO_FLOAT);
+        set(LONG_TO_DOUBLE);
+        set(FLOAT_TO_INT);
+        set(FLOAT_TO_LONG);
+        set(FLOAT_TO_DOUBLE);
+        set(DOUBLE_TO_INT);
+        set(DOUBLE_TO_LONG);
+        set(DOUBLE_TO_FLOAT);
+        set(INT_TO_BYTE);
+        set(INT_TO_CHAR);
+        set(INT_TO_SHORT);
+        set(ADD_INT);
+        set(SUB_INT);
+        set(MUL_INT);
+        set(DIV_INT);
+        set(REM_INT);
+        set(AND_INT);
+        set(OR_INT);
+        set(XOR_INT);
+        set(SHL_INT);
+        set(SHR_INT);
+        set(USHR_INT);
+        set(ADD_LONG);
+        set(SUB_LONG);
+        set(MUL_LONG);
+        set(DIV_LONG);
+        set(REM_LONG);
+        set(AND_LONG);
+        set(OR_LONG);
+        set(XOR_LONG);
+        set(SHL_LONG);
+        set(SHR_LONG);
+        set(USHR_LONG);
+        set(ADD_FLOAT);
+        set(SUB_FLOAT);
+        set(MUL_FLOAT);
+        set(DIV_FLOAT);
+        set(REM_FLOAT);
+        set(ADD_DOUBLE);
+        set(SUB_DOUBLE);
+        set(MUL_DOUBLE);
+        set(DIV_DOUBLE);
+        set(REM_DOUBLE);
+        set(ADD_INT_2ADDR);
+        set(SUB_INT_2ADDR);
+        set(MUL_INT_2ADDR);
+        set(DIV_INT_2ADDR);
+        set(REM_INT_2ADDR);
+        set(AND_INT_2ADDR);
+        set(OR_INT_2ADDR);
+        set(XOR_INT_2ADDR);
+        set(SHL_INT_2ADDR);
+        set(SHR_INT_2ADDR);
+        set(USHR_INT_2ADDR);
+        set(ADD_LONG_2ADDR);
+        set(SUB_LONG_2ADDR);
+        set(MUL_LONG_2ADDR);
+        set(DIV_LONG_2ADDR);
+        set(REM_LONG_2ADDR);
+        set(AND_LONG_2ADDR);
+        set(OR_LONG_2ADDR);
+        set(XOR_LONG_2ADDR);
+        set(SHL_LONG_2ADDR);
+        set(SHR_LONG_2ADDR);
+        set(USHR_LONG_2ADDR);
+        set(ADD_FLOAT_2ADDR);
+        set(SUB_FLOAT_2ADDR);
+        set(MUL_FLOAT_2ADDR);
+        set(DIV_FLOAT_2ADDR);
+        set(REM_FLOAT_2ADDR);
+        set(ADD_DOUBLE_2ADDR);
+        set(SUB_DOUBLE_2ADDR);
+        set(MUL_DOUBLE_2ADDR);
+        set(DIV_DOUBLE_2ADDR);
+        set(REM_DOUBLE_2ADDR);
+        set(ADD_INT_LIT16);
+        set(RSUB_INT);
+        set(MUL_INT_LIT16);
+        set(DIV_INT_LIT16);
+        set(REM_INT_LIT16);
+        set(AND_INT_LIT16);
+        set(OR_INT_LIT16);
+        set(XOR_INT_LIT16);
+        set(ADD_INT_LIT8);
+        set(RSUB_INT_LIT8);
+        set(MUL_INT_LIT8);
+        set(DIV_INT_LIT8);
+        set(REM_INT_LIT8);
+        set(AND_INT_LIT8);
+        set(OR_INT_LIT8);
+        set(XOR_INT_LIT8);
+        set(SHL_INT_LIT8);
+        set(SHR_INT_LIT8);
+        set(USHR_INT_LIT8);
+        // END(dops-init)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This class is uninstantiable.
+     */
+    private Dops() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the {@link Dop} for the given opcode value.
+     *
+     * @param opcode {@code DalvOps.MIN_VALUE..DalvOps.MAX_VALUE;} the opcode value
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the associated opcode instance
+     */
+    public static Dop get(int opcode) {
+        int idx = opcode - DalvOps.MIN_VALUE;
+
+        try {
+            Dop result = DOPS[idx];
+            if (result != null) {
+                return result;
+            }
+        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
+            // Fall through.
+        }
+
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("bogus opcode");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the {@link Dop} with the given family/format combination, if
+     * any.
+     *
+     * @param family {@code DalvOps.MIN_VALUE..DalvOps.MAX_VALUE;} the opcode family
+     * @param format {@code non-null;} the opcode's instruction format
+     * @return {@code null-ok;} the corresponding opcode, or {@code null} if
+     * there is none
+     */
+    public static Dop getOrNull(int family, InsnFormat format) {
+        if (format == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("format == null");
+        }
+
+        int len = DOPS.length;
+
+        // TODO: Linear search is bad.
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            Dop dop = DOPS[i];
+            if ((dop != null) &&
+                (dop.getFamily() == family) &&
+                (dop.getFormat() == format)) {
+                return dop;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Puts the given opcode into the table of all ops.
+     *
+     * @param opcode {@code non-null;} the opcode
+     */
+    private static void set(Dop opcode) {
+        int idx = opcode.getOpcode() - DalvOps.MIN_VALUE;
+        DOPS[idx] = opcode;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/FixedSizeInsn.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/FixedSizeInsn.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28d8986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/FixedSizeInsn.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for instructions which are of a fixed code size and which use {@link InsnFormat} methods to write themselves. This
+ * includes most &mdash; but not all &mdash; instructions.
+ */
+public abstract class FixedSizeInsn extends DalvInsn {
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * <p><b>Note:</b> In the unlikely event that an instruction takes
+     * absolutely no registers (e.g., a {@code nop} or a
+     * no-argument no-result * static method call), then the given
+     * register list may be passed as {@link
+     * RegisterSpecList#EMPTY}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param opcode the opcode; one of the constants from {@link Dops}
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     * @param registers {@code non-null;} register list, including a
+     * result register if appropriate (that is, registers may be either
+     * ins or outs)
+     */
+    public FixedSizeInsn(Dop opcode, SourcePosition position,
+                         RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        super(opcode, position, registers);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public final int codeSize() {
+        return getOpcode().getFormat().codeSize();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public final void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out) {
+        getOpcode().getFormat().writeTo(out, this);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public final DalvInsn withRegisterOffset(int delta) {
+        return withRegisters(getRegisters().withOffset(delta));
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected final String listingString0(boolean noteIndices) {
+        return getOpcode().getFormat().listingString(this, noteIndices);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/HighRegisterPrefix.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/HighRegisterPrefix.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08794ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/HighRegisterPrefix.java
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.type.Type;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Combination instruction which turns into a variable number of
+ * {@code move*} instructions to move a set of registers into
+ * registers starting at {@code 0} sequentially. This is used
+ * in translating an instruction whose register requirements cannot
+ * be met using a straightforward choice of a single opcode.
+ */
+public final class HighRegisterPrefix extends VariableSizeInsn {
+    /** {@code null-ok;} cached instructions, if constructed */
+    private SimpleInsn[] insns;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     * @param registers {@code non-null;} source registers
+     */
+    public HighRegisterPrefix(SourcePosition position,
+                              RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        super(position, registers);
+
+        if (registers.size() == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("registers.size() == 0");
+        }
+
+        insns = null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        int result = 0;
+
+        calculateInsnsIfNecessary();
+
+        for (SimpleInsn insn : insns) {
+            result += insn.codeSize();
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out) {
+        calculateInsnsIfNecessary();
+
+        for (SimpleInsn insn : insns) {
+            insn.writeTo(out);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #codeSize} and {@link #writeTo} which sets up
+     * {@link #insns} if not already done.
+     */
+    private void calculateInsnsIfNecessary() {
+        if (insns != null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        RegisterSpecList registers = getRegisters();
+        int sz = registers.size();
+
+        insns = new SimpleInsn[sz];
+
+        for (int i = 0, outAt = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            RegisterSpec src = registers.get(i);
+            insns[i] = moveInsnFor(src, outAt);
+            outAt += src.getCategory();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisters(RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        return new HighRegisterPrefix(getPosition(), registers);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String argString() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String listingString0(boolean noteIndices) {
+        RegisterSpecList registers = getRegisters();
+        int sz = registers.size();
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(100);
+
+        for (int i = 0, outAt = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            RegisterSpec src = registers.get(i);
+            SimpleInsn insn = moveInsnFor(src, outAt);
+
+            if (i != 0) {
+                sb.append('\n');
+            }
+
+            sb.append(insn.listingString0(noteIndices));
+
+            outAt += src.getCategory();
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the proper move instruction for the given source spec
+     * and destination index.
+     *
+     * @param src {@code non-null;} the source register spec
+     * @param destIndex {@code >= 0;} the destination register index
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the appropriate move instruction
+     */
+    private static SimpleInsn moveInsnFor(RegisterSpec src, int destIndex) {
+        return DalvInsn.makeMove(SourcePosition.NO_INFO,
+                RegisterSpec.make(destIndex, src.getType()),
+                src);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/InsnFormat.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/InsnFormat.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd5b60d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/InsnFormat.java
@@ -0,0 +1,578 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstInteger;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstKnownNull;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstLiteral64;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstLiteralBits;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.Hex;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for all instruction format handlers. Instruction format
+ * handlers know how to translate {@link DalvInsn} instances into
+ * streams of code words, as well as human-oriented listing strings
+ * representing such translations.
+ */
+public abstract class InsnFormat {
+    /**
+     * Returns the string form, suitable for inclusion in a listing
+     * dump, of the given instruction. The instruction must be of this
+     * instance's format for proper operation.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction
+     * @param noteIndices whether to include an explicit notation of
+     * constant pool indices
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the string form
+     */
+    public final String listingString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        String op = insn.getOpcode().getName();
+        String arg = insnArgString(insn);
+        String comment = insnCommentString(insn, noteIndices);
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(100);
+
+        sb.append(op);
+
+        if (arg.length() != 0) {
+            sb.append(' ');
+            sb.append(arg);
+        }
+
+        if (comment.length() != 0) {
+            sb.append(" // ");
+            sb.append(comment);
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the string form of the arguments to the given instruction.
+     * The instruction must be of this instance's format. If the instruction
+     * has no arguments, then the result should be {@code ""}, not
+     * {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>Subclasses must override this method.</p>
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the string form
+     */
+    public abstract String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the associated comment for the given instruction, if any.
+     * The instruction must be of this instance's format. If the instruction
+     * has no comment, then the result should be {@code ""}, not
+     * {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>Subclasses must override this method.</p>
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction
+     * @param noteIndices whether to include an explicit notation of
+     * constant pool indices
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the string form
+     */
+    public abstract String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn,
+            boolean noteIndices);
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the code size of instructions that use this format. The
+     * size is a number of 16-bit code units, not bytes. This should
+     * throw an exception if this format is of variable size.
+     *
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the instruction length in 16-bit code units
+     */
+    public abstract int codeSize();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether or not the given instruction's arguments will
+     * fit in this instance's format. This includes such things as
+     * counting register arguments, checking register ranges, and
+     * making sure that additional arguments are of appropriate types
+     * and are in-range. If this format has a branch target but the
+     * instruction's branch offset is unknown, this method will simply
+     * not check the offset.
+     *
+     * <p>Subclasses must override this method.</p>
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction to check
+     * @return {@code true} iff the instruction's arguments are
+     * appropriate for this instance, or {@code false} if not
+     */
+    public abstract boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether or not the given instruction's branch offset will
+     * fit in this instance's format. This always returns {@code false}
+     * for formats that don't include a branch offset.
+     *
+     * <p>The default implementation of this method always returns
+     * {@code false}. Subclasses must override this method if they
+     * include branch offsets.</p>
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction to check
+     * @return {@code true} iff the instruction's branch offset is
+     * appropriate for this instance, or {@code false} if not
+     */
+    public boolean branchFits(TargetInsn insn) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the next instruction format to try to match an instruction
+     * with, presuming that this instance isn't compatible, if any.
+     *
+     * <p>Subclasses must override this method.</p>
+     *
+     * @return {@code null-ok;} the next format to try, or {@code null} if
+     * there are no suitable alternatives
+     */
+    public abstract InsnFormat nextUp();
+
+    /**
+     * Writes the code units for the given instruction to the given
+     * output destination. The instruction must be of this instance's format.
+     *
+     * <p>Subclasses must override this method.</p>
+     *
+     * @param out {@code non-null;} the output destination to write to
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction to write
+     */
+    public abstract void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn);
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to return a register list string.
+     *
+     * @param list {@code non-null;} the list of registers
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the string form
+     */
+    protected static String regListString(RegisterSpecList list) {
+        int sz = list.size();
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(sz * 5 + 2);
+
+        sb.append('{');
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            if (i != 0) {
+                sb.append(", ");
+            }
+            sb.append(list.get(i).regString());
+        }
+
+        sb.append('}');
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to return a literal bits argument string.
+     *
+     * @param value the value
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the string form
+     */
+    protected static String literalBitsString(CstLiteralBits value) {
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(100);
+
+        sb.append('#');
+
+        if (value instanceof CstKnownNull) {
+            sb.append("null");
+        } else {
+            sb.append(value.typeName());
+            sb.append(' ');
+            sb.append(value.toHuman());
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to return a literal bits comment string.
+     *
+     * @param value the value
+     * @param width the width of the constant, in bits (used for displaying
+     * the uninterpreted bits; one of: {@code 4 8 16 32 64}
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the comment
+     */
+    protected static String literalBitsComment(CstLiteralBits value,
+            int width) {
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(20);
+
+        sb.append("#");
+
+        long bits;
+
+        if (value instanceof CstLiteral64) {
+            bits = ((CstLiteral64) value).getLongBits();
+        } else {
+            bits = value.getIntBits();
+        }
+
+        switch (width) {
+            case 4:  sb.append(Hex.uNibble((int) bits)); break;
+            case 8:  sb.append(Hex.u1((int) bits));      break;
+            case 16: sb.append(Hex.u2((int) bits));      break;
+            case 32: sb.append(Hex.u4((int) bits));      break;
+            case 64: sb.append(Hex.u8(bits));            break;
+            default: {
+                throw new RuntimeException("shouldn't happen");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to return a branch address string.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction in question
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the string form of the instruction's branch target
+     */
+    protected static String branchString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        TargetInsn ti = (TargetInsn) insn;
+        int address = ti.getTargetAddress();
+
+        return (address == (char) address) ? Hex.u2(address) : Hex.u4(address);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to return the comment for a branch.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction in question
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the comment
+     */
+    protected static String branchComment(DalvInsn insn) {
+        TargetInsn ti = (TargetInsn) insn;
+        int offset = ti.getTargetOffset();
+
+        return (offset == (short) offset) ? Hex.s2(offset) : Hex.s4(offset);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to return a constant string.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} a constant-bearing instruction
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the string form of the contained constant
+     */
+    protected static String cstString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+
+        return cst.toHuman();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to return an instruction comment for a constant.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} a constant-bearing instruction
+     * @return {@code non-null;} comment string representing the constant
+     */
+    protected static String cstComment(DalvInsn insn) {
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+
+        if (! ci.hasIndex()) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(20);
+        int index = ci.getIndex();
+
+        sb.append(ci.getConstant().typeName());
+        sb.append('@');
+
+        if (index < 65536) {
+            sb.append(Hex.u2(index));
+        } else {
+            sb.append(Hex.u4(index));
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to determine if a signed int value fits in a nibble.
+     *
+     * @param value the value in question
+     * @return {@code true} iff it's in the range -8..+7
+     */
+    protected static boolean signedFitsInNibble(int value) {
+        return (value >= -8) && (value <= 7);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to determine if an unsigned int value fits in a nibble.
+     *
+     * @param value the value in question
+     * @return {@code true} iff it's in the range 0..0xf
+     */
+    protected static boolean unsignedFitsInNibble(int value) {
+        return value == (value & 0xf);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to determine if a signed int value fits in a byte.
+     *
+     * @param value the value in question
+     * @return {@code true} iff it's in the range -0x80..+0x7f
+     */
+    protected static boolean signedFitsInByte(int value) {
+        return (byte) value == value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to determine if an unsigned int value fits in a byte.
+     *
+     * @param value the value in question
+     * @return {@code true} iff it's in the range 0..0xff
+     */
+    protected static boolean unsignedFitsInByte(int value) {
+        return value == (value & 0xff);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to determine if a signed int value fits in a short.
+     *
+     * @param value the value in question
+     * @return {@code true} iff it's in the range -0x8000..+0x7fff
+     */
+    protected static boolean signedFitsInShort(int value) {
+        return (short) value == value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to determine if an unsigned int value fits in a short.
+     *
+     * @param value the value in question
+     * @return {@code true} iff it's in the range 0..0xffff
+     */
+    protected static boolean unsignedFitsInShort(int value) {
+        return value == (value & 0xffff);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to determine if a signed int value fits in three bytes.
+     *
+     * @param value the value in question
+     * @return {@code true} iff it's in the range -0x800000..+0x7fffff
+     */
+    protected static boolean signedFitsIn3Bytes(int value) {
+        return value == ((value << 8) >> 8);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to extract the callout-argument index from an
+     * appropriate instruction.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the callout argument index
+     */
+    protected static int argIndex(DalvInsn insn) {
+        int arg = ((CstInteger) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant()).getValue();
+
+        if (arg < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("bogus insn");
+        }
+
+        return arg;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to combine an opcode and a second byte of data into
+     * the appropriate form for emitting into a code buffer.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction containing the opcode
+     * @param arg {@code 0..255;} arbitrary other byte value
+     * @return combined value
+     */
+    protected static short opcodeUnit(DalvInsn insn, int arg) {
+        if ((arg & 0xff) != arg) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("arg out of range 0..255");
+        }
+
+        int opcode = insn.getOpcode().getOpcode();
+
+        if ((opcode & 0xff) != opcode) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("opcode out of range 0..255");
+        }
+
+        return (short) (opcode | (arg << 8));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to combine two bytes into a code unit.
+     *
+     * @param low {@code 0..255;} low byte
+     * @param high {@code 0..255;} high byte
+     * @return combined value
+     */
+    protected static short codeUnit(int low, int high) {
+        if ((low & 0xff) != low) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("low out of range 0..255");
+        }
+
+        if ((high & 0xff) != high) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("high out of range 0..255");
+        }
+
+        return (short) (low | (high << 8));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to combine four nibbles into a code unit.
+     *
+     * @param n0 {@code 0..15;} low nibble
+     * @param n1 {@code 0..15;} medium-low nibble
+     * @param n2 {@code 0..15;} medium-high nibble
+     * @param n3 {@code 0..15;} high nibble
+     * @return combined value
+     */
+    protected static short codeUnit(int n0, int n1, int n2, int n3) {
+        if ((n0 & 0xf) != n0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("n0 out of range 0..15");
+        }
+
+        if ((n1 & 0xf) != n1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("n1 out of range 0..15");
+        }
+
+        if ((n2 & 0xf) != n2) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("n2 out of range 0..15");
+        }
+
+        if ((n3 & 0xf) != n3) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("n3 out of range 0..15");
+        }
+
+        return (short) (n0 | (n1 << 4) | (n2 << 8) | (n3 << 12));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to combine two nibbles into a byte.
+     *
+     * @param low {@code 0..15;} low nibble
+     * @param high {@code 0..15;} high nibble
+     * @return {@code 0..255;} combined value
+     */
+    protected static int makeByte(int low, int high) {
+        if ((low & 0xf) != low) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("low out of range 0..15");
+        }
+
+        if ((high & 0xf) != high) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("high out of range 0..15");
+        }
+
+        return low | (high << 4);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes one code unit to the given output destination.
+     *
+     * @param out {@code non-null;} where to write to
+     * @param c0 code unit to write
+     */
+    protected static void write(AnnotatedOutput out, short c0) {
+        out.writeShort(c0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes two code units to the given output destination.
+     *
+     * @param out {@code non-null;} where to write to
+     * @param c0 code unit to write
+     * @param c1 code unit to write
+     */
+    protected static void write(AnnotatedOutput out, short c0, short c1) {
+        out.writeShort(c0);
+        out.writeShort(c1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes three code units to the given output destination.
+     *
+     * @param out {@code non-null;} where to write to
+     * @param c0 code unit to write
+     * @param c1 code unit to write
+     * @param c2 code unit to write
+     */
+    protected static void write(AnnotatedOutput out, short c0, short c1,
+                                short c2) {
+        out.writeShort(c0);
+        out.writeShort(c1);
+        out.writeShort(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes four code units to the given output destination.
+     *
+     * @param out {@code non-null;} where to write to
+     * @param c0 code unit to write
+     * @param c1 code unit to write
+     * @param c2 code unit to write
+     * @param c3 code unit to write
+     */
+    protected static void write(AnnotatedOutput out, short c0, short c1,
+                                short c2, short c3) {
+        out.writeShort(c0);
+        out.writeShort(c1);
+        out.writeShort(c2);
+        out.writeShort(c3);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes five code units to the given output destination.
+     *
+     * @param out {@code non-null;} where to write to
+     * @param c0 code unit to write
+     * @param c1 code unit to write
+     * @param c2 code unit to write
+     * @param c3 code unit to write
+     * @param c4 code unit to write
+     */
+    protected static void write(AnnotatedOutput out, short c0, short c1,
+                                short c2, short c3, short c4) {
+        out.writeShort(c0);
+        out.writeShort(c1);
+        out.writeShort(c2);
+        out.writeShort(c3);
+        out.writeShort(c4);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes six code units to the given output destination.
+     *
+     * @param out {@code non-null;} where to write to
+     * @param c0 code unit to write
+     * @param c1 code unit to write
+     * @param c2 code unit to write
+     * @param c3 code unit to write
+     * @param c4 code unit to write
+     * @param c5 code unit to write
+     */
+    protected static void write(AnnotatedOutput out, short c0, short c1,
+                                short c2, short c3, short c4, short c5) {
+        out.writeShort(c0);
+        out.writeShort(c1);
+        out.writeShort(c2);
+        out.writeShort(c3);
+        out.writeShort(c4);
+        out.writeShort(c5);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/LocalEnd.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/LocalEnd.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..130b08b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/LocalEnd.java
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-instruction which is used to explicitly end the mapping of a
+ * register to a named local variable. That is, an instance of this
+ * class in an instruction stream indicates that starting with the
+ * subsequent instruction, the indicated variable is no longer valid.
+ */
+public final class LocalEnd extends ZeroSizeInsn {
+    /**
+     * {@code non-null;} register spec representing the local variable ended
+     * by this instance. <b>Note:</b> Technically, only the register
+     * number needs to be recorded here as the rest of the information
+     * is implicit in the ambient local variable state, but other code
+     * will check the other info for consistency.
+     */
+    private final RegisterSpec local;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     * @param local {@code non-null;} register spec representing the local
+     * variable introduced by this instance
+     */
+    public LocalEnd(SourcePosition position, RegisterSpec local) {
+        super(position);
+
+        if (local == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("local == null");
+        }
+
+        this.local = local;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisterOffset(int delta) {
+        return new LocalEnd(getPosition(), local.withOffset(delta));
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisters(RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        return new LocalEnd(getPosition(), local);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the register spec representing the local variable ended
+     * by this instance.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the register spec
+     */
+    public RegisterSpec getLocal() {
+        return local;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String argString() {
+        return local.toString();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String listingString0(boolean noteIndices) {
+        return "local-end " + LocalStart.localString(local);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/LocalList.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/LocalList.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1c3921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/LocalList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,948 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecSet;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstType;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstUtf8;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.type.Type;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.FixedSizeList;
+
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * List of local variables. Each local variable entry indicates a
+ * range of code which it is valid for, a register number, a name,
+ * and a type.
+ */
+public final class LocalList extends FixedSizeList {
+    /** {@code non-null;} empty instance */
+    public static final LocalList EMPTY = new LocalList(0);
+
+    /** whether to run the self-check code */
+    private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. All indices initially contain {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @param size {@code >= 0;} the size of the list
+     */
+    public LocalList(int size) {
+        super(size);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the element at the given index. It is an error to call
+     * this with the index for an element which was never set; if you
+     * do that, this will throw {@code NullPointerException}.
+     *
+     * @param n {@code >= 0, < size();} which index
+     * @return {@code non-null;} element at that index
+     */
+    public Entry get(int n) {
+        return (Entry) get0(n);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the entry at the given index.
+     *
+     * @param n {@code >= 0, < size();} which index
+     * @param entry {@code non-null;} the entry to set at {@code n}
+     */
+    public void set(int n, Entry entry) {
+        set0(n, entry);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does a human-friendly dump of this instance.
+     *
+     * @param out {@code non-null;} where to dump
+     * @param prefix {@code non-null;} prefix to attach to each line of output
+     */
+    public void debugPrint(PrintStream out, String prefix) {
+        int sz = size();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            out.print(prefix);
+            out.println(get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disposition of a local entry.
+     */
+    public static enum Disposition {
+        /** local started (introduced) */
+        START,
+
+        /** local ended without being replaced */
+        END_SIMPLY,
+
+        /** local ended because it was directly replaced */
+        END_REPLACED,
+
+        /** local ended because it was moved to a different register */
+        END_MOVED,
+
+        /**
+         * local ended because the previous local clobbered this one
+         * (because it is category-2)
+         */
+        END_CLOBBERED_BY_PREV,
+
+        /**
+         * local ended because the next local clobbered this one
+         * (because this one is a category-2)
+         */
+        END_CLOBBERED_BY_NEXT;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Entry in a local list.
+     */
+    public static class Entry implements Comparable<Entry> {
+        /** {@code >= 0;} address */
+        private final int address;
+
+        /** {@code non-null;} disposition of the local */
+        private final Disposition disposition;
+
+        /** {@code non-null;} register spec representing the variable */
+        private final RegisterSpec spec;
+
+        /** {@code non-null;} variable type (derived from {@code spec}) */
+        private final CstType type;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs an instance.
+         *
+         * @param address {@code >= 0;} address
+         * @param disposition {@code non-null;} disposition of the local
+         * @param spec {@code non-null;} register spec representing
+         * the variable
+         */
+        public Entry(int address, Disposition disposition, RegisterSpec spec) {
+            if (address < 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("address < 0");
+            }
+
+            if (disposition == null) {
+                throw new NullPointerException("disposition == null");
+            }
+
+            try {
+                if (spec.getLocalItem() == null) {
+                    throw new NullPointerException(
+                            "spec.getLocalItem() == null");
+                }
+            } catch (NullPointerException ex) {
+                // Elucidate the exception.
+                throw new NullPointerException("spec == null");
+            }
+
+            this.address = address;
+            this.disposition = disposition;
+            this.spec = spec;
+            this.type = CstType.intern(spec.getType());
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        public String toString() {
+            return Integer.toHexString(address) + " " + disposition + " " +
+                spec;
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        public boolean equals(Object other) {
+            if (!(other instanceof Entry)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return (compareTo((Entry) other) == 0);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Compares by (in priority order) address, end then start
+         * disposition (variants of end are all consistered
+         * equivalent), and spec.
+         *
+         * @param other {@code non-null;} entry to compare to
+         * @return {@code -1..1;} standard result of comparison
+         */
+        public int compareTo(Entry other) {
+            if (address < other.address) {
+                return -1;
+            } else if (address > other.address) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            boolean thisIsStart = isStart();
+            boolean otherIsStart = other.isStart();
+
+            if (thisIsStart != otherIsStart) {
+                return thisIsStart ? 1 : -1;
+            }
+
+            return spec.compareTo(other.spec);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the address.
+         *
+         * @return {@code >= 0;} the address
+         */
+        public int getAddress() {
+            return address;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the disposition.
+         *
+         * @return {@code non-null;} the disposition
+         */
+        public Disposition getDisposition() {
+            return disposition;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets whether this is a local start. This is just shorthand for
+         * {@code getDisposition() == Disposition.START}.
+         *
+         * @return {@code true} iff this is a start
+         */
+        public boolean isStart() {
+            return disposition == Disposition.START;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the variable name.
+         *
+         * @return {@code null-ok;} the variable name
+         */
+        public CstUtf8 getName() {
+            return spec.getLocalItem().getName();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the variable signature.
+         *
+         * @return {@code null-ok;} the variable signature
+         */
+        public CstUtf8 getSignature() {
+            return spec.getLocalItem().getSignature();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the variable's type.
+         *
+         * @return {@code non-null;} the type
+         */
+        public CstType getType() {
+            return type;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the number of the register holding the variable.
+         *
+         * @return {@code >= 0;} the number of the register holding
+         * the variable
+         */
+        public int getRegister() {
+            return spec.getReg();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the RegisterSpec of the register holding the variable.
+         *
+         * @return {@code non-null;} RegisterSpec of the holding register.
+         */
+        public RegisterSpec getRegisterSpec() {
+            return spec;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns whether or not this instance matches the given spec.
+         *
+         * @param otherSpec {@code non-null;} the spec in question
+         * @return {@code true} iff this instance matches
+         * {@code spec}
+         */
+        public boolean matches(RegisterSpec otherSpec) {
+            return spec.equalsUsingSimpleType(otherSpec);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns whether or not this instance matches the spec in
+         * the given instance.
+         *
+         * @param other {@code non-null;} another entry
+         * @return {@code true} iff this instance's spec matches
+         * {@code other}
+         */
+        public boolean matches(Entry other) {
+            return matches(other.spec);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns an instance just like this one but with the disposition
+         * set as given.
+         *
+         * @param disposition {@code non-null;} the new disposition
+         * @return {@code non-null;} an appropriately-constructed instance
+         */
+        public Entry withDisposition(Disposition disposition) {
+            if (disposition == this.disposition) {
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            return new Entry(address, disposition, spec);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance for the given method, based on the given
+     * block order and intermediate local information.
+     *
+     * @param insns {@code non-null;} instructions to convert
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the constructed list
+     */
+    public static LocalList make(DalvInsnList insns) {
+        int sz = insns.size();
+
+        /*
+         * Go through the insn list, looking for all the local
+         * variable pseudoinstructions, splitting out LocalSnapshots
+         * into separate per-variable starts, adding explicit ends
+         * wherever a variable is replaced or moved, and collecting
+         * these and all the other local variable "activity"
+         * together into an output list (without the other insns).
+         *
+         * Note: As of this writing, this method won't be handed any
+         * insn lists that contain local ends, but I (danfuzz) expect
+         * that to change at some point, when we start feeding that
+         * info explicitly into the rop layer rather than only trying
+         * to infer it. So, given that expectation, this code is
+         * written to deal with them.
+         */
+
+        MakeState state = new MakeState(sz);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            DalvInsn insn = insns.get(i);
+
+            if (insn instanceof LocalSnapshot) {
+                RegisterSpecSet snapshot =
+                    ((LocalSnapshot) insn).getLocals();
+                state.snapshot(insn.getAddress(), snapshot);
+            } else if (insn instanceof LocalStart) {
+                RegisterSpec local = ((LocalStart) insn).getLocal();
+                state.startLocal(insn.getAddress(), local);
+            } else if (insn instanceof LocalEnd) {
+                RegisterSpec local = ((LocalEnd) insn).getLocal();
+                state.endLocal(insn.getAddress(), local);
+            }
+        }
+
+        LocalList result = state.finish();
+
+        if (DEBUG) {
+            debugVerify(result);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Debugging helper that verifies the constraint that a list doesn't
+     * contain any redundant local starts and that local ends that are
+     * due to replacements are properly annotated.
+     */
+    private static void debugVerify(LocalList locals) {
+        try {
+            debugVerify0(locals);
+        } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
+            int sz = locals.size();
+            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                System.err.println(locals.get(i));
+            }
+            throw ex;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #debugVerify} which does most of the work.
+     */
+    private static void debugVerify0(LocalList locals) {
+        int sz = locals.size();
+        Entry[] active = new Entry[65536];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            Entry e = locals.get(i);
+            int reg = e.getRegister();
+
+            if (e.isStart()) {
+                Entry already = active[reg];
+
+                if ((already != null) && e.matches(already)) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("redundant start at " +
+                            Integer.toHexString(e.getAddress()) + ": got " +
+                            e + "; had " + already);
+                }
+
+                active[reg] = e;
+            } else {
+                if (active[reg] == null) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("redundant end at " +
+                            Integer.toHexString(e.getAddress()));
+                }
+
+                int addr = e.getAddress();
+                boolean foundStart = false;
+
+                for (int j = i + 1; j < sz; j++) {
+                    Entry test = locals.get(j);
+                    if (test.getAddress() != addr) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    if (test.getRegisterSpec().getReg() == reg) {
+                        if (test.isStart()) {
+                            if (e.getDisposition()
+                                    != Disposition.END_REPLACED) {
+                                throw new RuntimeException(
+                                        "improperly marked end at " +
+                                        Integer.toHexString(addr));
+                            }
+                            foundStart = true;
+                        } else {
+                            throw new RuntimeException(
+                                    "redundant end at " +
+                                    Integer.toHexString(addr));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!foundStart &&
+                        (e.getDisposition() == Disposition.END_REPLACED)) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(
+                            "improper end replacement claim at " +
+                            Integer.toHexString(addr));
+                }
+
+                active[reg] = null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Intermediate state when constructing a local list.
+     */
+    public static class MakeState {
+        /** {@code non-null;} result being collected */
+        private final ArrayList<Entry> result;
+
+        /**
+         * {@code >= 0;} running count of nulled result entries, to help with
+         * sizing the final list
+         */
+        private int nullResultCount;
+
+        /** {@code null-ok;} current register mappings */
+        private RegisterSpecSet regs;
+
+        /** {@code null-ok;} result indices where local ends are stored */
+        private int[] endIndices;
+
+        /** {@code >= 0;} last address seen */
+        private int lastAddress;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs an instance.
+         */
+        public MakeState(int initialSize) {
+            result = new ArrayList<Entry>(initialSize);
+            nullResultCount = 0;
+            regs = null;
+            endIndices = null;
+            lastAddress = 0;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Checks the address and other vitals as a prerequisite to
+         * further processing.
+         *
+         * @param address {@code >= 0;} address about to be processed
+         * @param reg {@code >= 0;} register number about to be processed
+         */
+        private void aboutToProcess(int address, int reg) {
+            boolean first = (endIndices == null);
+
+            if ((address == lastAddress) && !first) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (address < lastAddress) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("shouldn't happen");
+            }
+
+            if (first || (reg >= endIndices.length)) {
+                /*
+                 * This is the first allocation of the state set and
+                 * index array, or we need to grow. (The latter doesn't
+                 * happen much; in fact, we have only ever observed
+                 * it happening in test cases, never in "real" code.)
+                 */
+                int newSz = reg + 1;
+                RegisterSpecSet newRegs = new RegisterSpecSet(newSz);
+                int[] newEnds = new int[newSz];
+                Arrays.fill(newEnds, -1);
+
+                if (!first) {
+                    newRegs.putAll(regs);
+                    System.arraycopy(endIndices, 0, newEnds, 0,
+                            endIndices.length);
+                }
+
+                regs = newRegs;
+                endIndices = newEnds;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the local state at the given address to the given snapshot.
+         * The first call on this instance must be to this method, so that
+         * the register state can be properly sized.
+         *
+         * @param address {@code >= 0;} the address
+         * @param specs {@code non-null;} spec set representing the locals
+         */
+        public void snapshot(int address, RegisterSpecSet specs) {
+            if (DEBUG) {
+                System.err.printf("%04x snapshot %s\n", address, specs);
+            }
+
+            int sz = specs.getMaxSize();
+            aboutToProcess(address, sz - 1);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                RegisterSpec oldSpec = regs.get(i);
+                RegisterSpec newSpec = filterSpec(specs.get(i));
+
+                if (oldSpec == null) {
+                    if (newSpec != null) {
+                        startLocal(address, newSpec);
+                    }
+                } else if (newSpec == null) {
+                    endLocal(address, oldSpec);
+                } else if (! newSpec.equalsUsingSimpleType(oldSpec)) {
+                    endLocal(address, oldSpec);
+                    startLocal(address, newSpec);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (DEBUG) {
+                System.err.printf("%04x snapshot done\n", address);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Starts a local at the given address.
+         *
+         * @param address {@code >= 0;} the address
+         * @param startedLocal {@code non-null;} spec representing the
+         * started local
+         */
+        public void startLocal(int address, RegisterSpec startedLocal) {
+            if (DEBUG) {
+                System.err.printf("%04x start %s\n", address, startedLocal);
+            }
+
+            int regNum = startedLocal.getReg();
+
+            startedLocal = filterSpec(startedLocal);
+            aboutToProcess(address, regNum);
+
+            RegisterSpec existingLocal = regs.get(regNum);
+
+            if (startedLocal.equalsUsingSimpleType(existingLocal)) {
+                // Silently ignore a redundant start.
+                return;
+            }
+
+            RegisterSpec movedLocal = regs.findMatchingLocal(startedLocal);
+            if (movedLocal != null) {
+                /*
+                 * The same variable was moved from one register to another.
+                 * So add an end for its old location.
+                 */
+                addOrUpdateEnd(address, Disposition.END_MOVED, movedLocal);
+            }
+
+            int endAt = endIndices[regNum];
+
+            if (existingLocal != null) {
+                /*
+                 * There is an existing (but non-matching) local.
+                 * Add an explicit end for it.
+                 */
+                add(address, Disposition.END_REPLACED, existingLocal);
+            } else if (endAt >= 0) {
+                /*
+                 * Look for an end local for the same register at the
+                 * same address. If found, then update it or delete
+                 * it, depending on whether or not it represents the
+                 * same variable as the one being started.
+                 */
+                Entry endEntry = result.get(endAt);
+                if (endEntry.getAddress() == address) {
+                    if (endEntry.matches(startedLocal)) {
+                        /*
+                         * There was already an end local for the same
+                         * variable at the same address. This turns
+                         * out to be superfluous, as we are starting
+                         * up the exact same local. This situation can
+                         * happen when a single local variable got
+                         * somehow "split up" during intermediate
+                         * processing. In any case, rather than represent
+                         * the end-then-start, just remove the old end.
+                         */
+                        result.set(endAt, null);
+                        nullResultCount++;
+                        regs.put(startedLocal);
+                        endIndices[regNum] = -1;
+                        return;
+                    } else {
+                        /*
+                         * There was a different variable ended at the
+                         * same address. Update it to indicate that
+                         * it was ended due to a replacement (rather than
+                         * ending for no particular reason).
+                         */
+                        endEntry = endEntry.withDisposition(
+                                Disposition.END_REPLACED);
+                        result.set(endAt, endEntry);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * The code above didn't find and remove an unnecessary
+             * local end, so we now have to add one or more entries to
+             * the output to capture the transition.
+             */
+
+            /*
+             * If the local just below (in the register set at reg-1)
+             * is of category-2, then it is ended by this new start.
+             */
+            if (regNum > 0) {
+                RegisterSpec justBelow = regs.get(regNum - 1);
+                if ((justBelow != null) && justBelow.isCategory2()) {
+                    addOrUpdateEnd(address,
+                            Disposition.END_CLOBBERED_BY_NEXT,
+                            justBelow);
+                }
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Similarly, if this local is category-2, then the local
+             * just above (if any) is ended by the start now being
+             * emitted.
+             */
+            if (startedLocal.isCategory2()) {
+                RegisterSpec justAbove = regs.get(regNum + 1);
+                if (justAbove != null) {
+                    addOrUpdateEnd(address,
+                            Disposition.END_CLOBBERED_BY_PREV,
+                            justAbove);
+                }
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * TODO: Add an end for the same local in a different reg,
+             * if any (that is, if the local migrates from vX to vY,
+             * we should note that as a local end in vX).
+             */
+
+            add(address, Disposition.START, startedLocal);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Ends a local at the given address, using the disposition
+         * {@code END_SIMPLY}.
+         *
+         * @param address {@code >= 0;} the address
+         * @param endedLocal {@code non-null;} spec representing the
+         * local being ended
+         */
+        public void endLocal(int address, RegisterSpec endedLocal) {
+            endLocal(address, endedLocal, Disposition.END_SIMPLY);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Ends a local at the given address.
+         *
+         * @param address {@code >= 0;} the address
+         * @param endedLocal {@code non-null;} spec representing the
+         * local being ended
+         * @param disposition reason for the end
+         */
+        public void endLocal(int address, RegisterSpec endedLocal,
+                Disposition disposition) {
+            if (DEBUG) {
+                System.err.printf("%04x end %s\n", address, endedLocal);
+            }
+
+            int regNum = endedLocal.getReg();
+
+            endedLocal = filterSpec(endedLocal);
+            aboutToProcess(address, regNum);
+
+            int endAt = endIndices[regNum];
+
+            if (endAt >= 0) {
+                /*
+                 * The local in the given register is already ended.
+                 * Silently return without adding anything to the result.
+                 */
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Check for start and end at the same address.
+            if (checkForEmptyRange(address, endedLocal)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            add(address, disposition, endedLocal);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Helper for {@link #endLocal}, which handles the cases where
+         * and end local is issued at the same address as a start local
+         * for the same register. If this case is found, then this
+         * method will remove the start (as the local was never actually
+         * active), update the {@link #endIndices} to be accurate, and
+         * if needed update the newly-active end to reflect an altered
+         * disposition.
+         *
+         * @param address {@code >= 0;} the address
+         * @param endedLocal {@code non-null;} spec representing the
+         * local being ended
+         * @return {@code true} iff this method found the case in question
+         * and adjusted things accordingly
+         */
+        private boolean checkForEmptyRange(int address,
+                RegisterSpec endedLocal) {
+            int at = result.size() - 1;
+            Entry entry;
+
+            // Look for a previous entry at the same address.
+            for (/*at*/; at >= 0; at--) {
+                entry = result.get(at);
+
+                if (entry == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (entry.getAddress() != address) {
+                    // We didn't find any match at the same address.
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (entry.matches(endedLocal)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * In fact, we found that the endedLocal had started at the
+             * same address, so do all the requisite cleanup.
+             */
+
+            regs.remove(endedLocal);
+            result.set(at, null);
+            nullResultCount++;
+
+            int regNum = endedLocal.getReg();
+            boolean found = false;
+            entry = null;
+
+            // Now look back further to update where the register ended.
+            for (at--; at >= 0; at--) {
+                entry = result.get(at);
+
+                if (entry == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (entry.getRegisterSpec().getReg() == regNum) {
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (found) {
+                // We found an end for the same register.
+                endIndices[regNum] = at;
+
+                if (entry.getAddress() == address) {
+                    /*
+                     * It's still the same address, so update the
+                     * disposition.
+                     */
+                    result.set(at,
+                            entry.withDisposition(Disposition.END_SIMPLY));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Converts a given spec into the form acceptable for use in a
+         * local list. This, in particular, transforms the "known
+         * null" type into simply {@code Object}. This method needs to
+         * be called for any spec that is on its way into a locals
+         * list.
+         *
+         * <p>This isn't necessarily the cleanest way to achieve the
+         * goal of not representing known nulls in a locals list, but
+         * it gets the job done.</p>
+         *
+         * @param orig {@code null-ok;} the original spec
+         * @return {@code null-ok;} an appropriately modified spec, or the
+         * original if nothing needs to be done
+         */
+        private static RegisterSpec filterSpec(RegisterSpec orig) {
+            if ((orig != null) && (orig.getType() == Type.KNOWN_NULL)) {
+                return orig.withType(Type.OBJECT);
+            }
+
+            return orig;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Adds an entry to the result, updating the adjunct tables
+         * accordingly.
+         *
+         * @param address {@code >= 0;} the address
+         * @param disposition {@code non-null;} the disposition
+         * @param spec {@code non-null;} spec representing the local
+         */
+        private void add(int address, Disposition disposition,
+                RegisterSpec spec) {
+            int regNum = spec.getReg();
+
+            result.add(new Entry(address, disposition, spec));
+
+            if (disposition == Disposition.START) {
+                regs.put(spec);
+                endIndices[regNum] = -1;
+            } else {
+                regs.remove(spec);
+                endIndices[regNum] = result.size() - 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Adds or updates an end local (changing its disposition). If
+         * this would cause an empty range for a local, this instead
+         * removes the local entirely.
+         *
+         * @param address {@code >= 0;} the address
+         * @param disposition {@code non-null;} the disposition
+         * @param spec {@code non-null;} spec representing the local
+         */
+        private void addOrUpdateEnd(int address, Disposition disposition,
+                RegisterSpec spec) {
+            if (disposition == Disposition.START) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("shouldn't happen");
+            }
+
+            int regNum = spec.getReg();
+            int endAt = endIndices[regNum];
+
+            if (endAt >= 0) {
+                // There is a previous end.
+                Entry endEntry = result.get(endAt);
+                if ((endEntry.getAddress() == address) &&
+                        endEntry.getRegisterSpec().equals(spec)) {
+                    /*
+                     * The end is for the right address and variable, so
+                     * update it.
+                     */
+                    result.set(endAt, endEntry.withDisposition(disposition));
+                    regs.remove(spec); // TODO: Is this line superfluous?
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            endLocal(address, spec, disposition);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Finishes processing altogether and gets the result.
+         *
+         * @return {@code non-null;} the result list
+         */
+        public LocalList finish() {
+            aboutToProcess(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0);
+
+            int resultSz = result.size();
+            int finalSz = resultSz - nullResultCount;
+
+            if (finalSz == 0) {
+                return EMPTY;
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Collect an array of only the non-null entries, and then
+             * sort it to get a consistent order for everything: Local
+             * ends and starts for a given address could come in any
+             * order, but we want ends before starts as well as
+             * registers in order (within ends or starts).
+             */
+
+            Entry[] resultArr = new Entry[finalSz];
+
+            if (resultSz == finalSz) {
+                result.toArray(resultArr);
+            } else {
+                int at = 0;
+                for (Entry e : result) {
+                    if (e != null) {
+                        resultArr[at++] = e;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Arrays.sort(resultArr);
+
+            LocalList resultList = new LocalList(finalSz);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < finalSz; i++) {
+                resultList.set(i, resultArr[i]);
+            }
+
+            resultList.setImmutable();
+            return resultList;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/LocalSnapshot.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/LocalSnapshot.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81b78c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/LocalSnapshot.java
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecSet;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-instruction which is used to hold a snapshot of the
+ * state of local variable name mappings that exists immediately after
+ * the instance in an instruction array.
+ */
+public final class LocalSnapshot extends ZeroSizeInsn {
+    /** {@code non-null;} local state associated with this instance */
+    private final RegisterSpecSet locals;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     * @param locals {@code non-null;} associated local variable state
+     */
+    public LocalSnapshot(SourcePosition position, RegisterSpecSet locals) {
+        super(position);
+
+        if (locals == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("locals == null");
+        }
+
+        this.locals = locals;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisterOffset(int delta) {
+        return new LocalSnapshot(getPosition(), locals.withOffset(delta));
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisters(RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        return new LocalSnapshot(getPosition(), locals);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the local state associated with this instance.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the state
+     */
+    public RegisterSpecSet getLocals() {
+        return locals;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String argString() {
+        return locals.toString();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String listingString0(boolean noteIndices) {
+        int sz = locals.size();
+        int max = locals.getMaxSize();
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(100 + sz * 40);
+
+        sb.append("local-snapshot");
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
+            RegisterSpec spec = locals.get(i);
+            if (spec != null) {
+                sb.append("\n  ");
+                sb.append(LocalStart.localString(spec));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/LocalStart.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/LocalStart.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba426e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/LocalStart.java
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-instruction which is used to introduce a new local variable. That
+ * is, an instance of this class in an instruction stream indicates that
+ * starting with the subsequent instruction, the indicated variable
+ * is bound.
+ */
+public final class LocalStart extends ZeroSizeInsn {
+    /**
+     * {@code non-null;} register spec representing the local variable introduced
+     * by this instance
+     */
+    private final RegisterSpec local;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the local variable listing string for a single register spec.
+     *
+     * @param spec {@code non-null;} the spec to convert
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the string form
+     */
+    public static String localString(RegisterSpec spec) {
+        return spec.regString() + ' ' + spec.getLocalItem().toString() + ": " +
+            spec.getTypeBearer().toHuman();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     * @param local {@code non-null;} register spec representing the local
+     * variable introduced by this instance
+     */
+    public LocalStart(SourcePosition position, RegisterSpec local) {
+        super(position);
+
+        if (local == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("local == null");
+        }
+
+        this.local = local;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisterOffset(int delta) {
+        return new LocalStart(getPosition(), local.withOffset(delta));
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisters(RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        return new LocalStart(getPosition(), local);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the register spec representing the local variable introduced
+     * by this instance.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the register spec
+     */
+    public RegisterSpec getLocal() {
+        return local;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String argString() {
+        return local.toString();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String listingString0(boolean noteIndices) {
+        return "local-start " + localString(local);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/OddSpacer.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/OddSpacer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e2bab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/OddSpacer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-instruction which either turns into a {@code nop} or
+ * nothingness, in order to make the subsequent instruction have an
+ * even address. This is used to align (subsequent) instructions that
+ * require it.
+ */
+public final class OddSpacer extends VariableSizeInsn {
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     */
+    public OddSpacer(SourcePosition position) {
+        super(position, RegisterSpecList.EMPTY);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return (getAddress() & 1);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out) {
+        if (codeSize() != 0) {
+            out.writeShort(InsnFormat.codeUnit(DalvOps.NOP, 0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisters(RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        return new OddSpacer(getPosition());
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String argString() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String listingString0(boolean noteIndices) {
+        if (codeSize() == 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return "nop // spacer";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/OutputCollector.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/OutputCollector.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f970eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/OutputCollector.java
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+/**
+ * Destination for {@link DalvInsn} instances being output. This class
+ * receives and collects instructions in two pieces &mdash; a primary
+ * list and a suffix (generally consisting of adjunct data referred to
+ * by the primary list, such as switch case tables) &mdash; which it
+ * merges and emits back out in the form of a {@link DalvInsnList}
+ * instance.
+ */
+public final class OutputCollector {
+    /**
+     * {@code non-null;} the associated finisher (which holds the instruction
+     * list in-progress)
+     */
+    private final OutputFinisher finisher;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code null-ok;} suffix for the output, or {@code null} if the suffix
+     * has been appended to the main output (by {@link #appendSuffixToOutput})
+     */
+    private ArrayList<DalvInsn> suffix;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance.
+     *
+     * @param initialCapacity {@code >= 0;} initial capacity of the output list
+     * @param suffixInitialCapacity {@code >= 0;} initial capacity of the output
+     * suffix
+     * @param regCount {@code >= 0;} register count for the method
+     */
+    public OutputCollector(int initialCapacity, int suffixInitialCapacity,
+            int regCount) {
+        this.finisher = new OutputFinisher(initialCapacity, regCount);
+        this.suffix = new ArrayList<DalvInsn>(suffixInitialCapacity);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds an instruction to the output.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction to add
+     */
+    public void add(DalvInsn insn) {
+        finisher.add(insn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverses a branch which is buried a given number of instructions
+     * backward in the output. It is illegal to call this unless the
+     * indicated instruction really is a reversible branch.
+     *
+     * @param which how many instructions back to find the branch;
+     * {@code 0} is the most recently added instruction,
+     * {@code 1} is the instruction before that, etc.
+     * @param newTarget {@code non-null;} the new target for the reversed branch
+     */
+    public void reverseBranch(int which, CodeAddress newTarget) {
+        finisher.reverseBranch(which, newTarget);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds an instruction to the output suffix.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction to add
+     */
+    public void addSuffix(DalvInsn insn) {
+        suffix.add(insn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the results of all the calls on this instance, in the form of
+     * an {@link OutputFinisher}.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the output finisher
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this method has
+     * already been called
+     */
+    public OutputFinisher getFinisher() {
+        if (suffix == null) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("already processed");
+        }
+
+        appendSuffixToOutput();
+        return finisher;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #getFinisher}, which appends the suffix to
+     * the primary output.
+     */
+    private void appendSuffixToOutput() {
+        int size = suffix.size();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            finisher.add(suffix.get(i));
+        }
+
+        suffix = null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/OutputFinisher.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/OutputFinisher.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98c7e4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/OutputFinisher.java
@@ -0,0 +1,737 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.LocalItem;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecSet;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstMemberRef;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstType;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstUtf8;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.type.Type;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+
+/**
+ * Processor for instruction lists, which takes a "first cut" of
+ * instruction selection as a basis and produces a "final cut" in the
+ * form of a {@link DalvInsnList} instance.
+ */
+public final class OutputFinisher {
+    /**
+     * {@code >= 0;} register count for the method, not including any extra
+     * "reserved" registers needed to translate "difficult" instructions
+     */
+    private final int unreservedRegCount;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} the list of instructions, per se */
+    private ArrayList<DalvInsn> insns;
+
+    /** whether any instruction has position info */
+    private boolean hasAnyPositionInfo;
+
+    /** whether any instruction has local variable info */
+    private boolean hasAnyLocalInfo;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code >= 0;} the count of reserved registers (low-numbered
+     * registers used when expanding instructions that can't be
+     * represented simply); becomes valid after a call to {@link
+     * #massageInstructions}
+     */
+    private int reservedCount;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. It initially contains no instructions.
+     *
+     * @param regCount {@code >= 0;} register count for the method
+     * @param initialCapacity {@code >= 0;} initial capacity of the instructions
+     * list
+     */
+    public OutputFinisher(int initialCapacity, int regCount) {
+        this.unreservedRegCount = regCount;
+        this.insns = new ArrayList<DalvInsn>(initialCapacity);
+        this.reservedCount = -1;
+        this.hasAnyPositionInfo = false;
+        this.hasAnyLocalInfo = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether any of the instructions added to this instance
+     * come with position info.
+     *
+     * @return whether any of the instructions added to this instance
+     * come with position info
+     */
+    public boolean hasAnyPositionInfo() {
+        return hasAnyPositionInfo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether this instance has any local variable information.
+     *
+     * @return whether this instance has any local variable information
+     */
+    public boolean hasAnyLocalInfo() {
+        return hasAnyLocalInfo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #add} which scrutinizes a single
+     * instruction for local variable information.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} instruction to scrutinize
+     * @return {@code true} iff the instruction refers to any
+     * named locals
+     */
+    private static boolean hasLocalInfo(DalvInsn insn) {
+        if (insn instanceof LocalSnapshot) {
+            RegisterSpecSet specs = ((LocalSnapshot) insn).getLocals();
+            int size = specs.size();
+            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                if (hasLocalInfo(specs.get(i))) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (insn instanceof LocalStart) {
+            RegisterSpec spec = ((LocalStart) insn).getLocal();
+            if (hasLocalInfo(spec)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #hasAnyLocalInfo} which scrutinizes a single
+     * register spec.
+     *
+     * @param spec {@code non-null;} spec to scrutinize
+     * @return {@code true} iff the spec refers to any
+     * named locals
+     */
+    private static boolean hasLocalInfo(RegisterSpec spec) {
+        return (spec != null)
+            && (spec.getLocalItem().getName() != null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the set of all constants referred to by instructions added
+     * to this instance.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the set of constants
+     */
+    public HashSet<Constant> getAllConstants() {
+        HashSet<Constant> result = new HashSet<Constant>(20);
+
+        for (DalvInsn insn : insns) {
+            addConstants(result, insn);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #getAllConstants} which adds all the info for
+     * a single instruction.
+     *
+     * @param result {@code non-null;} result set to add to
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} instruction to scrutinize
+     */
+    private static void addConstants(HashSet<Constant> result,
+            DalvInsn insn) {
+        if (insn instanceof CstInsn) {
+            Constant cst = ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+            result.add(cst);
+        } else if (insn instanceof LocalSnapshot) {
+            RegisterSpecSet specs = ((LocalSnapshot) insn).getLocals();
+            int size = specs.size();
+            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                addConstants(result, specs.get(i));
+            }
+        } else if (insn instanceof LocalStart) {
+            RegisterSpec spec = ((LocalStart) insn).getLocal();
+            addConstants(result, spec);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #getAllConstants} which adds all the info for
+     * a single {@code RegisterSpec}.
+     *
+     * @param result {@code non-null;} result set to add to
+     * @param spec {@code null-ok;} register spec to add
+     */
+    private static void addConstants(HashSet<Constant> result,
+            RegisterSpec spec) {
+        if (spec == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        LocalItem local = spec.getLocalItem();
+        CstUtf8 name = local.getName();
+        CstUtf8 signature = local.getSignature();
+        Type type = spec.getType();
+
+        if (type != Type.KNOWN_NULL) {
+            result.add(CstType.intern(type));
+        }
+
+        if (name != null) {
+            result.add(name);
+        }
+
+        if (signature != null) {
+            result.add(signature);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds an instruction to the output.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction to add
+     */
+    public void add(DalvInsn insn) {
+        insns.add(insn);
+        updateInfo(insn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inserts an instruction in the output at the given offset.
+     *
+     * @param at {@code >= 0;} what index to insert at
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction to insert
+     */
+    public void insert(int at, DalvInsn insn) {
+        insns.add(at, insn);
+        updateInfo(insn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #add} and {@link #insert},
+     * which updates the position and local info flags.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} an instruction that was just introduced
+     */
+    private void updateInfo(DalvInsn insn) {
+        if (! hasAnyPositionInfo) {
+            SourcePosition pos = insn.getPosition();
+            if (pos.getLine() >= 0) {
+                hasAnyPositionInfo = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (! hasAnyLocalInfo) {
+            if (hasLocalInfo(insn)) {
+                hasAnyLocalInfo = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverses a branch which is buried a given number of instructions
+     * backward in the output. It is illegal to call this unless the
+     * indicated instruction really is a reversible branch.
+     *
+     * @param which how many instructions back to find the branch;
+     * {@code 0} is the most recently added instruction,
+     * {@code 1} is the instruction before that, etc.
+     * @param newTarget {@code non-null;} the new target for the reversed branch
+     */
+    public void reverseBranch(int which, CodeAddress newTarget) {
+        int size = insns.size();
+        int index = size - which - 1;
+        TargetInsn targetInsn;
+
+        try {
+            targetInsn = (TargetInsn) insns.get(index);
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
+            // Translate the exception.
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("too few instructions");
+        } catch (ClassCastException ex) {
+            // Translate the exception.
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("non-reversible instruction");
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * No need to call this.set(), since the format and other info
+         * are the same.
+         */
+        insns.set(index, targetInsn.withNewTargetAndReversed(newTarget));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns indices in all instructions that need them, using the
+     * given callback to perform lookups. This should be called before
+     * calling {@link #finishProcessingAndGetList}.
+     *
+     * @param callback {@code non-null;} callback object
+     */
+    public void assignIndices(DalvCode.AssignIndicesCallback callback) {
+        for (DalvInsn insn : insns) {
+            if (insn instanceof CstInsn) {
+                assignIndices((CstInsn) insn, callback);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #assignIndices} which does assignment for one
+     * instruction.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction
+     * @param callback {@code non-null;} the callback
+     */
+    private static void assignIndices(CstInsn insn,
+            DalvCode.AssignIndicesCallback callback) {
+        Constant cst = insn.getConstant();
+        int index = callback.getIndex(cst);
+
+        if (index >= 0) {
+            insn.setIndex(index);
+        }
+
+        if (cst instanceof CstMemberRef) {
+            CstMemberRef member = (CstMemberRef) cst;
+            CstType definer = member.getDefiningClass();
+            index = callback.getIndex(definer);
+            if (index >= 0) {
+                insn.setClassIndex(index);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does final processing on this instance and gets the output as
+     * a {@link DalvInsnList}. Final processing consists of:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>optionally renumbering registers (to make room as needed for
+     *   expanded instructions)</li>
+     *   <li>picking a final opcode for each instruction</li>
+     *   <li>rewriting instructions, because of register number,
+     *   constant pool index, or branch target size issues</li>
+     *   <li>assigning final addresses</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * <p><b>Note:</b> This method may only be called once per instance
+     * of this class.</p>
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the output list
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this method has
+     * already been called
+     */
+    public DalvInsnList finishProcessingAndGetList() {
+        if (reservedCount >= 0) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("already processed");
+        }
+
+        InsnFormat[] formats = makeFormatsArray();
+        reserveRegisters(formats);
+        massageInstructions(formats);
+        assignAddressesAndFixBranches();
+
+        return DalvInsnList.makeImmutable(insns,
+                reservedCount + unreservedRegCount);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #finishProcessingAndGetList}, which extracts
+     * the format out of each instruction into a separate array, to be
+     * further manipulated as things progress.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the array of formats
+     */
+    private InsnFormat[] makeFormatsArray() {
+        int size = insns.size();
+        InsnFormat[] result = new InsnFormat[size];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            result[i] = insns.get(i).getOpcode().getFormat();
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #finishProcessingAndGetList}, which figures
+     * out how many reserved registers are required and then reserving
+     * them. It also updates the given {@code formats} array so
+     * as to avoid extra work when constructing the massaged
+     * instruction list.
+     *
+     * @param formats {@code non-null;} array of per-instruction format selections
+     */
+    private void reserveRegisters(InsnFormat[] formats) {
+        int oldReservedCount = (reservedCount < 0) ? 0 : reservedCount;
+
+        /*
+         * Call calculateReservedCount() and then perform register
+         * reservation, repeatedly until no new reservations happen.
+         */
+        for (;;) {
+            int newReservedCount = calculateReservedCount(formats);
+            if (oldReservedCount >= newReservedCount) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            int reservedDifference = newReservedCount - oldReservedCount;
+            int size = insns.size();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                /*
+                 * CodeAddress instance identity is used to link
+                 * TargetInsns to their targets, so it is
+                 * inappropriate to make replacements, and they don't
+                 * have registers in any case. Hence, the instanceof
+                 * test below.
+                 */
+                DalvInsn insn = insns.get(i);
+                if (!(insn instanceof CodeAddress)) {
+                    /*
+                     * No need to call this.set() since the format and
+                     * other info are the same.
+                     */
+                    insns.set(i, insn.withRegisterOffset(reservedDifference));
+                }
+            }
+
+            oldReservedCount = newReservedCount;
+        }
+
+        reservedCount = oldReservedCount;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #reserveRegisters}, which does one
+     * pass over the instructions, calculating the number of
+     * registers that need to be reserved. It also updates the
+     * {@code formats} list to help avoid extra work in future
+     * register reservation passes.
+     *
+     * @param formats {@code non-null;} array of per-instruction format selections
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the count of reserved registers
+     */
+    private int calculateReservedCount(InsnFormat[] formats) {
+        int size = insns.size();
+
+        /*
+         * Potential new value of reservedCount, which gets updated in the
+         * following loop. It starts out with the existing reservedCount
+         * and gets increased if it turns out that additional registers
+         * need to be reserved.
+         */
+        int newReservedCount = reservedCount;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            DalvInsn insn = insns.get(i);
+            InsnFormat originalFormat = formats[i];
+            InsnFormat newFormat = findFormatForInsn(insn, originalFormat);
+
+            if (originalFormat == newFormat) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (newFormat == null) {
+                /*
+                 * The instruction will need to be expanded, so reserve
+                 * registers for it.
+                 */
+                int reserve = insn.getMinimumRegisterRequirement();
+                if (reserve > newReservedCount) {
+                    newReservedCount = reserve;
+                }
+            }
+
+            formats[i] = newFormat;
+        }
+
+        return newReservedCount;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to fit the given instruction into a format, returning
+     * either a format that the instruction fits into or {@code null}
+     * to indicate that the instruction will need to be expanded. This
+     * fitting process starts with the given format as a first "best
+     * guess" and then pessimizes from there if necessary.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the instruction in question
+     * @param format {@code null-ok;} the current guess as to the best instruction
+     * format to use; {@code null} means that no simple format fits
+     * @return {@code null-ok;} a possibly-different format, which is either a
+     * good fit or {@code null} to indicate that no simple format
+     * fits
+     */
+    private InsnFormat findFormatForInsn(DalvInsn insn, InsnFormat format) {
+        if (format == null) {
+            // The instruction is already known not to fit any simple format.
+            return format;
+        }
+
+        if (format.isCompatible(insn)) {
+            // The instruction already fits in the current best-known format.
+            return format;
+        }
+
+        Dop dop = insn.getOpcode();
+        int family = dop.getFamily();
+
+        for (;;) {
+            format = format.nextUp();
+            if ((format == null) ||
+                    (format.isCompatible(insn) &&
+                     (Dops.getOrNull(family, format) != null))) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return format;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #finishProcessingAndGetList}, which goes
+     * through each instruction in the output, making sure its opcode
+     * can accomodate its arguments. In cases where the opcode is
+     * unable to do so, this replaces the instruction with a larger
+     * instruction with identical semantics that <i>will</i> work.
+     *
+     * <p>This method may also reserve a number of low-numbered
+     * registers, renumbering the instructions' original registers, in
+     * order to have register space available in which to move
+     * very-high registers when expanding instructions into
+     * multi-instruction sequences. This expansion is done when no
+     * simple instruction format can be found for a given instruction that
+     * is able to accomodate that instruction's registers.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method ignores issues of branch target size, since
+     * final addresses aren't known at the point that this method is
+     * called.</p>
+     *
+     * @param formats {@code non-null;} array of per-instruction format selections
+     */
+    private void massageInstructions(InsnFormat[] formats) {
+        if (reservedCount == 0) {
+            /*
+             * The easy common case: No registers were reserved, so we
+             * merely need to replace any instructions whose format changed
+             * during the reservation pass, but all instructions will stay
+             * at their original indices, and the instruction list doesn't
+             * grow.
+             */
+            int size = insns.size();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                DalvInsn insn = insns.get(i);
+                Dop dop = insn.getOpcode();
+                InsnFormat format = formats[i];
+
+                if (format != dop.getFormat()) {
+                    dop = Dops.getOrNull(dop.getFamily(), format);
+                    insns.set(i, insn.withOpcode(dop));
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            /*
+             * The difficult uncommon case: Some instructions have to be
+             * expanded to deal with high registers.
+             */
+            insns = performExpansion(formats);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #massageInstructions}, which constructs a
+     * replacement list, where each {link DalvInsn} instance that
+     * couldn't be represented simply (due to register representation
+     * problems) is expanded into a series of instances that together
+     * perform the proper function.
+     *
+     * @param formats {@code non-null;} array of per-instruction format selections
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the replacement list
+     */
+    private ArrayList<DalvInsn> performExpansion(InsnFormat[] formats) {
+        int size = insns.size();
+        ArrayList<DalvInsn> result = new ArrayList<DalvInsn>(size * 2);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            DalvInsn insn = insns.get(i);
+            Dop dop = insn.getOpcode();
+            InsnFormat originalFormat = dop.getFormat();
+            InsnFormat currentFormat = formats[i];
+            DalvInsn prefix;
+            DalvInsn suffix;
+
+            if (currentFormat != null) {
+                // No expansion is necessary.
+                prefix = null;
+                suffix = null;
+            } else {
+                // Expansion is required.
+                prefix = insn.hrPrefix();
+                suffix = insn.hrSuffix();
+
+                /*
+                 * Get the initial guess as to the hr version, but then
+                 * let findFormatForInsn() pick a better format, if any.
+                 */
+                insn = insn.hrVersion();
+                originalFormat = insn.getOpcode().getFormat();
+                currentFormat = findFormatForInsn(insn, originalFormat);
+            }
+
+            if (prefix != null) {
+                result.add(prefix);
+            }
+
+            if (currentFormat != originalFormat) {
+                dop = Dops.getOrNull(dop.getFamily(), currentFormat);
+                insn = insn.withOpcode(dop);
+            }
+            result.add(insn);
+
+            if (suffix != null) {
+                result.add(suffix);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #finishProcessingAndGetList}, which assigns
+     * addresses to each instruction, possibly rewriting branches to
+     * fix ones that wouldn't otherwise be able to reach their
+     * targets.
+     */
+    private void assignAddressesAndFixBranches() {
+        for (;;) {
+            assignAddresses();
+            if (!fixBranches()) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #assignAddressesAndFixBranches}, which
+     * assigns an address to each instruction, in order.
+     */
+    private void assignAddresses() {
+        int address = 0;
+        int size = insns.size();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            DalvInsn insn = insns.get(i);
+            insn.setAddress(address);
+            address += insn.codeSize();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #assignAddressesAndFixBranches}, which checks
+     * the branch target size requirement of each branch instruction
+     * to make sure it fits. For instructions that don't fit, this
+     * rewrites them to use a {@code goto} of some sort. In the
+     * case of a conditional branch that doesn't fit, the sense of the
+     * test is reversed in order to branch around a {@code goto}
+     * to the original target.
+     *
+     * @return whether any branches had to be fixed
+     */
+    private boolean fixBranches() {
+        int size = insns.size();
+        boolean anyFixed = false;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            DalvInsn insn = insns.get(i);
+            if (!(insn instanceof TargetInsn)) {
+                // This loop only needs to inspect TargetInsns.
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            Dop dop = insn.getOpcode();
+            InsnFormat format = dop.getFormat();
+            TargetInsn target = (TargetInsn) insn;
+
+            if (format.branchFits(target)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (dop.getFamily() == DalvOps.GOTO) {
+                // It is a goto; widen it if possible.
+                InsnFormat newFormat = findFormatForInsn(insn, format);
+                if (newFormat == null) {
+                    /*
+                     * The branch is already maximally large. This should
+                     * only be possible if a method somehow manages to have
+                     * more than 2^31 code units.
+                     */
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("method too long");
+                }
+                dop = Dops.getOrNull(dop.getFamily(), newFormat);
+                insn = insn.withOpcode(dop);
+                insns.set(i, insn);
+            } else {
+                /*
+                 * It is a conditional: Reverse its sense, and arrange for
+                 * it to branch around an absolute goto to the original
+                 * branch target.
+                 *
+                 * Note: An invariant of the list being processed is
+                 * that every TargetInsn is followed by a CodeAddress.
+                 * Hence, it is always safe to get the next element
+                 * after a TargetInsn and cast it to CodeAddress, as
+                 * is happening a few lines down.
+                 *
+                 * Also note: Size gets incremented by one here, as we
+                 * have -- in the net -- added one additional element
+                 * to the list, so we increment i to match. The added
+                 * and changed elements will be inspected by a repeat
+                 * call to this method after this invocation returns.
+                 */
+                CodeAddress newTarget;
+                try {
+                    newTarget = (CodeAddress) insns.get(i + 1);
+                } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
+                    // The TargetInsn / CodeAddress invariant was violated.
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                            "unpaired TargetInsn (dangling)");
+                } catch (ClassCastException ex) {
+                    // The TargetInsn / CodeAddress invariant was violated.
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("unpaired TargetInsn");
+                }
+                TargetInsn gotoInsn =
+                    new TargetInsn(Dops.GOTO, target.getPosition(),
+                            RegisterSpecList.EMPTY, target.getTarget());
+                insns.set(i, gotoInsn);
+                insns.add(i, target.withNewTargetAndReversed(newTarget));
+                size++;
+                i++;
+            }
+
+            anyFixed = true;
+        }
+
+        return anyFixed;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/PositionList.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/PositionList.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b52f26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/PositionList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.FixedSizeList;
+
+/**
+ * List of source position entries. This class includes a utility
+ * method to extract an instance out of a {@link DalvInsnList}.
+ */
+public final class PositionList extends FixedSizeList {
+    /** {@code non-null;} empty instance */
+    public static final PositionList EMPTY = new PositionList(0);
+
+    /**
+     * constant for {@link #make} to indicate that no actual position
+     * information should be returned
+     */
+    public static final int NONE = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * constant for {@link #make} to indicate that only line number
+     * transitions should be returned
+     */
+    public static final int LINES = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * constant for {@link #make} to indicate that only "important" position
+     * information should be returned. This includes block starts and
+     * instructions that might throw.
+     */
+    public static final int IMPORTANT = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts and returns the source position information out of an
+     * instruction list.
+     *
+     * @param insns {@code non-null;} instructions to convert
+     * @param howMuch how much information should be included; one of the
+     * static constants defined by this class
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the positions list
+     */
+    public static PositionList make(DalvInsnList insns, int howMuch) {
+        switch (howMuch) {
+            case NONE: {
+                return EMPTY;
+            }
+            case LINES:
+            case IMPORTANT: {
+                // Valid.
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("bogus howMuch");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SourcePosition noInfo = SourcePosition.NO_INFO;
+        SourcePosition cur = noInfo;
+        int sz = insns.size();
+        PositionList.Entry[] arr = new PositionList.Entry[sz];
+        boolean lastWasTarget = false;
+        int at = 0;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            DalvInsn insn = insns.get(i);
+
+            if (insn instanceof CodeAddress) {
+                lastWasTarget = true;;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            SourcePosition pos = insn.getPosition();
+
+            if (pos.equals(noInfo) || pos.sameLine(cur)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ((howMuch == IMPORTANT) && !lastWasTarget) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            cur = pos;
+            arr[at] = new PositionList.Entry(insn.getAddress(), pos);
+            at++;
+
+            lastWasTarget = false;
+        }
+
+        PositionList result = new PositionList(at);
+        for (int i = 0; i < at; i++) {
+            result.set(i, arr[i]);
+        }
+
+        result.setImmutable();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. All indices initially contain {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @param size {@code >= 0;} the size of the list
+     */
+    public PositionList(int size) {
+        super(size);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the element at the given index. It is an error to call
+     * this with the index for an element which was never set; if you
+     * do that, this will throw {@code NullPointerException}.
+     *
+     * @param n {@code >= 0, < size();} which index
+     * @return {@code non-null;} element at that index
+     */
+    public Entry get(int n) {
+        return (Entry) get0(n);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the entry at the given index.
+     *
+     * @param n {@code >= 0, < size();} which index
+     * @param entry {@code non-null;} the entry to set at {@code n}
+     */
+    public void set(int n, Entry entry) {
+        set0(n, entry);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Entry in a position list.
+     */
+    public static class Entry {
+        /** {@code >= 0;} address of this entry */
+        private final int address;
+
+        /** {@code non-null;} corresponding source position information */
+        private final SourcePosition position;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs an instance.
+         *
+         * @param address {@code >= 0;} address of this entry
+         * @param position {@code non-null;} corresponding source position information
+         */
+        public Entry (int address, SourcePosition position) {
+            if (address < 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("address < 0");
+            }
+
+            if (position == null) {
+                throw new NullPointerException("position == null");
+            }
+
+            this.address = address;
+            this.position = position;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the address.
+         *
+         * @return {@code >= 0;} the address
+         */
+        public int getAddress() {
+            return address;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the source position information.
+         *
+         * @return {@code non-null;} the position information
+         */
+        public SourcePosition getPosition() {
+            return position;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/RopToDop.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/RopToDop.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03d1de8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/RopToDop.java
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.Insn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegOps;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.Rop;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.Rops;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.ThrowingCstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstFieldRef;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstString;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstType;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.type.Type;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+
+/**
+ * Translator from rop-level {@link Insn} instances to corresponding
+ * {@link Dop} instances.
+ */
+public final class RopToDop {
+    /** {@code non-null;} map from all the common rops to dalvik opcodes */
+    private static final HashMap<Rop, Dop> MAP;
+
+    /**
+     * This class is uninstantiable.
+     */
+    private RopToDop() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    static {
+        /*
+         * Note: The choices made here are to pick the optimistically
+         * smallest Dalvik opcode, and leave it to later processing to
+         * pessimize.
+         */
+        MAP = new HashMap<Rop, Dop>(400);
+        MAP.put(Rops.NOP,               Dops.NOP);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MOVE_INT,          Dops.MOVE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MOVE_LONG,         Dops.MOVE_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MOVE_FLOAT,        Dops.MOVE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MOVE_DOUBLE,       Dops.MOVE_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MOVE_OBJECT,       Dops.MOVE_OBJECT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MOVE_PARAM_INT,    Dops.MOVE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MOVE_PARAM_LONG,   Dops.MOVE_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MOVE_PARAM_FLOAT,  Dops.MOVE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MOVE_PARAM_DOUBLE, Dops.MOVE_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MOVE_PARAM_OBJECT, Dops.MOVE_OBJECT);
+
+        /*
+         * Note: No entry for MOVE_EXCEPTION, since it varies by
+         * exception type. (That is, there is no unique instance to
+         * add to the map.)
+         */
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONST_INT,         Dops.CONST_4);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONST_LONG,        Dops.CONST_WIDE_16);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONST_FLOAT,       Dops.CONST_4);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONST_DOUBLE,      Dops.CONST_WIDE_16);
+
+        /*
+         * Note: No entry for CONST_OBJECT, since it needs to turn
+         * into either CONST_STRING or CONST_CLASS.
+         */
+
+        /*
+         * TODO: I think the only case of this is for null, and
+         * const/4 should cover that.
+         */
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONST_OBJECT_NOTHROW, Dops.CONST_4);
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.GOTO,                 Dops.GOTO);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_EQZ_INT,           Dops.IF_EQZ);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_NEZ_INT,           Dops.IF_NEZ);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_LTZ_INT,           Dops.IF_LTZ);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_GEZ_INT,           Dops.IF_GEZ);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_LEZ_INT,           Dops.IF_LEZ);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_GTZ_INT,           Dops.IF_GTZ);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_EQZ_OBJECT,        Dops.IF_EQZ);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_NEZ_OBJECT,        Dops.IF_NEZ);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_EQ_INT,            Dops.IF_EQ);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_NE_INT,            Dops.IF_NE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_LT_INT,            Dops.IF_LT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_GE_INT,            Dops.IF_GE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_LE_INT,            Dops.IF_LE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_GT_INT,            Dops.IF_GT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_EQ_OBJECT,         Dops.IF_EQ);
+        MAP.put(Rops.IF_NE_OBJECT,         Dops.IF_NE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.SWITCH,               Dops.SPARSE_SWITCH);
+        MAP.put(Rops.ADD_INT,              Dops.ADD_INT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.ADD_LONG,             Dops.ADD_LONG_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.ADD_FLOAT,            Dops.ADD_FLOAT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.ADD_DOUBLE,           Dops.ADD_DOUBLE_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.SUB_INT,              Dops.SUB_INT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.SUB_LONG,             Dops.SUB_LONG_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.SUB_FLOAT,            Dops.SUB_FLOAT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.SUB_DOUBLE,           Dops.SUB_DOUBLE_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MUL_INT,              Dops.MUL_INT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MUL_LONG,             Dops.MUL_LONG_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MUL_FLOAT,            Dops.MUL_FLOAT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MUL_DOUBLE,           Dops.MUL_DOUBLE_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.DIV_INT,              Dops.DIV_INT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.DIV_LONG,             Dops.DIV_LONG_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.DIV_FLOAT,            Dops.DIV_FLOAT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.DIV_DOUBLE,           Dops.DIV_DOUBLE_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.REM_INT,              Dops.REM_INT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.REM_LONG,             Dops.REM_LONG_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.REM_FLOAT,            Dops.REM_FLOAT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.REM_DOUBLE,           Dops.REM_DOUBLE_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.NEG_INT,              Dops.NEG_INT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.NEG_LONG,             Dops.NEG_LONG);
+        MAP.put(Rops.NEG_FLOAT,            Dops.NEG_FLOAT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.NEG_DOUBLE,           Dops.NEG_DOUBLE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.AND_INT,              Dops.AND_INT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.AND_LONG,             Dops.AND_LONG_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.OR_INT,               Dops.OR_INT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.OR_LONG,              Dops.OR_LONG_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.XOR_INT,              Dops.XOR_INT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.XOR_LONG,             Dops.XOR_LONG_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.SHL_INT,              Dops.SHL_INT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.SHL_LONG,             Dops.SHL_LONG_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.SHR_INT,              Dops.SHR_INT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.SHR_LONG,             Dops.SHR_LONG_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.USHR_INT,             Dops.USHR_INT_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.USHR_LONG,            Dops.USHR_LONG_2ADDR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.NOT_INT,              Dops.NOT_INT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.NOT_LONG,             Dops.NOT_LONG);
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.ADD_CONST_INT,        Dops.ADD_INT_LIT8);
+        // Note: No dalvik ops for other types of add_const.
+
+        /*
+         * Note: No dalvik ops for any type of sub_const; there's a
+         * *reverse* sub (constant - reg) for ints, though, but that
+         * should end up getting handled at optimization time.
+         */
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.MUL_CONST_INT,        Dops.MUL_INT_LIT8);
+        // Note: No dalvik ops for other types of mul_const.
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.DIV_CONST_INT,        Dops.DIV_INT_LIT8);
+        // Note: No dalvik ops for other types of div_const.
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.REM_CONST_INT,        Dops.REM_INT_LIT8);
+        // Note: No dalvik ops for other types of rem_const.
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.AND_CONST_INT,        Dops.AND_INT_LIT8);
+        // Note: No dalvik op for and_const_long.
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.OR_CONST_INT,         Dops.OR_INT_LIT8);
+        // Note: No dalvik op for or_const_long.
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.XOR_CONST_INT,        Dops.XOR_INT_LIT8);
+        // Note: No dalvik op for xor_const_long.
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.SHL_CONST_INT,        Dops.SHL_INT_LIT8);
+        // Note: No dalvik op for shl_const_long.
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.SHR_CONST_INT,        Dops.SHR_INT_LIT8);
+        // Note: No dalvik op for shr_const_long.
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.USHR_CONST_INT,       Dops.USHR_INT_LIT8);
+        // Note: No dalvik op for shr_const_long.
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.CMPL_LONG,            Dops.CMP_LONG);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CMPL_FLOAT,           Dops.CMPL_FLOAT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CMPL_DOUBLE,          Dops.CMPL_DOUBLE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CMPG_FLOAT,           Dops.CMPG_FLOAT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CMPG_DOUBLE,          Dops.CMPG_DOUBLE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONV_L2I,             Dops.LONG_TO_INT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONV_F2I,             Dops.FLOAT_TO_INT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONV_D2I,             Dops.DOUBLE_TO_INT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONV_I2L,             Dops.INT_TO_LONG);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONV_F2L,             Dops.FLOAT_TO_LONG);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONV_D2L,             Dops.DOUBLE_TO_LONG);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONV_I2F,             Dops.INT_TO_FLOAT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONV_L2F,             Dops.LONG_TO_FLOAT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONV_D2F,             Dops.DOUBLE_TO_FLOAT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONV_I2D,             Dops.INT_TO_DOUBLE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONV_L2D,             Dops.LONG_TO_DOUBLE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CONV_F2D,             Dops.FLOAT_TO_DOUBLE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.TO_BYTE,              Dops.INT_TO_BYTE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.TO_CHAR,              Dops.INT_TO_CHAR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.TO_SHORT,             Dops.INT_TO_SHORT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.RETURN_VOID,          Dops.RETURN_VOID);
+        MAP.put(Rops.RETURN_INT,           Dops.RETURN);
+        MAP.put(Rops.RETURN_LONG,          Dops.RETURN_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.RETURN_FLOAT,         Dops.RETURN);
+        MAP.put(Rops.RETURN_DOUBLE,        Dops.RETURN_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.RETURN_OBJECT,        Dops.RETURN_OBJECT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.ARRAY_LENGTH,         Dops.ARRAY_LENGTH);
+        MAP.put(Rops.THROW,                Dops.THROW);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MONITOR_ENTER,        Dops.MONITOR_ENTER);
+        MAP.put(Rops.MONITOR_EXIT,         Dops.MONITOR_EXIT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.AGET_INT,             Dops.AGET);
+        MAP.put(Rops.AGET_LONG,            Dops.AGET_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.AGET_FLOAT,           Dops.AGET);
+        MAP.put(Rops.AGET_DOUBLE,          Dops.AGET_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.AGET_OBJECT,          Dops.AGET_OBJECT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.AGET_BOOLEAN,         Dops.AGET_BOOLEAN);
+        MAP.put(Rops.AGET_BYTE,            Dops.AGET_BYTE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.AGET_CHAR,            Dops.AGET_CHAR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.AGET_SHORT,           Dops.AGET_SHORT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.APUT_INT,             Dops.APUT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.APUT_LONG,            Dops.APUT_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.APUT_FLOAT,           Dops.APUT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.APUT_DOUBLE,          Dops.APUT_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.APUT_OBJECT,          Dops.APUT_OBJECT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.APUT_BOOLEAN,         Dops.APUT_BOOLEAN);
+        MAP.put(Rops.APUT_BYTE,            Dops.APUT_BYTE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.APUT_CHAR,            Dops.APUT_CHAR);
+        MAP.put(Rops.APUT_SHORT,           Dops.APUT_SHORT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.NEW_INSTANCE,         Dops.NEW_INSTANCE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.CHECK_CAST,           Dops.CHECK_CAST);
+        MAP.put(Rops.INSTANCE_OF,          Dops.INSTANCE_OF);
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.GET_FIELD_LONG,       Dops.IGET_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.GET_FIELD_FLOAT,      Dops.IGET);
+        MAP.put(Rops.GET_FIELD_DOUBLE,     Dops.IGET_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.GET_FIELD_OBJECT,     Dops.IGET_OBJECT);
+        /*
+         * Note: No map entries for get_field_* for non-long integral types,
+         * since they need to be handled specially (see dopFor() below).
+         */
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.GET_STATIC_LONG,      Dops.SGET_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.GET_STATIC_FLOAT,     Dops.SGET);
+        MAP.put(Rops.GET_STATIC_DOUBLE,    Dops.SGET_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.GET_STATIC_OBJECT,    Dops.SGET_OBJECT);
+        /*
+         * Note: No map entries for get_static* for non-long integral types,
+         * since they need to be handled specially (see dopFor() below).
+         */
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.PUT_FIELD_LONG,       Dops.IPUT_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.PUT_FIELD_FLOAT,      Dops.IPUT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.PUT_FIELD_DOUBLE,     Dops.IPUT_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.PUT_FIELD_OBJECT,     Dops.IPUT_OBJECT);
+        /*
+         * Note: No map entries for put_field_* for non-long integral types,
+         * since they need to be handled specially (see dopFor() below).
+         */
+
+        MAP.put(Rops.PUT_STATIC_LONG,      Dops.SPUT_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.PUT_STATIC_FLOAT,     Dops.SPUT);
+        MAP.put(Rops.PUT_STATIC_DOUBLE,    Dops.SPUT_WIDE);
+        MAP.put(Rops.PUT_STATIC_OBJECT,    Dops.SPUT_OBJECT);
+        /*
+         * Note: No map entries for put_static* for non-long integral types,
+         * since they need to be handled specially (see dopFor() below).
+         */
+
+        /*
+         * Note: No map entries for invoke*, new_array, and
+         * filled_new_array, since they need to be handled specially
+         * (see dopFor() below).
+         */
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the dalvik opcode appropriate for the given register-based
+     * instruction.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} the original instruction
+     * @return the corresponding dalvik opcode; one of the constants in
+     * {@link Dops}
+     */
+    public static Dop dopFor(Insn insn) {
+        Rop rop = insn.getOpcode();
+
+        /*
+         * First, just try looking up the rop in the MAP of easy
+         * cases.
+         */
+        Dop result = MAP.get(rop);
+        if (result != null) {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * There was no easy case for the rop, so look up the opcode, and
+         * do something special for each:
+         *
+         * The move_exception, new_array, filled_new_array, and
+         * invoke* opcodes won't be found in MAP, since they'll each
+         * have different source and/or result register types / lists.
+         *
+         * The get* and put* opcodes for (non-long) integral types
+         * aren't in the map, since the type signatures aren't
+         * sufficient to distinguish between the types (the salient
+         * source or result will always be just "int").
+         *
+         * And const instruction need to distinguish between strings and
+         * classes.
+         */
+
+        switch (rop.getOpcode()) {
+            case RegOps.MOVE_EXCEPTION:   return Dops.MOVE_EXCEPTION;
+            case RegOps.INVOKE_STATIC:    return Dops.INVOKE_STATIC;
+            case RegOps.INVOKE_VIRTUAL:   return Dops.INVOKE_VIRTUAL;
+            case RegOps.INVOKE_SUPER:     return Dops.INVOKE_SUPER;
+            case RegOps.INVOKE_DIRECT:    return Dops.INVOKE_DIRECT;
+            case RegOps.INVOKE_INTERFACE: return Dops.INVOKE_INTERFACE;
+            case RegOps.NEW_ARRAY:        return Dops.NEW_ARRAY;
+            case RegOps.FILLED_NEW_ARRAY: return Dops.FILLED_NEW_ARRAY;
+            case RegOps.FILL_ARRAY_DATA:  return Dops.FILL_ARRAY_DATA;
+            case RegOps.MOVE_RESULT: {
+                RegisterSpec resultReg = insn.getResult();
+
+                if (resultReg == null) {
+                    return Dops.NOP;
+                } else {
+                    switch (resultReg.getBasicType()) {
+                        case Type.BT_INT:
+                        case Type.BT_FLOAT:
+                        case Type.BT_BOOLEAN:
+                        case Type.BT_BYTE:
+                        case Type.BT_CHAR:
+                        case Type.BT_SHORT:
+                            return Dops.MOVE_RESULT;
+                        case Type.BT_LONG:
+                        case Type.BT_DOUBLE:
+                            return Dops.MOVE_RESULT_WIDE;
+                        case Type.BT_OBJECT:
+                            return Dops.MOVE_RESULT_OBJECT;
+                        default: {
+                            throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected basic type");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            case RegOps.GET_FIELD: {
+                CstFieldRef ref =
+                    (CstFieldRef) ((ThrowingCstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+                int basicType = ref.getBasicType();
+                switch (basicType) {
+                    case Type.BT_BOOLEAN: return Dops.IGET_BOOLEAN;
+                    case Type.BT_BYTE:    return Dops.IGET_BYTE;
+                    case Type.BT_CHAR:    return Dops.IGET_CHAR;
+                    case Type.BT_SHORT:   return Dops.IGET_SHORT;
+                    case Type.BT_INT:     return Dops.IGET;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case RegOps.PUT_FIELD: {
+                CstFieldRef ref =
+                    (CstFieldRef) ((ThrowingCstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+                int basicType = ref.getBasicType();
+                switch (basicType) {
+                    case Type.BT_BOOLEAN: return Dops.IPUT_BOOLEAN;
+                    case Type.BT_BYTE:    return Dops.IPUT_BYTE;
+                    case Type.BT_CHAR:    return Dops.IPUT_CHAR;
+                    case Type.BT_SHORT:   return Dops.IPUT_SHORT;
+                    case Type.BT_INT:     return Dops.IPUT;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case RegOps.GET_STATIC: {
+                CstFieldRef ref =
+                    (CstFieldRef) ((ThrowingCstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+                int basicType = ref.getBasicType();
+                switch (basicType) {
+                    case Type.BT_BOOLEAN: return Dops.SGET_BOOLEAN;
+                    case Type.BT_BYTE:    return Dops.SGET_BYTE;
+                    case Type.BT_CHAR:    return Dops.SGET_CHAR;
+                    case Type.BT_SHORT:   return Dops.SGET_SHORT;
+                    case Type.BT_INT:     return Dops.SGET;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case RegOps.PUT_STATIC: {
+                CstFieldRef ref =
+                    (CstFieldRef) ((ThrowingCstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+                int basicType = ref.getBasicType();
+                switch (basicType) {
+                    case Type.BT_BOOLEAN: return Dops.SPUT_BOOLEAN;
+                    case Type.BT_BYTE:    return Dops.SPUT_BYTE;
+                    case Type.BT_CHAR:    return Dops.SPUT_CHAR;
+                    case Type.BT_SHORT:   return Dops.SPUT_SHORT;
+                    case Type.BT_INT:     return Dops.SPUT;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case RegOps.CONST: {
+                Constant cst = ((ThrowingCstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+                if (cst instanceof CstType) {
+                    return Dops.CONST_CLASS;
+                } else if (cst instanceof CstString) {
+                    return Dops.CONST_STRING;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw new RuntimeException("unknown rop: " + rop);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/RopTranslator.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/RopTranslator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad05f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/RopTranslator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,872 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.BasicBlock;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.BasicBlockList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.FillArrayDataInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.Insn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.LocalVariableInfo;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.PlainCstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.PlainInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegOps;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecSet;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.Rop;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RopMethod;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SwitchInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.ThrowingCstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.ThrowingInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstInteger;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.type.Type;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.Bits;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.IntList;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+/**
+ * Translator from {@link RopMethod} to {@link DalvCode}. The {@link
+ * #translate} method is the thing to call on this class.
+ */
+public final class RopTranslator {
+    /** {@code non-null;} method to translate */
+    private final RopMethod method;
+
+    /**
+     * how much position info to preserve; one of the static
+     * constants in {@link PositionList}
+     */
+    private final int positionInfo;
+
+    /** {@code null-ok;} local variable info to use */
+    private final LocalVariableInfo locals;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} container for all the address objects for the method */
+    private final BlockAddresses addresses;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} list of output instructions in-progress */
+    private final OutputCollector output;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} visitor to use during translation */
+    private final TranslationVisitor translationVisitor;
+
+    /** {@code >= 0;} register count for the method */
+    private final int regCount;
+
+    /** {@code null-ok;} block output order; becomes non-null in {@link #pickOrder} */
+    private int[] order;
+
+    /** size, in register units, of all the parameters to this method */
+    private final int paramSize;
+
+    /**
+     * true if the parameters to this method happen to be in proper order
+     * at the end of the frame (as the optimizer emits them)
+     */
+    private boolean paramsAreInOrder;
+
+    /**
+     * Translates a {@link RopMethod}. This may modify the given
+     * input.
+     *
+     * @param method {@code non-null;} the original method
+     * @param positionInfo how much position info to preserve; one of the
+     * static constants in {@link PositionList}
+     * @param locals {@code null-ok;} local variable information to use
+     * @param paramSize size, in register units, of all the parameters to
+     * this method
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the translated version
+     */
+    public static DalvCode translate(RopMethod method, int positionInfo,
+                                     LocalVariableInfo locals, int paramSize) {
+        RopTranslator translator =
+            new RopTranslator(method, positionInfo, locals,
+                    paramSize);
+        return translator.translateAndGetResult();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This method is private. Use {@link #translate}.
+     *
+     * @param method {@code non-null;} the original method
+     * @param positionInfo how much position info to preserve; one of the
+     * static constants in {@link PositionList}
+     * @param locals {@code null-ok;} local variable information to use
+     * @param paramSize size, in register units, of all the parameters to
+     * this method
+     */
+    private RopTranslator(RopMethod method, int positionInfo,
+                          LocalVariableInfo locals, int paramSize) {
+        this.method = method;
+        this.positionInfo = positionInfo;
+        this.locals = locals;
+        this.addresses = new BlockAddresses(method);
+        this.paramSize = paramSize;
+        this.order = null;
+        this.paramsAreInOrder = calculateParamsAreInOrder(method, paramSize);
+
+        BasicBlockList blocks = method.getBlocks();
+        int bsz = blocks.size();
+
+        /*
+         * Max possible instructions includes three code address
+         * objects per basic block (to the first and last instruction,
+         * and just past the end of the block), and the possibility of
+         * an extra goto at the end of each basic block.
+         */
+        int maxInsns = (bsz * 3) + blocks.getInstructionCount();
+
+        if (locals != null) {
+            /*
+             * If we're tracking locals, then there's could be another
+             * extra instruction per block (for the locals state at the
+             * start of the block) as well as one for each interblock
+             * local introduction.
+             */
+            maxInsns += bsz + locals.getAssignmentCount();
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * If params are not in order, we will need register space
+         * for them before this is all over...
+         */
+        this.regCount = blocks.getRegCount()
+                + (paramsAreInOrder ? 0 : this.paramSize);
+
+        this.output = new OutputCollector(maxInsns, bsz * 3, regCount);
+
+        if (locals != null) {
+            this.translationVisitor =
+                new LocalVariableAwareTranslationVisitor(output, locals);
+        } else {
+            this.translationVisitor = new TranslationVisitor(output);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks to see if the move-param instructions that occur in this
+     * method happen to slot the params in an order at the top of the
+     * stack frame that matches dalvik's calling conventions. This will
+     * alway result in "true" for methods that have run through the
+     * SSA optimizer.
+     *
+     * @param paramSize size, in register units, of all the parameters
+     * to this method
+     */
+    private static boolean calculateParamsAreInOrder(RopMethod method,
+            final int paramSize) {
+        final boolean[] paramsAreInOrder = { true };
+        final int initialRegCount = method.getBlocks().getRegCount();
+
+        /*
+         * We almost could just check the first block here, but the
+         * {@code cf} layer will put in a second move-param in a
+         * subsequent block in the case of synchronized methods.
+         */
+        method.getBlocks().forEachInsn(new Insn.BaseVisitor() {
+            public void visitPlainCstInsn(PlainCstInsn insn) {
+                if (insn.getOpcode().getOpcode()== RegOps.MOVE_PARAM) {
+                    int param =
+                        ((CstInteger) insn.getConstant()).getValue();
+
+                    paramsAreInOrder[0] = paramsAreInOrder[0]
+                            && ((initialRegCount - paramSize + param)
+                                == insn.getResult().getReg());
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        return paramsAreInOrder[0];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does the translation and returns the result.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the result
+     */
+    private DalvCode translateAndGetResult() {
+        pickOrder();
+        outputInstructions();
+
+        StdCatchBuilder catches =
+            new StdCatchBuilder(method, order, addresses);
+
+        return new DalvCode(positionInfo, output.getFinisher(), catches);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs initial creation of output instructions based on the
+     * original blocks.
+     */
+    private void outputInstructions() {
+        BasicBlockList blocks = method.getBlocks();
+        int[] order = this.order;
+        int len = order.length;
+
+        // Process the blocks in output order.
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            int nextI = i + 1;
+            int nextLabel = (nextI == order.length) ? -1 : order[nextI];
+            outputBlock(blocks.labelToBlock(order[i]), nextLabel);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for {@link #outputInstructions}, which does the processing
+     * and output of one block.
+     *
+     * @param block {@code non-null;} the block to process and output
+     * @param nextLabel {@code >= -1;} the next block that will be processed, or
+     * {@code -1} if there is no next block
+     */
+    private void outputBlock(BasicBlock block, int nextLabel) {
+        // Append the code address for this block.
+        CodeAddress startAddress = addresses.getStart(block);
+        output.add(startAddress);
+
+        // Append the local variable state for the block.
+        if (locals != null) {
+            RegisterSpecSet starts = locals.getStarts(block);
+            output.add(new LocalSnapshot(startAddress.getPosition(),
+                                         starts));
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Choose and append an output instruction for each original
+         * instruction.
+         */
+        translationVisitor.setBlock(block, addresses.getLast(block));
+        block.getInsns().forEach(translationVisitor);
+
+        // Insert the block end code address.
+        output.add(addresses.getEnd(block));
+
+        // Set up for end-of-block activities.
+
+        int succ = block.getPrimarySuccessor();
+        Insn lastInsn = block.getLastInsn();
+
+        /*
+         * Check for (and possibly correct for) a non-optimal choice of
+         * which block will get output next.
+         */
+
+        if ((succ >= 0) && (succ != nextLabel)) {
+            /*
+             * The block has a "primary successor" and that primary
+             * successor isn't the next block to be output.
+             */
+            Rop lastRop = lastInsn.getOpcode();
+            if ((lastRop.getBranchingness() == Rop.BRANCH_IF) &&
+                    (block.getSecondarySuccessor() == nextLabel)) {
+                /*
+                 * The block ends with an "if" of some sort, and its
+                 * secondary successor (the "then") is in fact the
+                 * next block to output. So, reverse the sense of
+                 * the test, so that we can just emit the next block
+                 * without an interstitial goto.
+                 */
+                output.reverseBranch(1, addresses.getStart(succ));
+            } else {
+                /*
+                 * Our only recourse is to add a goto here to get the
+                 * flow to be correct.
+                 */
+                TargetInsn insn =
+                    new TargetInsn(Dops.GOTO, lastInsn.getPosition(),
+                            RegisterSpecList.EMPTY,
+                            addresses.getStart(succ));
+                output.add(insn);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Picks an order for the blocks by doing "trace" analysis.
+     */
+    private void pickOrder() {
+        BasicBlockList blocks = method.getBlocks();
+        int sz = blocks.size();
+        int maxLabel = blocks.getMaxLabel();
+        int[] workSet = Bits.makeBitSet(maxLabel);
+        int[] tracebackSet = Bits.makeBitSet(maxLabel);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            BasicBlock one = blocks.get(i);
+            Bits.set(workSet, one.getLabel());
+        }
+
+        int[] order = new int[sz];
+        int at = 0;
+
+        /*
+         * Starting with the designated "first label" (that is, the
+         * first block of the method), add that label to the order,
+         * and then pick its first as-yet unordered successor to
+         * immediately follow it, giving top priority to the primary
+         * (aka default) successor (if any). Keep following successors
+         * until the trace runs out of possibilities. Then, continue
+         * by finding an unordered chain containing the first as-yet
+         * unordered block, and adding it to the order, and so on.
+         */
+        for (int label = method.getFirstLabel();
+             label != -1;
+             label = Bits.findFirst(workSet, 0)) {
+
+            /*
+             * Attempt to trace backward from the chosen block to an
+             * as-yet unordered predecessor which lists the chosen
+             * block as its primary successor, and so on, until we
+             * fail to find such an unordered predecessor. Start the
+             * trace with that block. Note that the first block in the
+             * method has no predecessors, so in that case this loop
+             * will simply terminate with zero iterations and without
+             * picking a new starter block.
+             */
+            traceBack:
+            for (;;) {
+                IntList preds = method.labelToPredecessors(label);
+                int psz = preds.size();
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < psz; i++) {
+                    int predLabel = preds.get(i);
+
+                    if (Bits.get(tracebackSet, predLabel)) {
+                        /*
+                         * We found a predecessor loop; stop tracing back
+                         * from here.
+                         */
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (!Bits.get(workSet, predLabel)) {
+                        // This one's already ordered.
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    BasicBlock pred = blocks.labelToBlock(predLabel);
+                    if (pred.getPrimarySuccessor() == label) {
+                        // Found one!
+                        label = predLabel;
+                        Bits.set(tracebackSet, label);
+                        continue traceBack;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Failed to find a better block to start the trace.
+                break;
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Trace a path from the chosen block to one of its
+             * unordered successors (hopefully the primary), and so
+             * on, until we run out of unordered successors.
+             */
+            while (label != -1) {
+                Bits.clear(workSet, label);
+                Bits.clear(tracebackSet, label);
+                order[at] = label;
+                at++;
+
+                BasicBlock one = blocks.labelToBlock(label);
+                BasicBlock preferredBlock = blocks.preferredSuccessorOf(one);
+
+                if (preferredBlock == null) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                int preferred = preferredBlock.getLabel();
+                int primary = one.getPrimarySuccessor();
+
+                if (Bits.get(workSet, preferred)) {
+                    /*
+                     * Order the current block's preferred successor
+                     * next, as it has yet to be scheduled.
+                     */
+                    label = preferred;
+                } else if ((primary != preferred) && (primary >= 0)
+                        && Bits.get(workSet, primary)) {
+                    /*
+                     * The primary is available, so use that.
+                     */
+                    label = primary;
+                } else {
+                    /*
+                     * There's no obvious candidate, so pick the first
+                     * one that's available, if any.
+                     */
+                    IntList successors = one.getSuccessors();
+                    int ssz = successors.size();
+                    label = -1;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < ssz; i++) {
+                        int candidate = successors.get(i);
+                        if (Bits.get(workSet, candidate)) {
+                            label = candidate;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (at != sz) {
+            // There was a duplicate block label.
+            throw new RuntimeException("shouldn't happen");
+        }
+
+        this.order = order;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the complete register list (result and sources) out of a
+     * given rop instruction. For insns that are commutative, have
+     * two register sources, and have a source equal to the result,
+     * place that source first.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} instruction in question
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the instruction's complete register list
+     */
+    private static RegisterSpecList getRegs(Insn insn) {
+        return getRegs(insn, insn.getResult());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the complete register list (result and sources) out of a
+     * given rop instruction. For insns that are commutative, have
+     * two register sources, and have a source equal to the result,
+     * place that source first.
+     *
+     * @param insn {@code non-null;} instruction in question
+     * @param resultReg {@code null-ok;} the real result to use (ignore the insn's)
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the instruction's complete register list
+     */
+    private static RegisterSpecList getRegs(Insn insn,
+            RegisterSpec resultReg) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getSources();
+
+        if (insn.getOpcode().isCommutative()
+                && (regs.size() == 2)
+                && (resultReg.getReg() == regs.get(1).getReg())) {
+
+            /*
+             * For commutative ops which have two register sources,
+             * if the second source is the same register as the result,
+             * swap the sources so that an opcode of form 12x can be selected
+             * instead of one of form 23x
+             */
+
+            regs = RegisterSpecList.make(regs.get(1), regs.get(0));
+        }
+
+        if (resultReg == null) {
+            return regs;
+        }
+
+        return regs.withFirst(resultReg);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Instruction visitor class for doing the instruction translation per se.
+     */
+    private class TranslationVisitor implements Insn.Visitor {
+        /** {@code non-null;} list of output instructions in-progress */
+        private final OutputCollector output;
+
+        /** {@code non-null;} basic block being worked on */
+        private BasicBlock block;
+
+        /**
+         * {@code null-ok;} code address for the salient last instruction of the
+         * block (used before switches and throwing instructions)
+         */
+        private CodeAddress lastAddress;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs an instance.
+         *
+         * @param output {@code non-null;} destination for instruction output
+         */
+        public TranslationVisitor(OutputCollector output) {
+            this.output = output;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the block currently being worked on.
+         *
+         * @param block {@code non-null;} the block
+         * @param lastAddress {@code non-null;} code address for the salient
+         * last instruction of the block
+         */
+        public void setBlock(BasicBlock block, CodeAddress lastAddress) {
+            this.block = block;
+            this.lastAddress = lastAddress;
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        public void visitPlainInsn(PlainInsn insn) {
+            Rop rop = insn.getOpcode();
+            if (rop.getOpcode() == RegOps.MARK_LOCAL) {
+                /*
+                 * Ignore these. They're dealt with by
+                 * the LocalVariableAwareTranslationVisitor
+                 */
+                return;
+            }
+            if (rop.getOpcode() == RegOps.MOVE_RESULT_PSEUDO) {
+                // These get skipped
+                return;
+            }
+
+            SourcePosition pos = insn.getPosition();
+            Dop opcode = RopToDop.dopFor(insn);
+            DalvInsn di;
+
+            switch (rop.getBranchingness()) {
+                case Rop.BRANCH_NONE:
+                case Rop.BRANCH_RETURN:
+                case Rop.BRANCH_THROW: {
+                    di = new SimpleInsn(opcode, pos, getRegs(insn));
+                    break;
+                }
+                case Rop.BRANCH_GOTO: {
+                    /*
+                     * Code in the main translation loop will emit a
+                     * goto if necessary (if the branch isn't to the
+                     * immediately subsequent block).
+                     */
+                    return;
+                }
+                case Rop.BRANCH_IF: {
+                    int target = block.getSuccessors().get(1);
+                    di = new TargetInsn(opcode, pos, getRegs(insn),
+                                        addresses.getStart(target));
+                    break;
+                }
+                default: {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("shouldn't happen");
+                }
+            }
+
+            addOutput(di);
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        public void visitPlainCstInsn(PlainCstInsn insn) {
+            SourcePosition pos = insn.getPosition();
+            Dop opcode = RopToDop.dopFor(insn);
+            Rop rop = insn.getOpcode();
+            int ropOpcode = rop.getOpcode();
+            DalvInsn di;
+
+            if (rop.getBranchingness() != Rop.BRANCH_NONE) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("shouldn't happen");
+            }
+
+            if (ropOpcode == RegOps.MOVE_PARAM) {
+                if (!paramsAreInOrder) {
+                    /*
+                     * Parameters are not in order at the top of the reg space.
+                     * We need to add moves.
+                     */
+
+                    RegisterSpec dest = insn.getResult();
+                    int param =
+                        ((CstInteger) insn.getConstant()).getValue();
+                    RegisterSpec source =
+                        RegisterSpec.make(regCount - paramSize + param,
+                                dest.getType());
+                    di = new SimpleInsn(opcode, pos,
+                                        RegisterSpecList.make(dest, source));
+                    addOutput(di);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // No moves required for the parameters
+                RegisterSpecList regs = getRegs(insn);
+                di = new CstInsn(opcode, pos, regs, insn.getConstant());
+                addOutput(di);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        public void visitSwitchInsn(SwitchInsn insn) {
+            SourcePosition pos = insn.getPosition();
+            IntList cases = insn.getCases();
+            IntList successors = block.getSuccessors();
+            int casesSz = cases.size();
+            int succSz = successors.size();
+            int primarySuccessor = block.getPrimarySuccessor();
+
+            /*
+             * Check the assumptions that the number of cases is one
+             * less than the number of successors and that the last
+             * successor in the list is the primary (in this case, the
+             * default). This test is here to guard against forgetting
+             * to change this code if the way switch instructions are
+             * constructed also gets changed.
+             */
+            if ((casesSz != (succSz - 1)) ||
+                (primarySuccessor != successors.get(casesSz))) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("shouldn't happen");
+            }
+
+            CodeAddress[] switchTargets = new CodeAddress[casesSz];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < casesSz; i++) {
+                int label = successors.get(i);
+                switchTargets[i] = addresses.getStart(label);
+            }
+
+            CodeAddress dataAddress = new CodeAddress(pos);
+            SwitchData dataInsn =
+                new SwitchData(pos, lastAddress, cases, switchTargets);
+            Dop opcode = dataInsn.isPacked() ?
+                Dops.PACKED_SWITCH : Dops.SPARSE_SWITCH;
+            TargetInsn switchInsn =
+                new TargetInsn(opcode, pos, getRegs(insn), dataAddress);
+
+            addOutput(lastAddress);
+            addOutput(switchInsn);
+
+            addOutputSuffix(new OddSpacer(pos));
+            addOutputSuffix(dataAddress);
+            addOutputSuffix(dataInsn);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Looks forward to the current block's primary successor, returning
+         * the RegisterSpec of the result of the move-result-pseudo at the
+         * top of that block or null if none.
+         *
+         * @return {@code null-ok;} result of move-result-pseudo at the beginning of
+         * primary successor
+         */
+        private RegisterSpec getNextMoveResultPseudo()
+        {
+            int label = block.getPrimarySuccessor();
+
+            if (label < 0) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Insn insn
+                    = method.getBlocks().labelToBlock(label).getInsns().get(0);
+
+            if (insn.getOpcode().getOpcode() != RegOps.MOVE_RESULT_PSEUDO) {
+                return null;
+            } else {
+                return insn.getResult();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        public void visitThrowingCstInsn(ThrowingCstInsn insn) {
+            SourcePosition pos = insn.getPosition();
+            Dop opcode = RopToDop.dopFor(insn);
+            Rop rop = insn.getOpcode();
+            Constant cst = insn.getConstant();
+
+            if (rop.getBranchingness() != Rop.BRANCH_THROW) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("shouldn't happen");
+            }
+
+            addOutput(lastAddress);
+
+            if (rop.isCallLike()) {
+                RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getSources();
+                DalvInsn di = new CstInsn(opcode, pos, regs, cst);
+
+                addOutput(di);
+            } else {
+                RegisterSpec realResult = getNextMoveResultPseudo();
+
+                RegisterSpecList regs = getRegs(insn, realResult);
+                DalvInsn di;
+
+                boolean hasResult = opcode.hasResult()
+                        || (rop.getOpcode() == RegOps.CHECK_CAST);
+
+                if (hasResult != (realResult != null)) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(
+                            "Insn with result/move-result-pseudo mismatch " +
+                            insn);
+                }
+
+                if ((rop.getOpcode() == RegOps.NEW_ARRAY) &&
+                    (opcode.getOpcode() != DalvOps.NEW_ARRAY)) {
+                    /*
+                     * It's a type-specific new-array-<primitive>, and
+                     * so it should be turned into a SimpleInsn (no
+                     * constant ref as it's implicit).
+                     */
+                    di = new SimpleInsn(opcode, pos, regs);
+                } else {
+                    /*
+                     * This is the general case for constant-bearing
+                     * instructions.
+                     */
+                    di = new CstInsn(opcode, pos, regs, cst);
+                }
+
+                addOutput(di);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        public void visitThrowingInsn(ThrowingInsn insn) {
+            SourcePosition pos = insn.getPosition();
+            Dop opcode = RopToDop.dopFor(insn);
+            Rop rop = insn.getOpcode();
+            RegisterSpec realResult;
+
+            if (rop.getBranchingness() != Rop.BRANCH_THROW) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("shouldn't happen");
+            }
+
+            realResult = getNextMoveResultPseudo();
+
+            if (opcode.hasResult() != (realResult != null)) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(
+                        "Insn with result/move-result-pseudo mismatch" + insn);
+            }
+
+            addOutput(lastAddress);
+
+            DalvInsn di = new SimpleInsn(opcode, pos,
+                    getRegs(insn, realResult));
+
+            addOutput(di);
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        public void visitFillArrayDataInsn(FillArrayDataInsn insn) {
+            SourcePosition pos = insn.getPosition();
+            Constant cst = insn.getConstant();
+            ArrayList<Constant> values = insn.getInitValues();
+            Rop rop = insn.getOpcode();
+
+            if (rop.getBranchingness() != Rop.BRANCH_NONE) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("shouldn't happen");
+            }
+            CodeAddress dataAddress = new CodeAddress(pos);
+            ArrayData dataInsn =
+                new ArrayData(pos, lastAddress, values, cst);
+
+            TargetInsn fillArrayDataInsn =
+                new TargetInsn(Dops.FILL_ARRAY_DATA, pos, getRegs(insn),
+                        dataAddress);
+
+            addOutput(lastAddress);
+            addOutput(fillArrayDataInsn);
+
+            addOutputSuffix(new OddSpacer(pos));
+            addOutputSuffix(dataAddress);
+            addOutputSuffix(dataInsn);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Adds to the output.
+         *
+         * @param insn {@code non-null;} instruction to add
+         */
+        protected void addOutput(DalvInsn insn) {
+            output.add(insn);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Adds to the output suffix.
+         *
+         * @param insn {@code non-null;} instruction to add
+         */
+        protected void addOutputSuffix(DalvInsn insn) {
+            output.addSuffix(insn);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Instruction visitor class for doing instruction translation with
+     * local variable tracking
+     */
+    private class LocalVariableAwareTranslationVisitor
+            extends TranslationVisitor {
+        /** {@code non-null;} local variable info */
+        private LocalVariableInfo locals;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs an instance.
+         *
+         * @param output {@code non-null;} destination for instruction output
+         * @param locals {@code non-null;} the local variable info
+         */
+        public LocalVariableAwareTranslationVisitor(OutputCollector output,
+                                                    LocalVariableInfo locals) {
+            super(output);
+            this.locals = locals;
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public void visitPlainInsn(PlainInsn insn) {
+            super.visitPlainInsn(insn);
+            addIntroductionIfNecessary(insn);
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public void visitPlainCstInsn(PlainCstInsn insn) {
+            super.visitPlainCstInsn(insn);
+            addIntroductionIfNecessary(insn);
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public void visitSwitchInsn(SwitchInsn insn) {
+            super.visitSwitchInsn(insn);
+            addIntroductionIfNecessary(insn);
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public void visitThrowingCstInsn(ThrowingCstInsn insn) {
+            super.visitThrowingCstInsn(insn);
+            addIntroductionIfNecessary(insn);
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public void visitThrowingInsn(ThrowingInsn insn) {
+            super.visitThrowingInsn(insn);
+            addIntroductionIfNecessary(insn);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Adds a {@link LocalStart} to the output if the given
+         * instruction in fact introduces a local variable.
+         *
+         * @param insn {@code non-null;} instruction in question
+         */
+        public void addIntroductionIfNecessary(Insn insn) {
+            RegisterSpec spec = locals.getAssignment(insn);
+
+            if (spec != null) {
+                addOutput(new LocalStart(insn.getPosition(), spec));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/SimpleInsn.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/SimpleInsn.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abef242
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/SimpleInsn.java
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction which has no extra info beyond the basics provided for in
+ * the base class.
+ */
+public final class SimpleInsn extends FixedSizeInsn {
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * @param opcode the opcode; one of the constants from {@link Dops}
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     * @param registers {@code non-null;} register list, including a
+     * result register if appropriate (that is, registers may be either
+     * ins or outs)
+     */
+    public SimpleInsn(Dop opcode, SourcePosition position,
+                      RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        super(opcode, position, registers);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withOpcode(Dop opcode) {
+        return new SimpleInsn(opcode, getPosition(), getRegisters());
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisters(RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        return new SimpleInsn(getOpcode(), getPosition(), registers);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String argString() {
+        return null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/StdCatchBuilder.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/StdCatchBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba149e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/StdCatchBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.BasicBlock;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.BasicBlockList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RopMethod;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstType;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.type.Type;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.type.TypeList;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.IntList;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+
+/**
+ * Constructor of {@link CatchTable} instances from {@link RopMethod}
+ * and associated data.
+ */
+public final class StdCatchBuilder implements CatchBuilder {
+    /** the maximum range of a single catch handler, in code units */
+    private static final int MAX_CATCH_RANGE = 65535;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} method to build the list for */
+    private final RopMethod method;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} block output order */
+    private final int[] order;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} address objects for each block */
+    private final BlockAddresses addresses;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. It merely holds onto its parameters for
+     * a subsequent call to {@link #build}.
+     *
+     * @param method {@code non-null;} method to build the list for
+     * @param order {@code non-null;} block output order
+     * @param addresses {@code non-null;} address objects for each block
+     */
+    public StdCatchBuilder(RopMethod method, int[] order,
+            BlockAddresses addresses) {
+        if (method == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("method == null");
+        }
+
+        if (order == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("order == null");
+        }
+
+        if (addresses == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("addresses == null");
+        }
+
+        this.method = method;
+        this.order = order;
+        this.addresses = addresses;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    public CatchTable build() {
+        return build(method, order, addresses);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    public boolean hasAnyCatches() {
+        BasicBlockList blocks = method.getBlocks();
+        int size = blocks.size();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            BasicBlock block = blocks.get(i);
+            TypeList catches = block.getLastInsn().getCatches();
+            if (catches.size() != 0) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    public HashSet<Type> getCatchTypes() {
+        HashSet<Type> result = new HashSet<Type>(20);
+        BasicBlockList blocks = method.getBlocks();
+        int size = blocks.size();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            BasicBlock block = blocks.get(i);
+            TypeList catches = block.getLastInsn().getCatches();
+            int catchSize = catches.size();
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < catchSize; j++) {
+                result.add(catches.getType(j));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds and returns the catch table for a given method.
+     *
+     * @param method {@code non-null;} method to build the list for
+     * @param order {@code non-null;} block output order
+     * @param addresses {@code non-null;} address objects for each block
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the constructed table
+     */
+    public static CatchTable build(RopMethod method, int[] order,
+            BlockAddresses addresses) {
+        int len = order.length;
+        BasicBlockList blocks = method.getBlocks();
+        ArrayList<CatchTable.Entry> resultList =
+            new ArrayList<CatchTable.Entry>(len);
+        CatchHandlerList currentHandlers = CatchHandlerList.EMPTY;
+        BasicBlock currentStartBlock = null;
+        BasicBlock currentEndBlock = null;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            BasicBlock block = blocks.labelToBlock(order[i]);
+
+            if (!block.canThrow()) {
+                /*
+                 * There is no need to concern ourselves with the
+                 * placement of blocks that can't throw with respect
+                 * to the blocks that *can* throw.
+                 */
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            CatchHandlerList handlers = handlersFor(block, addresses);
+
+            if (currentHandlers.size() == 0) {
+                // This is the start of a new catch range.
+                currentStartBlock = block;
+                currentEndBlock = block;
+                currentHandlers = handlers;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (currentHandlers.equals(handlers)
+                    && rangeIsValid(currentStartBlock, block, addresses)) {
+                /*
+                 * The block we are looking at now has the same handlers
+                 * as the block that started the currently open catch
+                 * range, and adding it to the currently open range won't
+                 * cause it to be too long.
+                 */
+                currentEndBlock = block;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * The block we are looking at now has incompatible handlers,
+             * so we need to finish off the last entry and start a new
+             * one. Note: We only emit an entry if it has associated handlers.
+             */
+            if (currentHandlers.size() != 0) {
+                CatchTable.Entry entry =
+                    makeEntry(currentStartBlock, currentEndBlock,
+                            currentHandlers, addresses);
+                resultList.add(entry);
+            }
+
+            currentStartBlock = block;
+            currentEndBlock = block;
+            currentHandlers = handlers;
+        }
+
+        if (currentHandlers.size() != 0) {
+            // Emit an entry for the range that was left hanging.
+            CatchTable.Entry entry =
+                makeEntry(currentStartBlock, currentEndBlock,
+                        currentHandlers, addresses);
+            resultList.add(entry);
+        }
+
+        // Construct the final result.
+
+        int resultSz = resultList.size();
+
+        if (resultSz == 0) {
+            return CatchTable.EMPTY;
+        }
+
+        CatchTable result = new CatchTable(resultSz);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < resultSz; i++) {
+            result.set(i, resultList.get(i));
+        }
+
+        result.setImmutable();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Makes the {@link CatchHandlerList} for the given basic block.
+     *
+     * @param block {@code non-null;} block to get entries for
+     * @param addresses {@code non-null;} address objects for each block
+     * @return {@code non-null;} array of entries
+     */
+    private static CatchHandlerList handlersFor(BasicBlock block,
+            BlockAddresses addresses) {
+        IntList successors = block.getSuccessors();
+        int succSize = successors.size();
+        int primary = block.getPrimarySuccessor();
+        TypeList catches = block.getLastInsn().getCatches();
+        int catchSize = catches.size();
+
+        if (catchSize == 0) {
+            return CatchHandlerList.EMPTY;
+        }
+
+        if (((primary == -1) && (succSize != catchSize))
+                || ((primary != -1) &&
+                        ((succSize != (catchSize + 1))
+                                || (primary != successors.get(catchSize))))) {
+            /*
+             * Blocks that throw are supposed to list their primary
+             * successor -- if any -- last in the successors list, but
+             * that constraint appears to be violated here.
+             */
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                    "shouldn't happen: weird successors list");
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Reduce the effective catchSize if we spot a catch-all that
+         * isn't at the end.
+         */
+        for (int i = 0; i < catchSize; i++) {
+            Type type = catches.getType(i);
+            if (type.equals(Type.OBJECT)) {
+                catchSize = i + 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        CatchHandlerList result = new CatchHandlerList(catchSize);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < catchSize; i++) {
+            CstType oneType = new CstType(catches.getType(i));
+            CodeAddress oneHandler = addresses.getStart(successors.get(i));
+            result.set(i, oneType, oneHandler.getAddress());
+        }
+
+        result.setImmutable();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Makes a {@link CatchTable#Entry} for the given block range and
+     * handlers.
+     *
+     * @param start {@code non-null;} the start block for the range (inclusive)
+     * @param end {@code non-null;} the start block for the range (also inclusive)
+     * @param handlers {@code non-null;} the handlers for the range
+     * @param addresses {@code non-null;} address objects for each block
+     */
+    private static CatchTable.Entry makeEntry(BasicBlock start,
+            BasicBlock end, CatchHandlerList handlers,
+            BlockAddresses addresses) {
+        /*
+         * We start at the *last* instruction of the start block, since
+         * that's the instruction that can throw...
+         */
+        CodeAddress startAddress = addresses.getLast(start);
+
+        // ...And we end *after* the last instruction of the end block.
+        CodeAddress endAddress = addresses.getEnd(end);
+
+        return new CatchTable.Entry(startAddress.getAddress(),
+                endAddress.getAddress(), handlers);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the address range for the given two blocks is valid
+     * for a catch handler. This is true as long as the covered range is
+     * under 65536 code units.
+     *
+     * @param start {@code non-null;} the start block for the range (inclusive)
+     * @param end {@code non-null;} the start block for the range (also inclusive)
+     * @param addresses {@code non-null;} address objects for each block
+     * @return {@code true} if the range is valid as a catch range
+     */
+    private static boolean rangeIsValid(BasicBlock start, BasicBlock end,
+            BlockAddresses addresses) {
+        if (start == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("start == null");
+        }
+
+        if (end == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("end == null");
+        }
+
+        // See above about selection of instructions.
+        int startAddress = addresses.getLast(start).getAddress();
+        int endAddress = addresses.getEnd(end).getAddress();
+
+        return (endAddress - startAddress) <= MAX_CATCH_RANGE;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/SwitchData.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/SwitchData.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7d8465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/SwitchData.java
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.Hex;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.IntList;
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-instruction which holds switch data. The switch data is
+ * a map of values to target addresses, and this class writes the data
+ * in either a "packed" or "sparse" form.
+ */
+public final class SwitchData extends VariableSizeInsn {
+    /**
+     * {@code non-null;} address representing the instruction that uses this
+     * instance
+     */
+    private final CodeAddress user;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} sorted list of switch cases (keys) */
+    private final IntList cases;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code non-null;} corresponding list of code addresses; the branch
+     * target for each case
+     */
+    private final CodeAddress[] targets;
+
+    /** whether the output table will be packed (vs. sparse) */
+    private final boolean packed;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     * @param user {@code non-null;} address representing the instruction that
+     * uses this instance
+     * @param cases {@code non-null;} sorted list of switch cases (keys)
+     * @param targets {@code non-null;} corresponding list of code addresses; the
+     * branch target for each case
+     */
+    public SwitchData(SourcePosition position, CodeAddress user,
+                      IntList cases, CodeAddress[] targets) {
+        super(position, RegisterSpecList.EMPTY);
+
+        if (user == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("user == null");
+        }
+
+        if (cases == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("cases == null");
+        }
+
+        if (targets == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("targets == null");
+        }
+
+        int sz = cases.size();
+
+        if (sz != targets.length) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("cases / targets mismatch");
+        }
+
+        if (sz > 65535) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("too many cases");
+        }
+
+        this.user = user;
+        this.cases = cases;
+        this.targets = targets;
+        this.packed = shouldPack(cases);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return packed ? (int) packedCodeSize(cases) :
+            (int) sparseCodeSize(cases);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out) {
+        int baseAddress = user.getAddress();
+        int defaultTarget = Dops.PACKED_SWITCH.getFormat().codeSize();
+        int sz = targets.length;
+
+        if (packed) {
+            int firstCase = (sz == 0) ? 0 : cases.get(0);
+            int lastCase = (sz == 0) ? 0 : cases.get(sz - 1);
+            int outSz = lastCase - firstCase + 1;
+
+            out.writeShort(0x100 | DalvOps.NOP);
+            out.writeShort(outSz);
+            out.writeInt(firstCase);
+
+            int caseAt = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < outSz; i++) {
+                int outCase = firstCase + i;
+                int oneCase = cases.get(caseAt);
+                int relTarget;
+
+                if (oneCase > outCase) {
+                    relTarget = defaultTarget;
+                } else {
+                    relTarget = targets[caseAt].getAddress() - baseAddress;
+                    caseAt++;
+                }
+
+                out.writeInt(relTarget);
+            }
+        } else {
+            out.writeShort(0x200 | DalvOps.NOP);
+            out.writeShort(sz);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                out.writeInt(cases.get(i));
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                int relTarget = targets[i].getAddress() - baseAddress;
+                out.writeInt(relTarget);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisters(RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        return new SwitchData(getPosition(), user, cases, targets);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether or not this instance's data will be output as packed.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} iff the data is to be packed
+     */
+    public boolean isPacked() {
+        return packed;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String argString() {
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(100);
+
+        int sz = targets.length;
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            sb.append("\n    ");
+            sb.append(cases.get(i));
+            sb.append(": ");
+            sb.append(targets[i]);
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String listingString0(boolean noteIndices) {
+        int baseAddress = user.getAddress();
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(100);
+        int sz = targets.length;
+
+        sb.append(packed ? "packed" : "sparse");
+        sb.append("-switch-data // for switch @ ");
+        sb.append(Hex.u2(baseAddress));
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            int absTarget = targets[i].getAddress();
+            int relTarget = absTarget - baseAddress;
+            sb.append("\n  ");
+            sb.append(cases.get(i));
+            sb.append(": ");
+            sb.append(Hex.u4(absTarget));
+            sb.append(" // ");
+            sb.append(Hex.s4(relTarget));
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the size of a packed table for the given cases, in 16-bit code
+     * units.
+     *
+     * @param cases {@code non-null;} sorted list of cases
+     * @return {@code >= -1;} the packed table size or {@code -1} if the
+     * cases couldn't possibly be represented as a packed table
+     */
+    private static long packedCodeSize(IntList cases) {
+        int sz = cases.size();
+        long low = cases.get(0);
+        long high = cases.get(sz - 1);
+        long result = ((high - low + 1)) * 2 + 4;
+
+        return (result <= 0x7fffffff) ? result : -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the size of a sparse table for the given cases, in 16-bit code
+     * units.
+     *
+     * @param cases {@code non-null;} sorted list of cases
+     * @return {@code > 0;} the sparse table size
+     */
+    private static long sparseCodeSize(IntList cases) {
+        int sz = cases.size();
+
+        return (sz * 4L) + 2;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether the given list of cases warrant being packed.
+     *
+     * @param cases {@code non-null;} sorted list of cases
+     * @return {@code true} iff the table encoding the cases
+     * should be packed
+     */
+    private static boolean shouldPack(IntList cases) {
+        int sz = cases.size();
+
+        if (sz < 2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        long packedSize = packedCodeSize(cases);
+        long sparseSize = sparseCodeSize(cases);
+
+        /*
+         * We pick the packed representation if it is possible and
+         * would be as small or smaller than 5/4 of the sparse
+         * representation. That is, we accept some size overhead on
+         * the packed representation, since that format is faster to
+         * execute at runtime.
+         */
+        return (packedSize >= 0) && (packedSize <= ((sparseSize * 5) / 4));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/TargetInsn.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/TargetInsn.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e02255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/TargetInsn.java
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction which has a single branch target.
+ */
+public final class TargetInsn extends FixedSizeInsn {
+    /** {@code non-null;} the branch target */
+    private CodeAddress target;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}), and the target is initially
+     * {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @param opcode the opcode; one of the constants from {@link Dops}
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     * @param registers {@code non-null;} register list, including a
+     * result register if appropriate (that is, registers may be either
+     * ins or outs)
+     * @param target {@code non-null;} the branch target
+     */
+    public TargetInsn(Dop opcode, SourcePosition position,
+                      RegisterSpecList registers, CodeAddress target) {
+        super(opcode, position, registers);
+
+        if (target == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("target == null");
+        }
+
+        this.target = target;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withOpcode(Dop opcode) {
+        return new TargetInsn(opcode, getPosition(), getRegisters(), target);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisters(RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        return new TargetInsn(getOpcode(), getPosition(), registers, target);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an instance that is just like this one, except that its
+     * opcode has the opposite sense (as a test; e.g. a
+     * {@code lt} test becomes a {@code ge}), and its branch
+     * target is replaced by the one given, and all set-once values
+     * associated with the class (such as its address) are reset.
+     *
+     * @param target {@code non-null;} the new branch target
+     * @return {@code non-null;} an appropriately-constructed instance
+     */
+    public TargetInsn withNewTargetAndReversed(CodeAddress target) {
+        Dop opcode = getOpcode().getOppositeTest();
+
+        return new TargetInsn(opcode, getPosition(), getRegisters(), target);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the unique branch target of this instruction.
+     *
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the branch target
+     */
+    public CodeAddress getTarget() {
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the target address of this instruction. This is only valid
+     * to call if the target instruction has been assigned an address,
+     * and it is merely a convenient shorthand for
+     * {@code getTarget().getAddress()}.
+     *
+     * @return {@code >= 0;} the target address
+     */
+    public int getTargetAddress() {
+        return target.getAddress();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the branch offset of this instruction. This is only valid to
+     * call if both this and the target instruction each has been assigned
+     * an address, and it is merely a convenient shorthand for
+     * {@code getTargetAddress() - getAddress()}.
+     *
+     * @return the branch offset
+     */
+    public int getTargetOffset() {
+        return target.getAddress() - getAddress();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the target offset is known.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the target offset is known or
+     * {@code false} if not
+     */
+    public boolean hasTargetOffset() {
+        return hasAddress() && target.hasAddress();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    protected String argString() {
+        if (target == null) {
+            return "????";
+        }
+
+        return target.identifierString();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/VariableSizeInsn.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/VariableSizeInsn.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..baa62a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/VariableSizeInsn.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-instruction base class for variable-sized instructions.
+ */
+public abstract class VariableSizeInsn extends DalvInsn {
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     * @param registers {@code non-null;} source registers
+     */
+    public VariableSizeInsn(SourcePosition position,
+                            RegisterSpecList registers) {
+        super(Dops.SPECIAL_FORMAT, position, registers);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public final DalvInsn withOpcode(Dop opcode) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("unsupported");
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public final DalvInsn withRegisterOffset(int delta) {
+        return withRegisters(getRegisters().withOffset(delta));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/ZeroSizeInsn.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/ZeroSizeInsn.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c8c94a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/ZeroSizeInsn.java
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.SourcePosition;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-instruction base class for zero-size (no code emitted)
+ * instructions, which are generally used for tracking metainformation
+ * about the code they are adjacent to.
+ */
+public abstract class ZeroSizeInsn extends DalvInsn {
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. The output address of this instance is initially
+     * unknown ({@code -1}).
+     *
+     * @param position {@code non-null;} source position
+     */
+    public ZeroSizeInsn(SourcePosition position) {
+        super(Dops.SPECIAL_FORMAT, position, RegisterSpecList.EMPTY);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public final int codeSize() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public final void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out) {
+        // Nothing to do here, for this class.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public final DalvInsn withOpcode(Dop opcode) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("unsupported");
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public DalvInsn withRegisterOffset(int delta) {
+        return withRegisters(getRegisters().withOffset(delta));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form10t.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form10t.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4784fc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form10t.java
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.TargetInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 10t}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form10t extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form10t();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form10t() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        return branchString(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        return branchComment(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        if (!((insn instanceof TargetInsn) &&
+              (insn.getRegisters().size() == 0))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        TargetInsn ti = (TargetInsn) insn;
+        return ti.hasTargetOffset() ? branchFits(ti) : true;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean branchFits(TargetInsn insn) {
+        int offset = insn.getTargetOffset();
+
+        // Note: A zero offset would fit, but it is prohibited by the spec.
+        return (offset != 0) && signedFitsInByte(offset);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form20t.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        int offset = ((TargetInsn) insn).getTargetOffset();
+
+        write(out, opcodeUnit(insn, (offset & 0xff)));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form10x.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form10x.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63c861c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form10x.java
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.SimpleInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 10x}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form10x extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form10x();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form10x() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        // This format has no arguments.
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        // This format has no comment.
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        return (insn instanceof SimpleInsn) &&
+            (insn.getRegisters().size() == 0);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        write(out, opcodeUnit(insn, 0));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form11n.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form11n.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..511d7d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form11n.java
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.CstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstLiteralBits;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 11n}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form11n extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form11n();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form11n() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + literalBitsString(value);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+        return literalBitsComment(value, 4);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+
+        if (!((insn instanceof CstInsn) &&
+              (regs.size() == 1) &&
+              unsignedFitsInNibble(regs.get(0).getReg()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+
+        if (!(cst instanceof CstLiteralBits)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstLiteralBits cb = (CstLiteralBits) cst;
+
+        return cb.fitsInInt() && signedFitsInNibble(cb.getIntBits());
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form21s.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int value =
+            ((CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant()).getIntBits();
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn, makeByte(regs.get(0).getReg(), value & 0xf)));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form11x.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form11x.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bf9bba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form11x.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.SimpleInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 11x}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form11x extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form11x();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form11x() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        return regs.get(0).regString();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        // This format has no comment.
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        return (insn instanceof SimpleInsn) &&
+            (regs.size() == 1) &&
+            unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(0).getReg());
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        write(out, opcodeUnit(insn, regs.get(0).getReg()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form12x.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form12x.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d55a66a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form12x.java
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.HighRegisterPrefix;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.SimpleInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 12x}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form12x extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form12x();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form12x() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int sz = regs.size();
+
+        /*
+         * The (sz - 2) and (sz - 1) below makes this code work for
+         * both the two- and three-register ops. (See "case 3" in
+         * isCompatible(), below.)
+         */
+
+        return regs.get(sz - 2).regString() + ", " +
+            regs.get(sz - 1).regString();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        // This format has no comment.
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        if (!(insn instanceof SimpleInsn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        RegisterSpec rs1;
+        RegisterSpec rs2;
+
+        switch (regs.size()) {
+            case 2: {
+                rs1 = regs.get(0);
+                rs2 = regs.get(1);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 3: {
+                /*
+                 * This format is allowed for ops that are effectively
+                 * 3-arg but where the first two args are identical.
+                 */
+                rs1 = regs.get(1);
+                rs2 = regs.get(2);
+                if (rs1.getReg() != regs.get(0).getReg()) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return unsignedFitsInNibble(rs1.getReg()) &&
+            unsignedFitsInNibble(rs2.getReg());
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form22x.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int sz = regs.size();
+
+        /*
+         * The (sz - 2) and (sz - 1) below makes this code work for
+         * both the two- and three-register ops. (See "case 3" in
+         * isCompatible(), above.)
+         */
+
+        write(out, opcodeUnit(insn,
+                              makeByte(regs.get(sz - 2).getReg(),
+                                       regs.get(sz - 1).getReg())));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form20t.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form20t.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2760606
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form20t.java
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.TargetInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 20t}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form20t extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form20t();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form20t() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        return branchString(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        return branchComment(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        if (!((insn instanceof TargetInsn) &&
+              (insn.getRegisters().size() == 0))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        TargetInsn ti = (TargetInsn) insn;
+        return ti.hasTargetOffset() ? branchFits(ti) : true;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean branchFits(TargetInsn insn) {
+        int offset = insn.getTargetOffset();
+
+        // Note: A zero offset would fit, but it is prohibited by the spec.
+        return (offset != 0) && signedFitsInShort(offset);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form30t.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        int offset = ((TargetInsn) insn).getTargetOffset();
+
+        write(out, opcodeUnit(insn, 0), (short) offset);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form21c.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form21c.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33df3d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form21c.java
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.CstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstFieldRef;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstString;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstType;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 21c}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form21c extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form21c();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form21c() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + cstString(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        if (noteIndices) {
+            return cstComment(insn);
+        } else {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        if (!(insn instanceof CstInsn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        RegisterSpec reg;
+
+        switch (regs.size()) {
+            case 1: {
+                reg = regs.get(0);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 2: {
+                /*
+                 * This format is allowed for ops that are effectively
+                 * 2-arg but where the two args are identical.
+                 */
+                reg = regs.get(0);
+                if (reg.getReg() != regs.get(1).getReg()) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!unsignedFitsInByte(reg.getReg())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        int cpi = ci.getIndex();
+
+        if (! unsignedFitsInShort(cpi)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+        return (cst instanceof CstType) ||
+            (cst instanceof CstFieldRef) ||
+            (cst instanceof CstString);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form31c.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int cpi = ((CstInsn) insn).getIndex();
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn, regs.get(0).getReg()),
+              (short) cpi);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form21h.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form21h.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee6ed3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form21h.java
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.CstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstLiteralBits;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 21h}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form21h extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form21h();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form21h() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + literalBitsString(value);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+
+        return
+            literalBitsComment(value,
+                    (regs.get(0).getCategory() == 1) ? 32 : 64);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        if (!((insn instanceof CstInsn) &&
+              (regs.size() == 1) &&
+              unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(0).getReg()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+
+        if (!(cst instanceof CstLiteralBits)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstLiteralBits cb = (CstLiteralBits) cst;
+
+        // Where the high bits are depends on the category of the target.
+        if (regs.get(0).getCategory() == 1) {
+            int bits = cb.getIntBits();
+            return ((bits & 0xffff) == 0);
+        } else {
+            long bits = cb.getLongBits();
+            return ((bits & 0xffffffffffffL) == 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form31i.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        CstLiteralBits cb = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+        short bits;
+
+        // Where the high bits are depends on the category of the target.
+        if (regs.get(0).getCategory() == 1) {
+            bits = (short) (cb.getIntBits() >>> 16);
+        } else {
+            bits = (short) (cb.getLongBits() >>> 48);
+        }
+
+        write(out, opcodeUnit(insn, regs.get(0).getReg()), bits);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form21s.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form21s.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b853d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form21s.java
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.CstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstLiteralBits;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 21s}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form21s extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form21s();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form21s() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + literalBitsString(value);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+        return literalBitsComment(value, 16);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        if (!((insn instanceof CstInsn) &&
+              (regs.size() == 1) &&
+              unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(0).getReg()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+
+        if (!(cst instanceof CstLiteralBits)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstLiteralBits cb = (CstLiteralBits) cst;
+
+        return cb.fitsInInt() && signedFitsInShort(cb.getIntBits());
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form21h.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int value =
+            ((CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant()).getIntBits();
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn, regs.get(0).getReg()),
+              (short) value);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form21t.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form21t.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61599f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form21t.java
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.TargetInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 21t}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form21t extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form21t();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form21t() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + branchString(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        return branchComment(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+
+        if (!((insn instanceof TargetInsn) &&
+              (regs.size() == 1) &&
+              unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(0).getReg()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        TargetInsn ti = (TargetInsn) insn;
+        return ti.hasTargetOffset() ? branchFits(ti) : true;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean branchFits(TargetInsn insn) {
+        int offset = insn.getTargetOffset();
+
+        // Note: A zero offset would fit, but it is prohibited by the spec.
+        return (offset != 0) && signedFitsInShort(offset);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form31t.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int offset = ((TargetInsn) insn).getTargetOffset();
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn, regs.get(0).getReg()),
+              (short) offset);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22b.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22b.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c37d57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22b.java
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.CstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstLiteralBits;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 22b}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form22b extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form22b();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form22b() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + regs.get(1).regString() +
+            ", " + literalBitsString(value);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+        return literalBitsComment(value, 8);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        if (!((insn instanceof CstInsn) &&
+              (regs.size() == 2) &&
+              unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(0).getReg()) &&
+              unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(1).getReg()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+
+        if (!(cst instanceof CstLiteralBits)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstLiteralBits cb = (CstLiteralBits) cst;
+
+        return cb.fitsInInt() && signedFitsInByte(cb.getIntBits());
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form22s.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int value =
+            ((CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant()).getIntBits();
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn, regs.get(0).getReg()),
+              codeUnit(regs.get(1).getReg(), value & 0xff));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22c.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22c.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b089ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22c.java
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.CstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstFieldRef;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstString;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstType;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 22c}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form22c extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form22c();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form22c() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + regs.get(1).regString() +
+            ", " + cstString(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        if (noteIndices) {
+            return cstComment(insn);
+        } else {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        if (!((insn instanceof CstInsn) &&
+              (regs.size() == 2) &&
+              unsignedFitsInNibble(regs.get(0).getReg()) &&
+              unsignedFitsInNibble(regs.get(1).getReg()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        int cpi = ci.getIndex();
+
+        if (! unsignedFitsInShort(cpi)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+        return (cst instanceof CstType) ||
+            (cst instanceof CstFieldRef);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int cpi = ((CstInsn) insn).getIndex();
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn,
+                         makeByte(regs.get(0).getReg(), regs.get(1).getReg())),
+              (short) cpi);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22s.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22s.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0eca280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22s.java
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.CstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstLiteralBits;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 22s}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form22s extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form22s();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form22s() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + regs.get(1).regString()
+            + ", " + literalBitsString(value);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+        return literalBitsComment(value, 16);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        if (!((insn instanceof CstInsn) &&
+              (regs.size() == 2) &&
+              unsignedFitsInNibble(regs.get(0).getReg()) &&
+              unsignedFitsInNibble(regs.get(1).getReg()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+
+        if (!(cst instanceof CstLiteralBits)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstLiteralBits cb = (CstLiteralBits) cst;
+
+        return cb.fitsInInt() && signedFitsInShort(cb.getIntBits());
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int value =
+            ((CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant()).getIntBits();
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn,
+                         makeByte(regs.get(0).getReg(), regs.get(1).getReg())),
+              (short) value);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22t.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22t.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..707bb97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22t.java
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.TargetInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 22t}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form22t extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form22t();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form22t() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + regs.get(1).regString() +
+            ", " + branchString(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        return branchComment(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+
+        if (!((insn instanceof TargetInsn) &&
+              (regs.size() == 2) &&
+              unsignedFitsInNibble(regs.get(0).getReg()) &&
+              unsignedFitsInNibble(regs.get(1).getReg()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        TargetInsn ti = (TargetInsn) insn;
+        return ti.hasTargetOffset() ? branchFits(ti) : true;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean branchFits(TargetInsn insn) {
+        int offset = insn.getTargetOffset();
+
+        // Note: A zero offset would fit, but it is prohibited by the spec.
+        return (offset != 0) && signedFitsInShort(offset);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int offset = ((TargetInsn) insn).getTargetOffset();
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn,
+                         makeByte(regs.get(0).getReg(), regs.get(1).getReg())),
+              (short) offset);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22x.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22x.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd6a8df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form22x.java
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.SimpleInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 22x}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form22x extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form22x();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form22x() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + regs.get(1).regString();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        // This format has no comment.
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+
+        return (insn instanceof SimpleInsn) &&
+            (regs.size() == 2) &&
+            unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(0).getReg()) &&
+            unsignedFitsInShort(regs.get(1).getReg());
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form23x.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn, regs.get(0).getReg()),
+              (short) regs.get(1).getReg());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form23x.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form23x.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaf1cee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form23x.java
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.SimpleInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 23x}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form23x extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form23x();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form23x() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + regs.get(1).regString() +
+            ", " + regs.get(2).regString();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        // This format has no comment.
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+
+        return (insn instanceof SimpleInsn) &&
+            (regs.size() == 3) &&
+            unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(0).getReg()) &&
+            unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(1).getReg()) &&
+            unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(2).getReg());
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form32x.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn, regs.get(0).getReg()),
+              codeUnit(regs.get(1).getReg(), regs.get(2).getReg()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form30t.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form30t.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0909ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form30t.java
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.TargetInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 30t}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form30t extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form30t();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form30t() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        return branchString(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        return branchComment(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 3;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        if (!((insn instanceof TargetInsn) &&
+              (insn.getRegisters().size() == 0))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean branchFits(TargetInsn insn) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        int offset = ((TargetInsn) insn).getTargetOffset();
+
+        write(out, opcodeUnit(insn, 0),
+                (short) offset,
+                (short) (offset >> 16));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form31c.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form31c.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c87a451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form31c.java
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.CstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstFieldRef;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstString;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstType;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 31c}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form31c extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form31c();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form31c() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + cstString(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        if (noteIndices) {
+            return cstComment(insn);
+        } else {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 3;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        if (!(insn instanceof CstInsn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        RegisterSpec reg;
+
+        switch (regs.size()) {
+            case 1: {
+                reg = regs.get(0);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 2: {
+                /*
+                 * This format is allowed for ops that are effectively
+                 * 2-arg but where the two args are identical.
+                 */
+                reg = regs.get(0);
+                if (reg.getReg() != regs.get(1).getReg()) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!unsignedFitsInByte(reg.getReg())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+
+        return ((cst instanceof CstType) ||
+                (cst instanceof CstFieldRef) ||
+                (cst instanceof CstString));
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int cpi = ((CstInsn) insn).getIndex();
+
+        write(out,
+                opcodeUnit(insn, regs.get(0).getReg()),
+                (short) cpi,
+                (short) (cpi >> 16));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form31i.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form31i.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e74ea86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form31i.java
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.CstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstLiteralBits;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 31i}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form31i extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form31i();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form31i() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + literalBitsString(value);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+        return literalBitsComment(value, 32);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 3;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        if (!((insn instanceof CstInsn) &&
+              (regs.size() == 1) &&
+              unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(0).getReg()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+
+        if (!(cst instanceof CstLiteralBits)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return ((CstLiteralBits) cst).fitsInInt();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form51l.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int value =
+            ((CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant()).getIntBits();
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn, regs.get(0).getReg()),
+              (short) value,
+              (short) (value >> 16));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form31t.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form31t.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..212f93b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form31t.java
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.TargetInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 31t}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form31t extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form31t();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form31t() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + branchString(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        return branchComment(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 3;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+
+        if (!((insn instanceof TargetInsn) &&
+              (regs.size() == 1) &&
+              unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(0).getReg()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean branchFits(TargetInsn insn) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int offset = ((TargetInsn) insn).getTargetOffset();
+
+        write(out, opcodeUnit(insn, regs.get(0).getReg()),
+                (short) offset,
+                (short) (offset >> 16));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form32x.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form32x.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..097fb65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form32x.java
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.SimpleInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 32x}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form32x extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form32x();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form32x() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + regs.get(1).regString();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        // This format has no comment.
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 3;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        return (insn instanceof SimpleInsn) &&
+            (regs.size() == 2) &&
+            unsignedFitsInShort(regs.get(0).getReg()) &&
+            unsignedFitsInShort(regs.get(1).getReg());
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn, 0),
+              (short) regs.get(0).getReg(),
+              (short) regs.get(1).getReg());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form35c.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form35c.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..147aac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form35c.java
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.CstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstMethodRef;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstType;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.type.Type;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 35c}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form35c extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form35c();
+
+    /** Maximal number of operands */
+    private static final int MAX_NUM_OPS = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form35c() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = explicitize(insn.getRegisters());
+        return regListString(regs) + ", " + cstString(insn);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        if (noteIndices) {
+            return cstComment(insn);
+        } else {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 3;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        if (!(insn instanceof CstInsn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        int cpi = ci.getIndex();
+
+        if (! unsignedFitsInShort(cpi)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+        if (!((cst instanceof CstMethodRef) ||
+              (cst instanceof CstType))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        RegisterSpecList regs = ci.getRegisters();
+        return (wordCount(regs) >= 0);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return Form3rc.THE_ONE;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        int cpi = ((CstInsn) insn).getIndex();
+        RegisterSpecList regs = explicitize(insn.getRegisters());
+        int sz = regs.size();
+        int r0 = (sz > 0) ? regs.get(0).getReg() : 0;
+        int r1 = (sz > 1) ? regs.get(1).getReg() : 0;
+        int r2 = (sz > 2) ? regs.get(2).getReg() : 0;
+        int r3 = (sz > 3) ? regs.get(3).getReg() : 0;
+        int r4 = (sz > 4) ? regs.get(4).getReg() : 0;
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn,
+                         makeByte(r4, sz)), // encode the fifth operand here
+              (short) cpi,
+              codeUnit(r0, r1, r2, r3));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the number of words required for the given register list, where
+     * category-2 values count as two words. Return {@code -1} if the
+     * list requires more than five words or contains registers that need
+     * more than a nibble to identify them.
+     *
+     * @param regs {@code non-null;} the register list in question
+     * @return {@code >= -1;} the number of words required, or {@code -1}
+     * if the list couldn't possibly fit in this format
+     */
+    private static int wordCount(RegisterSpecList regs) {
+        int sz = regs.size();
+
+        if (sz > MAX_NUM_OPS) {
+            // It can't possibly fit.
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        int result = 0;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            RegisterSpec one = regs.get(i);
+            result += one.getCategory();
+            /*
+             * The check below adds (category - 1) to the register, to
+             * account for the fact that the second half of a
+             * category-2 register has to be represented explicitly in
+             * the result.
+             */
+            if (!unsignedFitsInNibble(one.getReg() + one.getCategory() - 1)) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return (result <= MAX_NUM_OPS) ? result : -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a register list which is equivalent to the given one,
+     * except that it splits category-2 registers into two explicit
+     * entries. This returns the original list if no modification is
+     * required
+     *
+     * @param orig {@code non-null;} the original list
+     * @return {@code non-null;} the list with the described transformation
+     */
+    private static RegisterSpecList explicitize(RegisterSpecList orig) {
+        int wordCount = wordCount(orig);
+        int sz = orig.size();
+
+        if (wordCount == sz) {
+            return orig;
+        }
+
+        RegisterSpecList result = new RegisterSpecList(wordCount);
+        int wordAt = 0;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            RegisterSpec one = orig.get(i);
+            result.set(wordAt, one);
+            if (one.getCategory() == 2) {
+                result.set(wordAt + 1,
+                           RegisterSpec.make(one.getReg() + 1, Type.VOID));
+                wordAt += 2;
+            } else {
+                wordAt++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        result.setImmutable();
+        return result;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form3rc.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form3rc.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a061c6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form3rc.java
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.CstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpec;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstMethodRef;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstType;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 3rc}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form3rc extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form3rc();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form3rc() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int size = regs.size();
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(30);
+
+        sb.append("{");
+
+        switch (size) {
+            case 0: {
+                // Nothing to do.
+                break;
+            }
+            case 1: {
+                sb.append(regs.get(0).regString());
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                RegisterSpec lastReg = regs.get(size - 1);
+                if (lastReg.getCategory() == 2) {
+                    /*
+                     * Add one to properly represent a list-final
+                     * category-2 register.
+                     */
+                    lastReg = lastReg.withOffset(1);
+                }
+
+                sb.append(regs.get(0).regString());
+                sb.append("..");
+                sb.append(lastReg.regString());
+            }
+        }
+
+        sb.append("}, ");
+        sb.append(cstString(insn));
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        if (noteIndices) {
+            return cstComment(insn);
+        } else {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 3;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        if (!(insn instanceof CstInsn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        int cpi = ci.getIndex();
+
+        if (! unsignedFitsInShort(cpi)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+        if (!((cst instanceof CstMethodRef) ||
+              (cst instanceof CstType))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        RegisterSpecList regs = ci.getRegisters();
+        int sz = regs.size();
+
+        if (sz == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        int first = regs.get(0).getReg();
+        int next = first;
+
+        if (!unsignedFitsInShort(first)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            RegisterSpec one = regs.get(i);
+            if (one.getReg() != next) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            next += one.getCategory();
+        }
+
+        return unsignedFitsInByte(next - first);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        int sz = regs.size();
+        int cpi = ((CstInsn) insn).getIndex();
+        int firstReg;
+        int count;
+
+        if (sz == 0) {
+            firstReg = 0;
+            count = 0;
+        } else {
+            int lastReg = regs.get(sz - 1).getNextReg();
+            firstReg = regs.get(0).getReg();
+            count = lastReg - firstReg;
+        }
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn, count),
+              (short) cpi,
+              (short) firstReg);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form51l.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form51l.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..537eaa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/Form51l.java
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.CstInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.code.RegisterSpecList;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstLiteral64;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstLiteralBits;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format {@code 51l}. See the instruction format spec
+ * for details.
+ */
+public final class Form51l extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new Form51l();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private Form51l() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+
+        return regs.get(0).regString() + ", " + literalBitsString(value);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        CstLiteralBits value = (CstLiteralBits) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant();
+        return literalBitsComment(value, 64);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        return 5;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        if (!((insn instanceof CstInsn) &&
+              (regs.size() == 1) &&
+              unsignedFitsInByte(regs.get(0).getReg()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CstInsn ci = (CstInsn) insn;
+        Constant cst = ci.getConstant();
+
+        return (cst instanceof CstLiteral64);
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        RegisterSpecList regs = insn.getRegisters();
+        long value =
+            ((CstLiteral64) ((CstInsn) insn).getConstant()).getLongBits();
+
+        write(out,
+              opcodeUnit(insn, regs.get(0).getReg()),
+              (short) value,
+              (short) (value >> 16),
+              (short) (value >> 32),
+              (short) (value >> 48));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/SpecialFormat.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/SpecialFormat.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c75f18f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/code/form/SpecialFormat.java
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.code.form;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvInsn;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.DalvOps;
+import com.android.dexgen.dex.code.InsnFormat;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Instruction format for nonstandard format instructions, which aren't
+ * generally real instructions but do end up appearing in instruction
+ * lists. Most of the overridden methods on this class end up throwing
+ * exceptions, as code should know (implicitly or explicitly) to avoid
+ * using this class. The one exception is {@link #isCompatible}, which
+ * always returns {@code true}.
+ */
+public final class SpecialFormat extends InsnFormat {
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of this class */
+    public static final InsnFormat THE_ONE = new SpecialFormat();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance. This class is not publicly
+     * instantiable. Use {@link #THE_ONE}.
+     */
+    private SpecialFormat() {
+        // This space intentionally left blank.
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnArgString(DalvInsn insn) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("unsupported");
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public String insnCommentString(DalvInsn insn, boolean noteIndices) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("unsupported");
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int codeSize() {
+        throw new RuntimeException("unsupported");
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCompatible(DalvInsn insn) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public InsnFormat nextUp() {
+        throw new RuntimeException("unsupported");
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(AnnotatedOutput out, DalvInsn insn) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("unsupported");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/file/AnnotationItem.java b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/file/AnnotationItem.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a078bc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexgen/src/com/android/dexgen/dex/file/AnnotationItem.java
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.dexgen.dex.file;
+
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.annotation.Annotation;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.annotation.AnnotationVisibility;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.annotation.NameValuePair;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.Constant;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstAnnotation;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstArray;
+import com.android.dexgen.rop.cst.CstUtf8;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.AnnotatedOutput;
+import com.android.dexgen.util.ByteArrayAnnotatedOutput;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+/**
+ * Single annotation, which consists of a type and a set of name-value
+ * element pairs.
+ */
+public final class AnnotationItem extends OffsettedItem {
+    /** annotation visibility constant: visible at build time only */
+    private static final int VISIBILITY_BUILD = 0;
+
+    /** annotation visibility constant: visible at runtime */
+    private static final int VISIBILITY_RUNTIME = 1;
+
+    /** annotation visibility constant: visible at runtime only to system */
+    private static final int VISIBILITY_SYSTEM = 2;
+
+    /** the required alignment for instances of this class */
+    private static final int ALIGNMENT = 1;
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} unique instance of {@link #TypeIdSorter} */
+    private static final TypeIdSorter TYPE_ID_SORTER = new TypeIdSorter();
+
+    /** {@code non-null;} the annotation to represent */
+    private final Annotation annotation;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code null-ok;} type reference for the annotation type; set during
+     * {@link #addContents}
+     */
+    private TypeIdItem type;
+
+    /**
+     * {@code null-ok;} encoded form, ready for writing to a file; set during
+     * {@link #place0}
+     */
+    private byte[] encodedForm;
+
+    /**
+     * Comparator that sorts (outer) instances by type id index.
+     */
+    private static class TypeIdSorter implements Comparator<AnnotationItem> {
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        public int compare(AnnotationItem item1, AnnotationItem item2) {
+            int index1 = item1.type.getIndex();
+            int index2 = item2.type.getIndex();
+
+            if (index1 < index2) {
+                return -1;
+            } else if (index1 > index2) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sorts an array of instances, in place, by type id index,
+     * ignoring all other aspects of the elements. This is only valid
+     * to use after type id indices are known.
+     *
+     * @param array {@code non-null;} array to sort
+     */
+    public static void sortByTypeIdIndex(AnnotationItem[] array) {
+        Arrays.sort(array, TYPE_ID_SORTER);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance.
+     *
+     * @param annotation {@code non-null;} annotation to represent
+     */
+    public AnnotationItem(Annotation annotation) {
+        /*
+         * The write size isn't known up-front because (the variable-lengthed)
+         * leb128 type is used to represent some things.
+         */
+        super(ALIGNMENT, -1);
+
+        if (annotation == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("annotation == null");
+        }
+
+        this.annotation = annotation;
+        this.type = null;
+        this.encodedForm = null;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public ItemType itemType() {
+        return ItemType.TYPE_ANNOTATION_ITEM;
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return annotation.hashCode();