libcore/luni/src/test/java/tests/api/java/util/FormatterTest.java

/* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package tests.api.java.util;

import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FilePermission;
import java.io.Flushable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PipedOutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.security.Permission;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.DuplicateFormatFlagsException;
import java.util.FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException;
import java.util.Formattable;
import java.util.FormattableFlags;
import java.util.Formatter;
import java.util.FormatterClosedException;
import java.util.IllegalFormatCodePointException;
import java.util.IllegalFormatConversionException;
import java.util.IllegalFormatException;
import java.util.IllegalFormatFlagsException;
import java.util.IllegalFormatPrecisionException;
import java.util.IllegalFormatWidthException;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.MissingFormatArgumentException;
import java.util.MissingFormatWidthException;
import java.util.TimeZone;
import java.util.UnknownFormatConversionException;

import junit.framework.TestCase;
import dalvik.annotation.AndroidOnly;
import dalvik.annotation.BrokenTest;
import dalvik.annotation.KnownFailure;
import dalvik.annotation.TestLevel;
import dalvik.annotation.TestTargetClass;
import dalvik.annotation.TestTargetNew;

@TestTargetClass(Formatter.class) 
public class FormatterTest extends TestCase {

    class MockAppendable implements Appendable {
        public Appendable append(CharSequence arg0) throws IOException {
            return null;
        }

        public Appendable append(char arg0) throws IOException {
            return null;
        }

        public Appendable append(CharSequence arg0, int arg1, int arg2)
                throws IOException {
            return null;
        }
    }

    class MockSecurityManager extends SecurityManager {
        public void checkPermission(Permission p) {
            if (p.getActions().equals("write") && p instanceof FilePermission) {
                throw new SecurityException("Always throw security exception");
            }
        }

        public void checkPermission(Permission p, Object ctx) {
            checkPermission(p);
        }
    }

    class MockFormattable implements Formattable {
        public void formatTo(Formatter formatter, int flags, int width,
                int precision) throws IllegalFormatException {
            if ((flags & FormattableFlags.UPPERCASE) != 0) {
                formatter.format("CUSTOMIZED FORMAT FUNCTION" + " WIDTH: "
                        + width + " PRECISION: " + precision);
            } else {
                formatter.format("customized format function" + " width: "
                        + width + " precision: " + precision);
            }
        }

        public String toString() {
            return "formattable object";
        }

        public int hashCode() {
            return 0xf;
        }
    }

    class MockDestination implements Appendable, Flushable {

        private StringBuilder data = new StringBuilder();

        private boolean enabled = false;

        public Appendable append(char c) throws IOException {
            if (enabled) {
                data.append(c);
                enabled = true; // enable it after the first append
            } else {
                throw new IOException();
            }
            return this;
        }

        public Appendable append(CharSequence csq) throws IOException {
            if (enabled) {
                data.append(csq);
                enabled = true; // enable it after the first append
            } else {
                throw new IOException();
            }
            return this;
        }

        public Appendable append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end)
                throws IOException {
            if (enabled) {
                data.append(csq, start, end);
                enabled = true; // enable it after the first append
            } else {
                throw new IOException();
            }
            return this;
        }

        public void flush() throws IOException {
            throw new IOException("Always throw IOException");
        }

        public String toString() {
            return data.toString();
        }
    }

    private File notExist;

    private File fileWithContent;

    private File readOnly;

    private File secret;
    
    private TimeZone defaultTimeZone;

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter()
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {}
    )
    public void test_Constructor() {
        Formatter f = new Formatter();
        assertNotNull(f);
        assertTrue(f.out() instanceof StringBuilder);
        assertEquals(f.locale(), Locale.getDefault());
        assertNotNull(f.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter(Appendable)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.lang.Appendable.class}
    )
    @AndroidOnly("the RI trows an exception that makes no sense. See comment.")
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_lang_Appendable() {
        MockAppendable ma = new MockAppendable();
        Formatter f1 = new Formatter(ma);
        assertEquals(ma, f1.out());
        assertEquals(f1.locale(), Locale.getDefault());
        assertNotNull(f1.toString());

        Formatter f2 = new Formatter((Appendable) null);
        /*
         * If a(the input param) is null then a StringBuilder will be created
         * and the output can be attained by invoking the out() method. But RI
         * raises an error of FormatterClosedException when invoking out() or
         * toString().
         */
        Appendable sb = f2.out();
        assertTrue(sb instanceof StringBuilder);
        assertNotNull(f2.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter(Locale)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.util.Locale.class}
    )
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_util_Locale() {
        Formatter f1 = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        assertTrue(f1.out() instanceof StringBuilder);
        assertEquals(f1.locale(), Locale.FRANCE);
        assertNotNull(f1.toString());

        Formatter f2 = new Formatter((Locale) null);
        assertNull(f2.locale());
        assertTrue(f2.out() instanceof StringBuilder);
        assertNotNull(f2.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter(Appendable, Locale)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.lang.Appendable.class, java.util.Locale.class}
    )
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_lang_AppendableLjava_util_Locale() {
        MockAppendable ma = new MockAppendable();
        Formatter f1 = new Formatter(ma, Locale.CANADA);
        assertEquals(ma, f1.out());
        assertEquals(f1.locale(), Locale.CANADA);

        Formatter f2 = new Formatter(ma, null);
        assertNull(f2.locale());
        assertEquals(ma, f1.out());

        Formatter f3 = new Formatter(null, Locale.GERMAN);
        assertEquals(f3.locale(), Locale.GERMAN);
        assertTrue(f3.out() instanceof StringBuilder);
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter(String)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.lang.String.class}
    )
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_lang_String() throws IOException {
        Formatter f = null;
        try {
            f = new Formatter((String) null);
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(notExist.getPath());
        assertEquals(f.locale(), Locale.getDefault());
        f.close();

        f = new Formatter(fileWithContent.getPath());
        assertEquals(0, fileWithContent.length());
        f.close();

        // FIXME This exception will not be thrown on linux if the user is root.
        try {
            f = new Formatter(readOnly.getPath());
            fail("should throw FileNotFoundException");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // expected
        }

        SecurityManager oldsm = System.getSecurityManager();
        System.setSecurityManager(new MockSecurityManager());
        try {
            f = new Formatter(secret.getPath());
            fail("should throw SecurityException");
        } catch (SecurityException se) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            System.setSecurityManager(oldsm);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter(String, String)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.String.class}
    )
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_lang_StringLjava_lang_String()
            throws IOException {
        Formatter f = null;
        try {
            f = new Formatter((String) null, Charset.defaultCharset().name());
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            f = new Formatter(notExist.getPath(), null);
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e2) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(notExist.getPath(), Charset.defaultCharset().name());
        assertEquals(f.locale(), Locale.getDefault());
        f.close();

        try {
            f = new Formatter(notExist.getPath(), "ISO 1111-1");
            fail("should throw UnsupportedEncodingException");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(fileWithContent.getPath(), "UTF-16BE");
        assertEquals(0, fileWithContent.length());
        f.close();

        // FIXME This exception will not be thrown on linux if the user is root.
        try {
            f = new Formatter(readOnly.getPath(), "UTF-16BE");
            fail("should throw FileNotFoundException");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // expected
        }

        SecurityManager oldsm = System.getSecurityManager();
        System.setSecurityManager(new MockSecurityManager());
        try {
            f = new Formatter(secret.getPath(), "UTF-16BE");
            fail("should throw SecurityException");
        } catch (SecurityException se) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            System.setSecurityManager(oldsm);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter(String, String, Locale)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.String.class, java.util.Locale.class}
    )
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_lang_StringLjava_lang_StringLjava_util_Locale()
            throws IOException {
        Formatter f = null;
        try {
            f = new Formatter((String) null, Charset.defaultCharset().name(),
                    Locale.KOREA);
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            f = new Formatter(notExist.getPath(), null, Locale.KOREA);
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e2) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(notExist.getPath(), Charset.defaultCharset().name(),
                null);
        assertNotNull(f);
        f.close();

        f = new Formatter(notExist.getPath(), Charset.defaultCharset().name(),
                Locale.KOREA);
        assertEquals(f.locale(), Locale.KOREA);
        f.close();

        try {
            f = new Formatter(notExist.getPath(), "ISO 1111-1", Locale.CHINA);
            fail("should throw UnsupportedEncodingException");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(fileWithContent.getPath(), "UTF-16BE",
                Locale.CANADA_FRENCH);
        assertEquals(0, fileWithContent.length());
        f.close();

        // FIXME This exception will not be thrown on linux if the user is root.
        try {
            f = new Formatter(readOnly.getPath(), Charset.defaultCharset()
                    .name(), Locale.ITALY);
            fail("should throw FileNotFoundException");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // expected
        }

        SecurityManager oldsm = System.getSecurityManager();
        System.setSecurityManager(new MockSecurityManager());
        try {
            f = new Formatter(secret.getPath(),
                    Charset.defaultCharset().name(), Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE);
            fail("should throw SecurityException");
        } catch (SecurityException se) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            System.setSecurityManager(oldsm);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter(File)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.io.File.class}
    )
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_io_File() throws IOException {
        Formatter f = null;
        try {
            f = new Formatter((File) null);
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(notExist);
        assertEquals(f.locale(), Locale.getDefault());
        f.close();

        f = new Formatter(fileWithContent);
        assertEquals(0, fileWithContent.length());
        f.close();

        // FIXME This exception will not be thrown on linux if the user is root.
        try {
            f = new Formatter(readOnly);
            fail("should throw FileNotFoundException");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // expected
        }

        SecurityManager oldsm = System.getSecurityManager();
        System.setSecurityManager(new MockSecurityManager());
        try {
            f = new Formatter(secret);
            fail("should throw SecurityException");
        } catch (SecurityException se) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            System.setSecurityManager(oldsm);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter(File, String)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.io.File.class, java.lang.String.class}
    )
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_io_FileLjava_lang_String()
            throws IOException {
        Formatter f = null;
        try {
            f = new Formatter((File) null, Charset.defaultCharset().name());
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(notExist, Charset.defaultCharset().name());
        assertEquals(f.locale(), Locale.getDefault());
        f.close();

        f = new Formatter(fileWithContent, "UTF-16BE");
        assertEquals(0, fileWithContent.length());
        f.close();

        // FIXME This exception will not be thrown on linux if the user is root.
        try {
            f = new Formatter(readOnly, Charset.defaultCharset().name());
            fail("should throw FileNotFoundException");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // expected
        }

        SecurityManager oldsm = System.getSecurityManager();
        System.setSecurityManager(new MockSecurityManager());
        try {
            f = new Formatter(secret, Charset.defaultCharset().name());
            fail("should throw SecurityException");
        } catch (SecurityException se) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            System.setSecurityManager(oldsm);
        }

        try {
            f = new Formatter(notExist, null);
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e2) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            if (notExist.exists()) {
                // Fail on RI on Windows, because output stream is created and
                // not closed when exception thrown
                assertTrue(notExist.delete());
            }
        }

        try {
            f = new Formatter(notExist, "ISO 1111-1");
            fail("should throw UnsupportedEncodingException");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            if (notExist.exists()) {
                // Fail on RI on Windows, because output stream is created and
                // not closed when exception thrown
                assertTrue(notExist.delete());
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter(File, String, Locale)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.io.File.class, java.lang.String.class, java.util.Locale.class}
    )
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_io_FileLjava_lang_StringLjava_util_Locale()
            throws IOException {
        Formatter f = null;
        try {
            f = new Formatter((File) null, Charset.defaultCharset().name(),
                    Locale.KOREA);
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            f = new Formatter(notExist, null, Locale.KOREA);
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e2) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(notExist, Charset.defaultCharset().name(), null);
        assertNotNull(f);
        f.close();

        f = new Formatter(notExist, Charset.defaultCharset().name(),
                Locale.KOREA);
        assertEquals(f.locale(), Locale.KOREA);
        f.close();

        try {
            f = new Formatter(notExist, "ISO 1111-1", Locale.CHINA);
            fail("should throw UnsupportedEncodingException");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
            // expected
        }
        f = new Formatter(fileWithContent.getPath(), "UTF-16BE",
                Locale.CANADA_FRENCH);
        assertEquals(0, fileWithContent.length());
        f.close();

        // FIXME This exception will not be thrown on linux if the user is root.
        try {
            f = new Formatter(readOnly.getPath(), Charset.defaultCharset()
                    .name(), Locale.ITALY);
            fail("should throw FileNotFoundException");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // expected
        }

        SecurityManager oldsm = System.getSecurityManager();
        System.setSecurityManager(new MockSecurityManager());
        try {
            f = new Formatter(secret.getPath(),
                    Charset.defaultCharset().name(), Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE);
            fail("should throw SecurityException");
        } catch (SecurityException se) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            System.setSecurityManager(oldsm);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter(PrintStream)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.io.PrintStream.class}
    )
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_io_PrintStream() throws IOException {
        Formatter f = null;
        try {
            f = new Formatter((PrintStream) null);
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(notExist, "UTF-16BE");
        f = new Formatter(ps);
        assertEquals(Locale.getDefault(), f.locale());
        f.close();
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter(OutputStream)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.io.OutputStream.class}
    )
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_io_OutputStream() throws IOException {
        Formatter f = null;
        try {
            f = new Formatter((OutputStream) null);
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(notExist);
        f = new Formatter(os);
        assertEquals(Locale.getDefault(), f.locale());
        f.close();
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#Formatter(OutputStream, String)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.io.OutputStream.class, java.lang.String.class}
    )
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_io_OutputStreamLjava_lang_String()
            throws IOException {
        Formatter f = null;
        try {
            f = new Formatter((OutputStream) null, Charset.defaultCharset()
                    .name());
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            os = new FileOutputStream(notExist);
            f = new Formatter(os, null);
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e2) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            os.close();
        }

        try {
            os = new PipedOutputStream();
            f = new Formatter(os, "TMP-1111");
            fail("should throw UnsupportedEncodingException");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            os.close();
        }

        os = new FileOutputStream(fileWithContent);
        f = new Formatter(os, "UTF-16BE");
        assertEquals(Locale.getDefault(), f.locale());
        f.close();
    }

    /**
     * Test method for 'java.util.Formatter.Formatter(OutputStream, String,
     * Locale)
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "Formatter",
        args = {java.io.OutputStream.class, java.lang.String.class, java.util.Locale.class}
    )
    public void test_ConstructorLjava_io_OutputStreamLjava_lang_StringLjava_util_Locale()
            throws IOException {
        Formatter f = null;
        try {
            f = new Formatter((OutputStream) null, Charset.defaultCharset()
                    .name(), Locale.getDefault());
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            os = new FileOutputStream(notExist);
            f = new Formatter(os, null, Locale.getDefault());
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e2) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            os.close();
        }

        os = new FileOutputStream(notExist);
        f = new Formatter(os, Charset.defaultCharset().name(), null);
        f.close();

        try {
            os = new PipedOutputStream();
            f = new Formatter(os, "TMP-1111", Locale.getDefault());
            fail("should throw UnsupportedEncodingException");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
            // expected
        }

        os = new FileOutputStream(fileWithContent);
        f = new Formatter(os, "UTF-16BE", Locale.ENGLISH);
        assertEquals(Locale.ENGLISH, f.locale());
        f.close();
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#locale()
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "locale",
        args = {}
    )
    public void test_locale() {
        Formatter f = null;
        f = new Formatter((Locale) null);
        assertNull(f.locale());
        f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        assertEquals(f.locale(), Locale.FRANCE);

        f.close();
        try {
            f.locale();
            fail("should throw FormatterClosedException");
        } catch (FormatterClosedException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#out()
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "out",
        args = {}
    )
    public void test_out() {
        Formatter f = null;
        f = new Formatter();
        assertNotNull(f.out());
        assertTrue(f.out() instanceof StringBuilder);
        f.close();
        try {
            f.out();
            fail("should throw FormatterClosedException");
        } catch (FormatterClosedException e) {
            // expected
        }

    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#flush()
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "flush",
        args = {}
    )
    public void test_flush() throws IOException {
        Formatter f = null;
        f = new Formatter(notExist);
        assertTrue(f instanceof Flushable);
        f.close();
        try {
            f.flush();
            fail("should throw FormatterClosedException");
        } catch (FormatterClosedException e) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter();
        // For destination that does not implement Flushable
        // No exception should be thrown
        f.flush();
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#close()
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "close",
        args = {}
    )
    public void test_close() throws IOException {
        Formatter f = new Formatter(notExist);
        assertTrue(f instanceof Closeable);
        f.close();
        // close next time will not throw exception
        f.close();
        assertNull(f.ioException());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#toString()
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "toString",
        args = {}
    )
    public void test_toString() {
        Formatter f = new Formatter();
        assertNotNull(f.toString());
        assertEquals(f.out().toString(), f.toString());
        f.close();
        try {
            f.toString();
            fail("should throw FormatterClosedException");
        } catch (FormatterClosedException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#ioException()
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "ioException",
        args = {}
    )
    public void test_ioException() throws IOException {
        Formatter f = null;
        f = new Formatter(new MockDestination());
        assertNull(f.ioException());
        f.flush();
        assertNotNull(f.ioException());
        f.close();

        MockDestination md = new MockDestination();
        f = new Formatter(md);
        f.format("%s%s", "1", "2");
        // format stop working after IOException
        assertNotNull(f.ioException());
        assertEquals("", f.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for null parameter
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies null as a parameter.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_null() {
        Formatter f = new Formatter();
        try {
            f.format((String) null, "parameter");
            fail("should throw NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter();
        f.format("hello", (Object[]) null);
        assertEquals("hello", f.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for argument index
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify IllegalFormatException, FormatterClosedException.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_ArgIndex() {
        Formatter formatter = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        formatter.format("%1$s%2$s%3$s%4$s%5$s%6$s%7$s%8$s%9$s%11$s%10$s", "1",
                "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11");
        assertEquals("1234567891110", formatter.toString());

        formatter = new Formatter(Locale.JAPAN);
        formatter.format("%0$s", "hello");
        assertEquals("hello", formatter.toString());

        try {
            formatter = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            formatter.format("%-1$s", "1", "2");
            fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
        } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            formatter = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            formatter.format("%$s", "hello", "2");
            fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
        } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }
        
        try {
            Formatter f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format("%", "string");
            fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
        } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }       

        formatter = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        formatter.format("%1$s%2$s%3$s%4$s%5$s%6$s%7$s%8$s%<s%s%s%<s", "1",
                "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11");
        assertEquals("123456788122", formatter.toString());

        formatter = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        formatter.format(
                "xx%1$s22%2$s%s%<s%5$s%<s&%7$h%2$s%8$s%<s%s%s%<ssuffix", "1",
                "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", 7, "8", "9", "10", "11");
        assertEquals("xx12221155&7288233suffix", formatter.toString());

        try {
            formatter.format("%<s", "hello");
            fail("should throw MissingFormatArgumentException");
        } catch (MissingFormatArgumentException e) {
            // expected
        }

        formatter = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            formatter.format("%123$s", "hello");
            fail("should throw MissingFormatArgumentException");
        } catch (MissingFormatArgumentException e) {
            // expected
        }

        formatter = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            // 2147483648 is the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1
            formatter.format("%2147483648$s", "hello");
            fail("should throw MissingFormatArgumentException");
        } catch (MissingFormatArgumentException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            // 2147483647 is the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE
            formatter.format("%2147483647$s", "hello");
            fail("should throw MissingFormatArgumentException");
        } catch (MissingFormatArgumentException e) {
            // expected
        }

        formatter = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            formatter.format("%s%s", "hello");
            fail("should throw MissingFormatArgumentException");
        } catch (MissingFormatArgumentException e) {
            // expected
        }

        formatter = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        formatter.format("$100", 100);
        assertEquals("$100", formatter.toString());

        formatter = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
        formatter.format("%01$s", "string");
        assertEquals("string", formatter.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for width
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_Width() {
        Formatter f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%1$8s", "1");
        assertEquals("       1", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%1$-1%", "string");
        assertEquals("%", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.ITALY);
        // 2147483648 is the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1
        f.format("%2147483648s", "string");
        assertEquals("string", f.toString());

        // the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE will allocate about 4G bytes of
        // memory.
        // It may cause OutOfMemoryError, so this value is not tested
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for precision
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_Precision() {
        Formatter f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%.5s", "123456");
        assertEquals("12345", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        // 2147483648 is the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1
        f.format("%.2147483648s", "...");
        assertEquals("...", f.toString());

        // the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE will allocate about 4G bytes of
        // memory.
        // It may cause OutOfMemoryError, so this value is not tested

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%10.0b", Boolean.TRUE);
        assertEquals("          ", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%10.01s", "hello");
        assertEquals("         h", f.toString());

        try {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format("%.s", "hello", "2");
            fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
        } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format("%.-5s", "123456");
            fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
        } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format("%1.s", "hello", "2");
            fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
        } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%5.1s", "hello");
        assertEquals("    h", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        f.format("%.0s", "hello", "2");
        assertEquals("", f.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for line sperator
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies IllegalFormatFlagsException.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_LineSeparator() {
        Formatter f = null;

        String oldSeparator = System.getProperty("line.separator");
        System.setProperty("line.separator", "!\n");

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%1$n", 1);
        assertEquals("!\n", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.KOREAN);
        f.format("head%1$n%2$n", 1, new Date());
        assertEquals("head!\n!\n", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%n%s", "hello");
        assertEquals("!\nhello", f.toString());

        System.setProperty("line.separator", oldSeparator);

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            f.format("%-n");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException: %-n");
        } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            f.format("%+n");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException: %+n");
        } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            f.format("%#n");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException: %#n");
        } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            f.format("% n");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException: % n");
        } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            f.format("%0n");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException: %0n");
        } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            f.format("%,n");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException: %,n");
        } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            f.format("%(n");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException: %(n");
        } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            f.format("%4n");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatWidthException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatWidthException e) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            f.format("%-4n");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatWidthException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatWidthException e) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            f.format("%.9n");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatPrecisionException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatPrecisionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            f.format("%5.9n");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatPrecisionException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatPrecisionException e) {
            // expected
        }
        
        System.setProperty("line.separator", oldSeparator);
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for percent
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies IllegalFormatPrecisionException.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @AndroidOnly("fails on RI. See comment below")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_Percent() {
        Formatter f = null;

        f = new Formatter(Locale.ENGLISH);
        f.format("%1$%", 100);
        assertEquals("%", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.CHINA);
        f.format("%1$%%%", "hello", new Object());
        assertEquals("%%", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.CHINA);
        f.format("%%%s", "hello");
        assertEquals("%hello", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            f.format("%.9%");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatPrecisionException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatPrecisionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            f.format("%5.9%");
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatPrecisionException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatPrecisionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
    /*
     * fail on RI. The only flag supported for '%' is '-'. If any other flags are 
     * provide, FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException shall be thrown
     */
        assertFormatFlagsConversionMismatchException(f, "%+%");
        assertFormatFlagsConversionMismatchException(f, "%#%");
        assertFormatFlagsConversionMismatchException(f, "% %");
        assertFormatFlagsConversionMismatchException(f, "%0%");
        assertFormatFlagsConversionMismatchException(f, "%,%");
        assertFormatFlagsConversionMismatchException(f, "%(%");
        

        f = new Formatter(Locale.KOREAN);
        f.format("%4%", 1);
        
        /* fail on RI the output string should be right justified by appending
         * spaces till the whole string is 4 chars width.
         */
        assertEquals("   %", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%-4%", 100);
        /*
         * fail on RI, throw UnknownFormatConversionException the output string
         * should be left justified by appending spaces till the whole string is
         * 4 chars width.
         */
        assertEquals("%   ", f.toString());
    }

    private void assertFormatFlagsConversionMismatchException(Formatter f, String str) {
        try {
            f.format(str);
            fail("should throw FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException: "
                    + str);
             /*
             * error on RI, throw IllegalFormatFlagsException specification
             * says FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException should be thrown
             */
        } catch (FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException e) {
           // expected
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for flag
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies UnknownFormatConversionException, DuplicateFormatFlagsException.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_Flag() {
        Formatter f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            f.format("%1$-#-8s", "something");
            fail("should throw DuplicateFormatFlagsException");
        } catch (DuplicateFormatFlagsException e) {
            // expected
        }

        final char[] chars = { '-', '#', '+', ' ', '0', ',', '(', '%', '<' };
        Arrays.sort(chars);
        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        for (char i = 0; i <= 256; i++) {
            // test 8 bit character
            if (Arrays.binarySearch(chars, i) >= 0 || Character.isDigit(i)
                    || Character.isLetter(i)) {
                // Do not test 0-9, a-z, A-Z and characters in the chars array.
                // They are characters used as flags, width or conversions
                continue;
            }
            try {
                f.format("%" + i + "s", 1);
                fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
            } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
                // expected
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for general
     *        conversion b/B
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify IllegalFormatException, FormatterClosedException.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_format_LString$LObject_GeneralConversionB() {
        final Object[][] triple = { 
                { Boolean.FALSE,                "%3.2b",  " fa", },
                { Boolean.FALSE,                "%-4.6b", "false", },
                { Boolean.FALSE,                "%.2b",   "fa", }, 
                { Boolean.TRUE,                 "%3.2b",  " tr", },
                { Boolean.TRUE,                 "%-4.6b", "true", },
                { Boolean.TRUE,                 "%.2b",   "tr", },
                { new Character('c'),           "%3.2b",  " tr", },
                { new Character('c'),           "%-4.6b", "true", },
                { new Character('c'),           "%.2b",   "tr", },
                { new Byte((byte) 0x01),        "%3.2b",  " tr", },
                { new Byte((byte) 0x01),        "%-4.6b", "true", },
                { new Byte((byte) 0x01),        "%.2b",   "tr", },
                { new Short((short) 0x0001),    "%3.2b",  " tr", },
                { new Short((short) 0x0001),    "%-4.6b", "true", },
                { new Short((short) 0x0001),    "%.2b",   "tr", },
                { new Integer(1),               "%3.2b",  " tr", },
                { new Integer(1),               "%-4.6b", "true", },
                { new Integer(1),               "%.2b",   "tr", },
                { new Float(1.1f),              "%3.2b",  " tr", },
                { new Float(1.1f),              "%-4.6b", "true", },
                { new Float(1.1f),              "%.2b",   "tr", },
                { new Double(1.1d),             "%3.2b",  " tr", },
                { new Double(1.1d),             "%-4.6b", "true", },
                { new Double(1.1d),             "%.2b",   "tr", },
                { "",                           "%3.2b",  " tr", },
                { "",                           "%-4.6b", "true", },
                { "",                           "%.2b",   "tr", },
                { "string content",             "%3.2b",  " tr", },
                { "string content",             "%-4.6b", "true", },
                { "string content",             "%.2b",   "tr", },
                { new MockFormattable(),        "%3.2b",  " tr", },
                { new MockFormattable(),        "%-4.6b", "true", },
                { new MockFormattable(),        "%.2b",   "tr", },
                { (Object) null,                "%3.2b",  " fa", },
                { (Object) null,                "%-4.6b", "false", },
                { (Object) null,                "%.2b",   "fa", },
                };


        final int input   = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output  = 2; 
        Formatter f = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < triple.length; i++) {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
            f.format((String)triple[i][pattern], triple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + triple[i][input]
                          + ",pattern[" + i + "]:" + triple[i][pattern], triple[i][output], f.toString());

            f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
            f.format(((String)triple[i][pattern]).toUpperCase(Locale.US), triple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + triple[i][input]
                          + ",pattern[" + i + "]:" + triple[i][pattern], ((String)triple[i][output])
                    .toUpperCase(Locale.US), f.toString());
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for general
     *        conversion type 's' and 'S'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify IllegalFormatException, FormatterClosedException.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_format_LString$LObject_GeneralConversionS() {

        final Object[][] triple = { 
                { Boolean.FALSE,                "%2.3s",  "fal", },
                { Boolean.FALSE,                "%-6.4s", "fals  ", },
                { Boolean.FALSE,                "%.5s",   "false", }, 
                { Boolean.TRUE,                 "%2.3s",  "tru", },
                { Boolean.TRUE,                 "%-6.4s", "true  ", },
                { Boolean.TRUE,                 "%.5s",   "true", },
                { new Character('c'),           "%2.3s",  " c", },
                { new Character('c'),           "%-6.4s", "c     ", },
                { new Character('c'),           "%.5s",   "c", },
                { new Byte((byte) 0x01),        "%2.3s",  " 1", },
                { new Byte((byte) 0x01),        "%-6.4s", "1     ", },
                { new Byte((byte) 0x01),        "%.5s",   "1", },
                { new Short((short) 0x0001),    "%2.3s",  " 1", },
                { new Short((short) 0x0001),    "%-6.4s", "1     ", },
                { new Short((short) 0x0001),    "%.5s",   "1", },
                { new Integer(1),               "%2.3s",  " 1", },
                { new Integer(1),               "%-6.4s", "1     ", },
                { new Integer(1),               "%.5s",   "1", },
                { new Float(1.1f),              "%2.3s",  "1.1", },
                { new Float(1.1f),              "%-6.4s", "1.1   ", },
                { new Float(1.1f),              "%.5s",   "1.1", },
                { new Double(1.1d),             "%2.3s",  "1.1", },
                { new Double(1.1d),             "%-6.4s", "1.1   ", },
                { new Double(1.1d),             "%.5s",   "1.1", },
                { "",                           "%2.3s",  "  ", },
                { "",                           "%-6.4s", "      ", },
                { "",                           "%.5s",   "", },
                { "string content",             "%2.3s",  "str", },
                { "string content",             "%-6.4s", "stri  ", },
                { "string content",             "%.5s",   "strin", },
                { new MockFormattable(),        "%2.3s",  "customized format function width: 2 precision: 3", },
                { new MockFormattable(),        "%-6.4s", "customized format function width: 6 precision: 4", },
                { new MockFormattable(),        "%.5s",   "customized format function width: -1 precision: 5", },
                { (Object) null,                "%2.3s",  "nul", },
                { (Object) null,                "%-6.4s", "null  ", },
                { (Object) null,                "%.5s",   "null", },
                };


        final int input   = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output  = 2;
        Formatter f = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < triple.length; i++) {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
            f.format((String)triple[i][pattern], triple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + triple[i][input]
                          + ",pattern[" + i + "]:" + triple[i][pattern], triple[i][output], f.toString());

            f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
            f.format(((String)triple[i][pattern]).toUpperCase(Locale.US), triple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + triple[i][input]
                          + ",pattern[" + i + "]:" + triple[i][pattern], ((String)triple[i][output])
                    .toUpperCase(Locale.US), f.toString());
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for general
     *        conversion type 'h' and 'H'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify IllegalFormatException, FormatterClosedException.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_format_LString$LObject_GeneralConversionH() {

        final Object[] input = { 
                 Boolean.FALSE,                 
                 Boolean.TRUE,                  
                 new Character('c'),            
                 new Byte((byte) 0x01),         
                 new Short((short) 0x0001),     
                 new Integer(1),                
                 new Float(1.1f),               
                 new Double(1.1d),              
                 "",                            
                 "string content",              
                 new MockFormattable(),         
                 (Object) null,                 
                };

        Formatter f = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < input.length - 1; i++) {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
            f.format("%h", input[i]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + input[i], 
                    Integer.toHexString(input[i].hashCode()), f.toString());

            f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
            f.format("%H", input[i]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + input[i], 
                    Integer.toHexString(input[i].hashCode()).toUpperCase(Locale.US), f.toString());
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for general
     *        conversion other cases
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @AndroidOnly("fails on RI. See comments below")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_GeneralConversionOther() {
        /*
         * In Turkish locale, the upper case of '\u0069' is '\u0130'. The
         * following test indicate that '\u0069' is coverted to upper case
         * without using the turkish locale.
         */
        Formatter f = new Formatter(new Locale("tr"));
        f.format("%S", "\u0069");
        assertEquals("\u0049", f.toString());

        final Object[] input = { 
                Boolean.FALSE,                 
                Boolean.TRUE,                  
                new Character('c'),            
                new Byte((byte) 0x01),         
                new Short((short) 0x0001),     
                new Integer(1),                
                new Float(1.1f),               
                new Double(1.1d),              
                "",                            
                "string content",              
                new MockFormattable(),         
                (Object) null,                 
               };
        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
            if (!(input[i] instanceof Formattable)) {
                try {
                    f.format("%#s", input[i]);
                    /*
                     * fail on RI, spec says if the '#' flag is present and the
                     * argument is not a Formattable , then a
                     * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException will be thrown.
                     */
                    fail("should throw FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException");
                } catch (FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException e) {
                    // expected
                }
            } else {
                f.format("%#s%<-#8s", input[i]);
                assertEquals(
                        "customized format function width: -1 precision: -1customized format function width: 8 precision: -1",
                        f.toString());
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for general
     *        conversion exception
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_GeneralConversionException() {
        final String[] flagMismatch = { "%#b", "%+b", "% b", "%0b", "%,b",
                "%(b", "%#B", "%+B", "% B", "%0B", "%,B", "%(B", "%#h", "%+h",
                "% h", "%0h", "%,h", "%(h", "%#H", "%+H", "% H", "%0H", "%,H",
                "%(H", "%+s", "% s", "%0s", "%,s", "%(s", "%+S", "% S", "%0S",
                "%,S", "%(S" };

        Formatter f = new Formatter(Locale.US);

        for (int i = 0; i < flagMismatch.length; i++) {
            try {
                f.format(flagMismatch[i], "something");
                fail("should throw FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException");
            } catch (FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException e) {
                // expected
            }
        }

        final String[] missingWidth = { "%-b", "%-B", "%-h", "%-H", "%-s",
                "%-S", };
        for (int i = 0; i < missingWidth.length; i++) {
            try {
                f.format(missingWidth[i], "something");
                fail("should throw MissingFormatWidthException");
            } catch (MissingFormatWidthException e) {
                // expected
            }
        }
        
        // Regression test
        f = new Formatter();
        try {
            f.format("%c", (byte)-0x0001);
            fail("Should throw IllegalFormatCodePointException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatCodePointException e) {
            // expected
        }
        
        f = new Formatter();
        try {
            f.format("%c", (short)-0x0001);
            fail("Should throw IllegalFormatCodePointException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatCodePointException e) {
            // expected
        }
        
        f = new Formatter();
        try {
            f.format("%c", -0x0001);
            fail("Should throw IllegalFormatCodePointException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatCodePointException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for Character
     *        conversion
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies IllegalFormatConversionException, FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException, functionality.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @AndroidOnly("RI doesn't support 'C' format")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_CharacterConversion() {
        Formatter f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        final Object[] illArgs = { Boolean.TRUE, new Float(1.1f),
                new Double(1.1d), "string content", new Float(1.1f), new Date() };
        for (int i = 0; i < illArgs.length; i++) {
            try {
                f.format("%c", illArgs[i]);
                fail("should throw IllegalFormatConversionException");
            } catch (IllegalFormatConversionException e) {
                // expected
            }
        }

        try {
            f.format("%c", Integer.MAX_VALUE);
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatCodePointException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatCodePointException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            f.format("%#c", 'c');
            fail("should throw FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException");
        } catch (FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException e) {
            // expected
        }

        final Object[][] triple = {
                {'c',               "%c",   "c"},
                {'c',               "%-2c", "c "},
                {'\u0123',          "%c",   "\u0123"},
                {'\u0123',          "%-2c", "\u0123 "},
                {(byte) 0x11,       "%c",   "\u0011"},
                {(byte) 0x11,       "%-2c", "\u0011 "},
                {(short) 0x1111,    "%c",   "\u1111"},
                {(short) 0x1111,    "%-2c", "\u1111 "},
                {0x11,              "%c",   "\u0011"},
                {0x11,              "%-2c", "\u0011 "},
        };

        final int input   = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output  = 2;
        for (int i = 0; i < triple.length; i++) {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
                f.format((String)triple[i][pattern], triple[i][input]);
                assertEquals(triple[i][output], f.toString());
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%c", 0x10000);
        assertEquals(0x10000, f.toString().codePointAt(0));

        try {
            f.format("%2.2c", 'c');
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatPrecisionException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatPrecisionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%C", 'w');
        // error on RI, throw UnknownFormatConversionException
        // RI do not support converter 'C'
        assertEquals("W", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.JAPAN);
        f.format("%Ced", 0x1111);
        // error on RI, throw UnknownFormatConversionException
        // RI do not support converter 'C'
        assertEquals("\u1111ed", f.toString());
    }
    
    
    
    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for legal
     *        Byte/Short/Integer/Long conversion type 'd'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @KnownFailure("Some locales were removed last minute in cupcake")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_ByteShortIntegerLongConversionD() {
        final Object[][] triple = { 
                { 0,                "%d",                  "0" }, 
                { 0,                "%10d",       "         0" }, 
                { 0,                "%-1d",                "0" }, 
                { 0,                "%+d",                "+0" }, 
                { 0,                "% d",                " 0" }, 
                { 0,                "%,d",                 "0" }, 
                { 0,                "%(d",                 "0" }, 
                { 0,                "%08d",         "00000000" }, 
                { 0,                "%-+,(11d",  "+0         " }, 
                { 0,                "%0 ,(11d",  " 0000000000" }, 

                { (byte) 0xff,      "%d",                 "-1" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%10d",       "        -1" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%-1d",               "-1" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%+d",                "-1" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "% d",                "-1" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%,d",                "-1" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%(d",               "(1)" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%08d",         "-0000001" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%-+,(11d",  "(1)        " }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%0 ,(11d",  "(000000001)" }, 
                
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%d",              "-3805" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%10d",       "     -3805" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%-1d",            "-3805" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%+d",             "-3805" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "% d",             "-3805" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%,d",            "-3.805" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%(d",            "(3805)" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%08d",         "-0003805" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%-+,(11d",  "(3.805)    " }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%0 ,(11d",  "(00003.805)" }, 
                
                {  0x123456,        "%d",            "1193046" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%10d",       "   1193046" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%-1d",          "1193046" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%+d",          "+1193046" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "% d",          " 1193046" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%,d",         "1.193.046" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%(d",           "1193046" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%08d",         "01193046" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%-+,(11d",  "+1.193.046 " }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%0 ,(11d",  " 01.193.046" }, 
                
                { -3,               "%d",                 "-3" }, 
                { -3,               "%10d",       "        -3" }, 
                { -3,               "%-1d",               "-3" }, 
                { -3,               "%+d",                "-3" }, 
                { -3,               "% d",                "-3" }, 
                { -3,               "%,d",                "-3" }, 
                { -3,               "%(d",               "(3)" }, 
                { -3,               "%08d",         "-0000003" }, 
                { -3,               "%-+,(11d",  "(3)        " }, 
                { -3,               "%0 ,(11d",  "(000000003)" },
                
                { 0x7654321L,       "%d",          "124076833" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%10d",       " 124076833" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%-1d",        "124076833" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%+d",        "+124076833" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "% d",        " 124076833" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%,d",       "124.076.833" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%(d",         "124076833" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%08d",        "124076833" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%-+,(11d", "+124.076.833" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%0 ,(11d", " 124.076.833" }, 
                
                { -1L,              "%d",                 "-1" }, 
                { -1L,              "%10d",       "        -1" }, 
                { -1L,              "%-1d",               "-1" }, 
                { -1L,              "%+d",                "-1" }, 
                { -1L,              "% d",                "-1" }, 
                { -1L,              "%,d",                "-1" }, 
                { -1L,              "%(d",               "(1)" }, 
                { -1L,              "%08d",         "-0000001" }, 
                { -1L,              "%-+,(11d",  "(1)        " }, 
                { -1L,              "%0 ,(11d",  "(000000001)" }, 
                };

        final int input = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output = 2;
        Formatter f;
        for (int i = 0; i < triple.length; i++) {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
            f.format((String) triple[i][pattern],
                    triple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + triple[i][input] + ",pattern["
                    + i + "]:" + triple[i][pattern], triple[i][output], f
                    .toString());
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for legal
     *        Byte/Short/Integer/Long conversion type 'o'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_ByteShortIntegerLongConversionO() {
        final Object[][] triple = { 
                { 0,                "%o",                 "0" }, 
                { 0,                "%-6o",          "0     " }, 
                { 0,                "%08o",        "00000000" }, 
                { 0,                "%#o",               "00" }, 
                { 0,                "%0#11o",   "00000000000" }, 
                { 0,                "%-#9o",      "00       " }, 

                { (byte) 0xff,      "%o",               "377" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%-6o",          "377   " }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%08o",        "00000377" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%#o",             "0377" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%0#11o",   "00000000377" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%-#9o",      "0377     " }, 
                
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%o",            "170443" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%-6o",          "170443" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%08o",        "00170443" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%#o",          "0170443" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%0#11o",   "00000170443" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%-#9o",      "0170443  " }, 
                
                {  0x123456,        "%o",           "4432126" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%-6o",         "4432126" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%08o",        "04432126" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%#o",         "04432126" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%0#11o",   "00004432126" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%-#9o",      "04432126 " }, 
                
                { -3,               "%o",       "37777777775" }, 
                { -3,               "%-6o",     "37777777775" }, 
                { -3,               "%08o",     "37777777775" }, 
                { -3,               "%#o",     "037777777775" }, 
                { -3,               "%0#11o",  "037777777775" }, 
                { -3,               "%-#9o",   "037777777775" }, 
                
                { 0x7654321L,       "%o",          "731241441" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%-6o",        "731241441" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%08o",        "731241441" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%#o",        "0731241441" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%0#11o",    "00731241441" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%-#9o",      "0731241441" }, 
                
                { -1L,              "%o",       "1777777777777777777777" }, 
                { -1L,              "%-6o",     "1777777777777777777777" }, 
                { -1L,              "%08o",     "1777777777777777777777" }, 
                { -1L,              "%#o",     "01777777777777777777777" }, 
                { -1L,              "%0#11o",  "01777777777777777777777" }, 
                { -1L,              "%-#9o",   "01777777777777777777777" }, 
                };

        final int input = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output = 2;
        Formatter f;
        for (int i = 0; i < triple.length; i++) {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.ITALY);
            f.format((String) triple[i][pattern],
                    triple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + triple[i][input] + ",pattern["
                    + i + "]:" + triple[i][pattern], triple[i][output], f
                    .toString());
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for legal
     *        Byte/Short/Integer/Long conversion type 'x' and 'X'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_ByteShortIntegerLongConversionX() {
        final Object[][] triple = { 
                { 0,                "%x",                 "0" }, 
                { 0,                "%-8x",        "0       " }, 
                { 0,                "%06x",          "000000" }, 
                { 0,                "%#x",              "0x0" }, 
                { 0,                "%0#12x",  "0x0000000000" }, 
                { 0,                "%-#9x",      "0x0      " }, 

                { (byte) 0xff,      "%x",                "ff" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%-8x",        "ff      " }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%06x",          "0000ff" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%#x",             "0xff" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%0#12x",  "0x00000000ff" }, 
                { (byte) 0xff,      "%-#9x",      "0xff     " }, 
                
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%x",              "f123" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%-8x",        "f123    " }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%06x",          "00f123" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%#x",           "0xf123" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%0#12x",  "0x000000f123" }, 
                { (short) 0xf123,   "%-#9x",      "0xf123   " }, 
                
                {  0x123456,        "%x",            "123456" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%-8x",        "123456  " }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%06x",          "123456" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%#x",         "0x123456" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%0#12x",  "0x0000123456" }, 
                {  0x123456,        "%-#9x",      "0x123456 " }, 
                
                { -3,               "%x",          "fffffffd" }, 
                { -3,               "%-8x",        "fffffffd" }, 
                { -3,               "%06x",        "fffffffd" }, 
                { -3,               "%#x",       "0xfffffffd" }, 
                { -3,               "%0#12x",  "0x00fffffffd" }, 
                { -3,               "%-#9x",     "0xfffffffd" }, 
                
                { 0x7654321L,       "%x",          "7654321" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%-8x",       "7654321 " }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%06x",        "7654321" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%#x",       "0x7654321" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%0#12x", "0x0007654321" }, 
                { 0x7654321L,       "%-#9x",     "0x7654321" }, 
                
                { -1L,              "%x",       "ffffffffffffffff" }, 
                { -1L,              "%-8x",     "ffffffffffffffff" }, 
                { -1L,              "%06x",     "ffffffffffffffff" }, 
                { -1L,              "%#x",    "0xffffffffffffffff" }, 
                { -1L,              "%0#12x", "0xffffffffffffffff" }, 
                { -1L,              "%-#9x",  "0xffffffffffffffff" }, 
                };

        final int input = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output = 2;
        Formatter f;
        for (int i = 0; i < triple.length; i++) {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
            f.format((String) triple[i][pattern],
                    triple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + triple[i][input] + ",pattern["
                    + i + "]:" + triple[i][pattern], triple[i][output], f
                    .toString());
            
            f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
            f.format((String) triple[i][pattern],
                    triple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + triple[i][input] + ",pattern["
                    + i + "]:" + triple[i][pattern], triple[i][output], f
                    .toString());
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for Date/Time
     *        conversion
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @AndroidOnly("ICU data is different from RI data")
    @KnownFailure("Some locales were removed last minute in cupcake")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_DateTimeConversion() {
        /*
         * Implementation note: For a millisecond date based on Long.MAX_VALUE,
         * the RI produces different formatted minutes and seconds than we do.
         * Our Calendar does handle these values in the same way (see
         * CalendardTest#test_EdgeCases()), so we obviously inherit this
         * difference from ICU and simply accept it. We have left the original
         * RI values in comments in the following tables. Apart from that, there
         * are numerous other differences due to ICU locale data.
         */
        Formatter f = null;
        Date now = new Date(1147327147578L);

        Calendar paris = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone
                .getTimeZone("Europe/Paris"), Locale.FRANCE);
        paris.set(2006, 4, 8, 12, 0, 0);
        paris.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 453);
        Calendar china = Calendar.getInstance(
                TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT-08:00"), Locale.CHINA);
        china.set(2006, 4, 8, 12, 0, 0);
        china.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 609);

        final Object[][] lowerCaseGermanTriple = {
                {0L,                        'a', "Do"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'a', "So"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'a', "Do"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'a', "Do"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'a', "Mo"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'a', "Mo"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'b', "Jan"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'b', "Aug"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'b', "Jan"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'b', "Mai"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'b', "Mai"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'b', "Mai"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'c', "Do Jan 01 08:00:00 GMT+08:00 1970"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'c', "So Aug 17 15:12:55 GMT+08:00 292278994"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'c', "So Aug 17 15:18:47 GMT+08:00 292278994"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'c', "Do Jan 01 07:59:59 GMT+08:00 1970"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'c', "Do Mai 11 13:59:07 GMT+08:00 2006"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'c', "Mo Mai 08 12:00:00 MESZ 2006"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'c', "Mo Mai 08 12:00:00 GMT-08:00 2006"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'd', "01"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'd', "17"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'd', "01"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'd', "11"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'd', "08"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'd', "08"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'e', "1"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'e', "17"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'e', "1"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'e', "11"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'e', "8"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'e', "8"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'h', "Jan"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'h', "Aug"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'h', "Jan"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'h', "Mai"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'h', "Mai"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'h', "Mai"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'j', "001"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'j', "229"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'j', "001"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'j', "131"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'j', "128"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'j', "128"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'k', "8"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'k', "15"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'k', "7"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'k', "13"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'k', "12"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'k', "12"},  //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'l', "8"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'l', "3"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'l', "7"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'l', "1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'l', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'l', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'm', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'm', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'm', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'm', "05"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'm', "05"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'm', "05"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'p', "vorm."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'p', "nachm."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'p', "vorm."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'p', "nachm."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'p', "nachm."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'p', "nachm."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'r', "08:00:00 vorm."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'r', "03:12:55 PM"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'r', "03:18:47 nachm."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'r', "07:59:59 vorm."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'r', "01:59:07 nachm."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'r', "12:00:00 nachm."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'r', "12:00:00 nachm."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        's', "0"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            's', "9223372036854775"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    's', "-1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  's', "1147327147"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     's', "1147082400"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     's', "1147118400"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'y', "70"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'y', "94"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'y', "70"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'y', "06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'y', "06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'y', "06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'z', "+0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'z', "+0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'z', "+0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'z', "+0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'z', "+0100"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'z', "-0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                
        };
        
        final Object[][] lowerCaseFranceTriple = {
                {0L,                        'a', "jeu."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'a', "dim."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'a', "jeu."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'a', "jeu."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'a', "lun."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'a', "lun."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'b', "janv."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'b', "ao\u00fbt"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'b', "janv."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'b', "mai"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'b', "mai"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'b', "mai"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'c', "jeu. janv. 01 08:00:00 HMG+08:00 1970"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'c', "dim. ao\u00fbt 17 15:12:55 HMG+08:00 292278994"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'c', "dim. ao\u00fbt 17 15:18:47 HMG+08:00 292278994"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'c', "jeu. janv. 01 07:59:59 HMG+08:00 1970"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'c', "jeu. mai 11 13:59:07 HMG+08:00 2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'c', "lun. mai 08 12:00:00 HAEC 2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'c', "lun. mai 08 12:00:00 HMG-08:00 2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'd', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'd', "17"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'd', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'd', "11"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'd', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'd', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'e', "1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'e', "17"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'e', "1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'e', "11"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'e', "8"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'e', "8"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'h', "janv."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'h', "ao\u00fbt"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'h', "janv."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'h', "mai"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'h', "mai"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'h', "mai"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'j', "001"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'j', "229"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'j', "001"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'j', "131"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'j', "128"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'j', "128"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'k', "8"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'k', "15"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'k', "7"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'k', "13"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'k', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'k', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'l', "8"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'l', "3"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'l', "7"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'l', "1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'l', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'l', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'm', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'm', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'm', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'm', "05"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'm', "05"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'm', "05"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'p', "am"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'p', "pm"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'p', "am"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'p', "pm"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'p', "pm"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'p', "pm"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'r', "08:00:00 AM"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'r', "03:12:55 PM"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'r', "03:18:47 PM"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'r', "07:59:59 AM"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'r', "01:59:07 PM"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'r', "12:00:00 PM"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'r', "12:00:00 PM"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        's', "0"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            's', "9223372036854775"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    's', "-1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  's', "1147327147"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     's', "1147082400"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     's', "1147118400"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'y', "70"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'y', "94"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'y', "70"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'y', "06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'y', "06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'y', "06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'z', "+0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'z', "+0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'z', "+0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'z', "+0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'z', "+0100"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'z', "-0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                
        };
        
        final Object[][] lowerCaseCzechTriple = {
                {0L,                        'a', "\u010dt"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'a', "ne"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'a', "\u010dt"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'a', "\u010dt"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'a', "po"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'a', "po"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'b', "1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'b', "8"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'b', "1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'b', "5"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'b', "5"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'b', "5"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'c', "\u010dt 1 01 08:00:00 GMT+08:00 1970"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'c', "ne 8 17 15:12:55 GMT+08:00 292278994"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'c', "ne 8 17 15:18:47 GMT+08:00 292278994"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'c', "\u010dt 1 01 07:59:59 GMT+08:00 1970"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'c', "\u010dt 5 11 13:59:07 GMT+08:00 2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'c', "po 5 08 12:00:00 GMT+02:00 2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'c', "po 5 08 12:00:00 GMT-08:00 2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'd', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'd', "17"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'd', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'd', "11"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'd', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'd', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'e', "1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'e', "17"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'e', "1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'e', "11"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'e', "8"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'e', "8"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'h', "1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'h', "8"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'h', "1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'h', "5"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'h', "5"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'h', "5"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'j', "001"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'j', "229"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'j', "001"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'j', "131"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'j', "128"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'j', "128"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'k', "8"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'k', "15"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'k', "7"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'k', "13"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'k', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'k', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'l', "8"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'l', "3"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'l', "7"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'l', "1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'l', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'l', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'm', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'm', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'm', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'm', "05"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'm', "05"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'm', "05"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'p', "dop."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'p', "odp."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'p', "dop."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'p', "odp."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'p', "odp."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'p', "odp."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'r', "08:00:00 dop."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'r', "03:12:55 ODP."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'r', "03:18:47 odp."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'r', "07:59:59 dop."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'r', "01:59:07 odp."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'r', "12:00:00 odp."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'r', "12:00:00 odp."}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        's', "0"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            's', "9223372036854775"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    's', "-1"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  's', "1147327147"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     's', "1147082400"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     's', "1147118400"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'y', "70"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'y', "94"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'y', "70"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'y', "06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'y', "06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'y', "06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'z', "+0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'z', "+0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'z', "+0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'z', "+0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'z', "+0100"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'z', "-0800"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
        };

        assertEquals(lowerCaseGermanTriple.length, lowerCaseFranceTriple.length);
        assertEquals(lowerCaseGermanTriple.length, lowerCaseCzechTriple.length);
        
        final int input   = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output  = 2;
        for (int i = 0; i < lowerCaseGermanTriple.length; i++) {
            // go through legal conversion 
            String formatSpecifier = "%t" + lowerCaseGermanTriple[i][pattern]; //$NON-NLS-2$
            String formatSpecifierUpper = "%T" + lowerCaseGermanTriple[i][pattern]; //$NON-NLS-2$
            // test '%t'
            f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
            f.format(formatSpecifier, lowerCaseGermanTriple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("Format pattern: " + formatSpecifier //$NON-NLS-2$
                            + " Argument: " + lowerCaseGermanTriple[i][pattern], //$NON-NLS-2$
                            lowerCaseGermanTriple[i][output], f.toString());

            f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
            f.format(Locale.FRANCE, formatSpecifier, lowerCaseFranceTriple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("Format pattern: " + formatSpecifier //$NON-NLS-2$
                            + " Argument: " + lowerCaseFranceTriple[i][input], //$NON-NLS-2$
                            lowerCaseFranceTriple[i][output], f.toString());

            f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
            f.format(new Locale("cs", "CZ"), formatSpecifier, lowerCaseCzechTriple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("Format pattern: " + formatSpecifier //$NON-NLS-2$
                            + " Argument: " + lowerCaseCzechTriple[i][input], //$NON-NLS-2$
                            lowerCaseCzechTriple[i][output], f.toString());

            // test '%T'
            f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
            f.format(formatSpecifierUpper, lowerCaseGermanTriple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("Format pattern: " + formatSpecifierUpper //$NON-NLS-2$
                            + " Argument: " + lowerCaseGermanTriple[i][input], //$NON-NLS-2$
                            ((String)lowerCaseGermanTriple[i][output])
                                    .toUpperCase(Locale.US), f.toString());

            f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
            f.format(Locale.FRANCE, formatSpecifierUpper, lowerCaseFranceTriple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("Format pattern: " + formatSpecifierUpper //$NON-NLS-2$
                            + " Argument: " + lowerCaseFranceTriple[i][input], //$NON-NLS-2$
                            ((String)lowerCaseFranceTriple[i][output])
                                    .toUpperCase(Locale.US), f.toString());

            f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
            f.format(new Locale("cs", "CZ"), formatSpecifierUpper, lowerCaseCzechTriple[i][input]);
            assertEquals("Format pattern: " + formatSpecifierUpper //$NON-NLS-2$
                            + " Argument: " + lowerCaseCzechTriple[i][input], //$NON-NLS-2$
                            ((String)lowerCaseCzechTriple[i][output])
                                    .toUpperCase(Locale.US), f.toString());
        }

        final Object[][] upperCaseGermanTriple = {
                {0L,                        'A', "Donnerstag"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'A', "Sonntag"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'A', "Donnerstag"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'A', "Donnerstag"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'A', "Montag"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'A', "Montag"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'B', "Januar"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'B', "August"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'B', "Januar"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'B', "Mai"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'B', "Mai"}, //$NON-NLS-2$ 
                {china,                     'B', "Mai"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'C', "19"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'C', "2922789"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'C', "19"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'C', "20"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'C', "20"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'C', "20"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'D', "01/01/70"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'D', "08/17/94"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'D', "01/01/70"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'D', "05/11/06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'D', "05/08/06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'D', "05/08/06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'F', "1970-01-01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'F', "292278994-08-17"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'F', "1970-01-01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'F', "2006-05-11"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'F', "2006-05-08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'F', "2006-05-08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'H', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'H', "15"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'H', "07"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'H', "13"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'H', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'H', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'I', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'I', "03"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'I', "07"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'I', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'I', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'I', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'L', "000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'L', "807"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'L', "000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'L', "578"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'L', "453"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'L', "609"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'M', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'M', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'M', "18"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'M', "59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'M', "59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'M', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'M', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'N', "000000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'N', "807000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'N', "000000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'N', "578000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'N', "609000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'N', "609000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'Q', "0"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'Q', "9223372036854775807"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'Q', "-1000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'Q', "1147327147578"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'Q', "1147082400453"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'Q', "1147118400609"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'R', "08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'R', "15:12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'R', "15:18"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'R', "07:59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'R', "13:59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'R', "12:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'R', "12:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'S', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'S', "55"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'S', "47"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'S', "59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'S', "07"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'S', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'S', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'T', "08:00:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'T', "15:12:55"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'T', "15:18:47"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'T', "07:59:59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'T', "13:59:07"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'T', "12:00:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'T', "12:00:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'Y', "1970"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'Y', "292278994"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'Y', "1970"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'Y', "2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'Y', "2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'Y', "2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'Z', "GMT+08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'Z', "GMT+08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'Z', "GMT+08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'Z', "GMT+08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'Z', "MESZ"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'Z', "GMT-08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                
        };
        
        final Object[][] upperCaseFranceTriple = {
                {0L,                        'A', "jeudi"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'A', "dimanche"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'A', "jeudi"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'A', "jeudi"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'A', "lundi"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'A', "lundi"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'B', "janvier"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'B', "ao\u00fbt"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'B', "janvier"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'B', "mai"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'B', "mai"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'B', "mai"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'C', "19"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'C', "2922789"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'C', "19"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'C', "20"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'C', "20"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'C', "20"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'D', "01/01/70"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'D', "08/17/94"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'D', "01/01/70"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'D', "05/11/06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'D', "05/08/06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'D', "05/08/06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'F', "1970-01-01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'F', "292278994-08-17"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'F', "1970-01-01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'F', "2006-05-11"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'F', "2006-05-08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'F', "2006-05-08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'H', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'H', "15"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'H', "07"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'H', "13"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'H', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'H', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'I', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'I', "03"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'I', "07"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'I', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'I', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'I', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'L', "000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'L', "807"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'L', "000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'L', "578"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'L', "453"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'L', "609"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'M', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'M', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'M', "18"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'M', "59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'M', "59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'M', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'M', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'N', "000000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'N', "807000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'N', "000000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'N', "578000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'N', "453000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'N', "468000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'Q', "0"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'Q', "9223372036854775807"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'Q', "-1000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'Q', "1147327147578"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'Q', "1147082400453"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'Q', "1147118400609"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'R', "08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'R', "15:12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'R', "15:18"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'R', "07:59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'R', "13:59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'R', "12:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'R', "12:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'S', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'S', "55"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'S', "47"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'S', "59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'S', "07"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'S', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'S', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'T', "08:00:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'T', "15:12:55"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'T', "15:18:47"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'T', "07:59:59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'T', "13:59:07"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'T', "12:00:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'T', "12:00:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'Y', "1970"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'Y', "292278994"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'Y', "1970"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'Y', "2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'Y', "2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'Y', "2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'Z', "HMG+08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'Z', "HMG+08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'Z', "HMG+08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'Z', "HMG+08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'Z', "HAEC"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'Z', "HMG-08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                
        };

        final Object[][] upperCaseCzechTriple = {
                {0L,                        'A', "\u010dtvrtek"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'A', "ned\u011ble"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'A', "\u010dtvrtek"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'A', "\u010dtvrtek"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'A', "pond\u011bl\u00ed"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'A', "pond\u011bl\u00ed"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'B', "ledna"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'B', "srpna"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'B', "ledna"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'B', "kv\u011btna"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'B', "kv\u011btna"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'B', "kv\u011btna"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'C', "19"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'C', "2922789"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'C', "19"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'C', "20"}, //$NON-NLS-2$ 
                {paris,                     'C', "20"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'C', "20"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'D', "01/01/70"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'D', "08/17/94"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'D', "01/01/70"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'D', "05/11/06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'D', "05/08/06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'D', "05/08/06"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'F', "1970-01-01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'F', "292278994-08-17"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'F', "1970-01-01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'F', "2006-05-11"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'F', "2006-05-08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'F', "2006-05-08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'H', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'H', "15"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'H', "07"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'H', "13"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'H', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'H', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'I', "08"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'I', "03"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'I', "07"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'I', "01"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'I', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'I', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'L', "000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'L', "807"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'L', "000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'L', "578"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'L', "453"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'L', "609"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'M', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'M', "12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'M', "18"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'M', "59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'M', "59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'M', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'M', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'N', "000000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'N', "807000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'N', "000000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'N', "578000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'N', "453000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'N', "468000000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'Q', "0"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'Q', "9223372036854775807"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'Q', "-1000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'Q', "1147327147578"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'Q', "1147082400453"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'Q', "1147118400609"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'R', "08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'R', "15:12"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'R', "15:18"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'R', "07:59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'R', "13:59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'R', "12:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'R', "12:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'S', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'S', "55"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'S', "47"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'S', "59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'S', "07"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'S', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'S', "00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'T', "08:00:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                // {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'T', "15:12:55"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'T', "15:18:47"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'T', "07:59:59"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'T', "13:59:07"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'T', "12:00:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'T', "12:00:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'Y', "1970"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'Y', "292278994"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'Y', "1970"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'Y', "2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'Y', "2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'Y', "2006"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {0L,                        'Z', "GMT+08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {Long.MAX_VALUE,            'Z', "GMT+08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {-1000L,                    'Z', "GMT+08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new Date(1147327147578L),  'Z', "GMT+08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {paris,                     'Z', "GMT+02:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {china,                     'Z', "GMT-08:00"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
        };

        assertEquals(upperCaseGermanTriple.length, upperCaseFranceTriple.length);
        assertEquals(upperCaseGermanTriple.length, upperCaseCzechTriple.length);

        for (int i = 0; i < upperCaseGermanTriple.length; i++) {
            String formatSpecifier = "%t" + upperCaseGermanTriple[i][pattern]; //$NON-NLS-2$
            String formatSpecifierUpper = "%T" + upperCaseGermanTriple[i][pattern]; //$NON-NLS-2$
                    if ((Character)upperCaseGermanTriple[i][pattern] == 'N') {
                        // result can't be predicted on RI, so skip this test
                        continue;
                    }
                    // test '%t'
                    f = new Formatter(new Locale("cs", "CZ"));
                    f.format(formatSpecifier, upperCaseCzechTriple[i][input]);
                    assertEquals("Format pattern: " + formatSpecifier //$NON-NLS-2$
                            + " Argument: " + upperCaseCzechTriple[i][input], //$NON-NLS-2$
                            upperCaseCzechTriple[i][output], f.toString());

                    f = new Formatter(new Locale("cs", "CZ"));
                    f.format(Locale.GERMAN, formatSpecifier, upperCaseGermanTriple[i][input]);
                    assertEquals("Format pattern: " + formatSpecifier //$NON-NLS-2$
                            + " Argument: " + upperCaseGermanTriple[i][input], //$NON-NLS-2$
                            upperCaseGermanTriple[i][output], f.toString());

                    f = new Formatter(new Locale("cs", "CZ"));
                    f.format(Locale.FRANCE, formatSpecifier, upperCaseFranceTriple[i][input]);
                    assertEquals("Format pattern: " + formatSpecifier //$NON-NLS-2$
                            + " Argument: " + upperCaseFranceTriple[i][input], //$NON-NLS-2$
                            upperCaseFranceTriple[i][output], f.toString());

                    // test '%T'
                    f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
                    f.format(formatSpecifierUpper, upperCaseGermanTriple[i][input]);
                    assertEquals("Format pattern: " + formatSpecifierUpper //$NON-NLS-2$
                            + " Argument: " + upperCaseGermanTriple[i][input], //$NON-NLS-2$
                            ((String)upperCaseGermanTriple[i][output])
                                    .toUpperCase(Locale.US), f.toString());

                    f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
                    f.format(new Locale("cs", "CZ"), formatSpecifierUpper, upperCaseCzechTriple[i][input]);
                    assertEquals("Format pattern: " + formatSpecifierUpper //$NON-NLS-2$
                            + " Argument: " + upperCaseCzechTriple[i][input], //$NON-NLS-2$
                            ((String)upperCaseCzechTriple[i][output])
                                    .toUpperCase(Locale.US), f.toString());

                    f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
                    f.format(Locale.FRANCE, formatSpecifierUpper, upperCaseFranceTriple[i][input]);
                    assertEquals("Format pattern: " + formatSpecifierUpper //$NON-NLS-2$
                            + " Argument: " + upperCaseFranceTriple[i][input], //$NON-NLS-2$
                            ((String)upperCaseFranceTriple[i][output])
                                    .toUpperCase(Locale.US), f.toString());
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%-10ta", now); //$NON-NLS-2$
        assertEquals("Thu       ", f.toString()); //$NON-NLS-2$

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%10000000000000000000000000000000001ta", now); //$NON-NLS-2$
        assertEquals("Thu", f.toString().trim()); //$NON-NLS-2$
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for null argment for
     *        Byte/Short/Integer/Long/BigInteger conversion
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies null as the second parameter.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_ByteShortIntegerLongNullConversion() {

        Formatter f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        f.format("%d%<o%<x%<5X", (Integer) null);
        assertEquals("nullnullnull NULL", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%d%<#03o %<0#4x%<6X", (Long) null);
        assertEquals("nullnull null  NULL", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%(+,07d%<o %<x%<6X", (Byte) null);
        assertEquals("   nullnull null  NULL", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.ITALY);
        f.format("%(+,07d%<o %<x%<0#6X", (Short) null);
        assertEquals("   nullnull null  NULL", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%(+,-7d%<( o%<+(x %<( 06X", (BigInteger) null);
        assertEquals("null   nullnull   NULL", f.toString());
    }
    
    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for legal
     *        BigInteger conversion type 'd'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Flaky! results. differs if debugger is attached." +
                "Unchecked IllegalFormatException, FormatterClosedException.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @KnownFailure("Some locales were removed last minute in cupcake")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$LBigInteger() {
        final Object[][] tripleD = {
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%d",       "123456789012345678901234567890"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%10d",     "123456789012345678901234567890"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%-1d",     "123456789012345678901234567890"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%+d",      "+123456789012345678901234567890"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "% d",      " 123456789012345678901234567890"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%,d",      "123.456.789.012.345.678.901.234.567.890"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%(d",      "123456789012345678901234567890"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%08d",     "123456789012345678901234567890"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%-+,(11d", "+123.456.789.012.345.678.901.234.567.890"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%0 ,(11d", " 123.456.789.012.345.678.901.234.567.890"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%d",       "-9876543210987654321098765432100000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%10d",     "-9876543210987654321098765432100000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%-1d",     "-9876543210987654321098765432100000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%+d",      "-9876543210987654321098765432100000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "% d",      "-9876543210987654321098765432100000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%,d",      "-9.876.543.210.987.654.321.098.765.432.100.000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%(d",      "(9876543210987654321098765432100000)"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%08d",     "-9876543210987654321098765432100000"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%-+,(11d", "(9.876.543.210.987.654.321.098.765.432.100.000)"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%0 ,(11d", "(9.876.543.210.987.654.321.098.765.432.100.000)"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
        };
        
        final int input = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output = 2;
        Formatter f;
        for (int i = 0; i < tripleD.length; i++) {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
            f.format((String) tripleD[i][pattern],
                    tripleD[i][input]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleD[i][input] + ",pattern["
                    + i + "]:" + tripleD[i][pattern], tripleD[i][output], f
                    .toString());
            
        }
        
        final Object[][] tripleO = {
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%o",       "143564417755415637016711617605322"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%-6o",     "143564417755415637016711617605322"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%08o",     "143564417755415637016711617605322"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%#o",      "0143564417755415637016711617605322"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%0#11o",   "0143564417755415637016711617605322"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%-#9o",    "0143564417755415637016711617605322"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%o",       "-36336340043453651353467270113157312240"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%-6o",     "-36336340043453651353467270113157312240"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%08o",     "-36336340043453651353467270113157312240"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%#o",      "-036336340043453651353467270113157312240"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%0#11o",   "-036336340043453651353467270113157312240"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%-#9o",    "-036336340043453651353467270113157312240"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
        };
        for (int i = 0; i < tripleO.length; i++) {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.ITALY);
            f.format((String) tripleO[i][pattern],
                    tripleO[i][input]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleO[i][input] + ",pattern["
                    + i + "]:" + tripleO[i][pattern], tripleO[i][output], f
                    .toString());
            
        }
        
        final Object[][] tripleX = {
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%x",       "18ee90ff6c373e0ee4e3f0ad2"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%-8x",     "18ee90ff6c373e0ee4e3f0ad2"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%06x",     "18ee90ff6c373e0ee4e3f0ad2"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%#x",      "0x18ee90ff6c373e0ee4e3f0ad2"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%0#12x",   "0x18ee90ff6c373e0ee4e3f0ad2"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890"),          "%-#9x",    "0x18ee90ff6c373e0ee4e3f0ad2"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%x",       "-1e6f380472bd4bae6eb8259bd94a0"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%-8x",     "-1e6f380472bd4bae6eb8259bd94a0"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%06x",     "-1e6f380472bd4bae6eb8259bd94a0"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%#x",      "-0x1e6f380472bd4bae6eb8259bd94a0"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%0#12x",   "-0x1e6f380472bd4bae6eb8259bd94a0"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
                {new BigInteger("-9876543210987654321098765432100000"),     "%-#9x",    "-0x1e6f380472bd4bae6eb8259bd94a0"}, //$NON-NLS-2$
        };
        
        for (int i = 0; i < tripleX.length; i++) {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
            f.format((String) tripleX[i][pattern],
                    tripleX[i][input]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleX[i][input] + ",pattern["
                    + i + "]:" + tripleX[i][pattern], tripleX[i][output], f
                    .toString());
            
        }
        
        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%(+,-7d%<( o%<+(x %<( 06X", (BigInteger) null);
        assertEquals("null   nullnull   NULL", f.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for padding of
     *        BigInteger conversion
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies boundary conditions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @KnownFailure("Some locales were removed last minute in cupcake")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_BigIntegerPaddingConversion() {
        Formatter f = null;

        BigInteger bigInt = new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890");
        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%32d", bigInt);
        assertEquals("  123456789012345678901234567890", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%+32x", bigInt);
        assertEquals("      +18ee90ff6c373e0ee4e3f0ad2", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("% 32o", bigInt);
        assertEquals(" 143564417755415637016711617605322", f.toString());

        BigInteger negBigInt = new BigInteger(
                "-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890");
        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%( 040X", negBigInt);
        assertEquals("(000003A0C92075C0DBF3B8ACBC5F96CE3F0AD2)", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%+(045d", negBigInt);
        assertEquals("(0001234567890123456789012345678901234567890)", f
                .toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%+,-(60d", negBigInt);
        assertEquals(
                "(1.234.567.890.123.456.789.012.345.678.901.234.567.890)     ",
                f.toString());
    }
    
    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for BigInteger
     *        conversion exception
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_BigIntegerConversionException() {
        Formatter f = null;

        final String[] flagsConversionMismatches = { "%#d", "%,o", "%,x", "%,X" };
        for (int i = 0; i < flagsConversionMismatches.length; i++) {
            try {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.CHINA);
                f.format(flagsConversionMismatches[i], new BigInteger("1"));
                fail("should throw FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException");
            } catch (FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException e) {
                // expected
            }
        }

        final String[] missingFormatWidths = { "%-0d", "%0d", "%-d", "%-0o",
                "%0o", "%-o", "%-0x", "%0x", "%-x", "%-0X", "%0X", "%-X" };
        for (int i = 0; i < missingFormatWidths.length; i++) {
            try {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.KOREA);
                f.format(missingFormatWidths[i], new BigInteger("1"));
                fail("should throw MissingFormatWidthException");
            } catch (MissingFormatWidthException e) {
                // expected
            }
        }

        final String[] illFlags = { "%+ d", "%-08d", "%+ o", "%-08o", "%+ x",
                "%-08x", "%+ X", "%-08X" };
        for (int i = 0; i < illFlags.length; i++) {
            try {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.CANADA);
                f.format(illFlags[i], new BigInteger("1"));
                fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException");
            } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
                // expected
            }
        }

        final String[] precisionExceptions = { "%.4d", "%2.5o", "%8.6x",
                "%11.17X" };
        for (int i = 0; i < precisionExceptions.length; i++) {
            try {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
                f.format(precisionExceptions[i], new BigInteger("1"));
                fail("should throw IllegalFormatPrecisionException");
            } catch (IllegalFormatPrecisionException e) {
                // expected
            }
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            f.format("%D", new BigInteger("1"));
            fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
        } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            f.format("%O", new BigInteger("1"));
            fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
        } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            f = new Formatter();
            f.format("%010000000000000000000000000000000001d", new BigInteger(
                    "1"));
            fail("should throw MissingFormatWidthException");
        } catch (MissingFormatWidthException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for BigInteger
     *        exception throwing order
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_BigIntegerExceptionOrder() {
        Formatter f = null;
        BigInteger big = new BigInteger("100");

        /*
         * Order summary: UnknownFormatConversionException >
         * MissingFormatWidthException > IllegalFormatFlagsException >
         * IllegalFormatPrecisionException > IllegalFormatConversionException >
         * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException
         * 
         */
        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            // compare IllegalFormatConversionException and
            // FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException
            f.format("%(o", false);
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatConversionException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            // compare IllegalFormatPrecisionException and
            // IllegalFormatConversionException
            f.format("%.4o", false);
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatPrecisionException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatPrecisionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            // compare IllegalFormatFlagsException and
            // IllegalFormatPrecisionException
            f.format("%+ .4o", big);
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            // compare MissingFormatWidthException and
            // IllegalFormatFlagsException
            f.format("%+ -o", big);
            fail("should throw MissingFormatWidthException");
        } catch (MissingFormatWidthException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            // compare UnknownFormatConversionException and
            // MissingFormatWidthException
            f.format("%-O", big);
            fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
        } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for Float/Double
     *        conversion type 'e' and 'E'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @KnownFailure("Formatting of Double.MIN_VALUE works improperly")
    @AndroidOnly("last case fails on RI. See comment below")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_FloatConversionE() {
        Formatter f = null;
        final Object[][] tripleE = {
                {0f, "%e",          "0.000000e+00"},
                {0f, "%#.0e",       "0.e+00"},
                {0f, "%#- (9.8e",   " 0.00000000e+00"},
                {0f, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+0.0000e+00"},
                {0f, "%-+(1.6e",    "+0.000000e+00"},
                {0f, "% 0(12e",     " 0.000000e+00"},
                
                {101f, "%e",          "1.010000e+02"},
                {101f, "%#.0e",       "1.e+02"},
                {101f, "%#- (9.8e",   " 1.01000000e+02"},
                {101f, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+1.0100e+02"},
                {101f, "%-+(1.6e",    "+1.010000e+02"},
                {101f, "% 0(12e",     " 1.010000e+02"},
                
                {1.f, "%e",          "1.000000e+00"},
                {1.f, "%#.0e",       "1.e+00"},
                {1.f, "%#- (9.8e",   " 1.00000000e+00"},
                {1.f, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+1.0000e+00"},
                {1.f, "%-+(1.6e",    "+1.000000e+00"},
                {1.f, "% 0(12e",     " 1.000000e+00"},
                
                {-98f, "%e",          "-9.800000e+01"},
                {-98f, "%#.0e",       "-1.e+02"},
                {-98f, "%#- (9.8e",   "(9.80000000e+01)"},
                {-98f, "%#+0(8.4e",   "(9.8000e+01)"},
                {-98f, "%-+(1.6e",    "(9.800000e+01)"},
                {-98f, "% 0(12e",     "(9.800000e+01)"},
                
                {1.23f, "%e",          "1.230000e+00"},
                {1.23f, "%#.0e",       "1.e+00"},
                {1.23f, "%#- (9.8e",   " 1.23000002e+00"},
                {1.23f, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+1.2300e+00"},
                {1.23f, "%-+(1.6e",    "+1.230000e+00"},
                {1.23f, "% 0(12e",     " 1.230000e+00"},
                
                {34.1234567f, "%e",          "3.412346e+01"},
                {34.1234567f, "%#.0e",       "3.e+01"},
                {34.1234567f, "%#- (9.8e",   " 3.41234550e+01"},
                {34.1234567f, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+3.4123e+01"},
                {34.1234567f, "%-+(1.6e",    "+3.412346e+01"},
                {34.1234567f, "% 0(12e",     " 3.412346e+01"},
                
                {-.12345f, "%e",          "-1.234500e-01"},
                {-.12345f, "%#.0e",       "-1.e-01"},
                {-.12345f, "%#- (9.8e",   "(1.23450004e-01)"},
                {-.12345f, "%#+0(8.4e",   "(1.2345e-01)"},
                {-.12345f, "%-+(1.6e",    "(1.234500e-01)"},
                {-.12345f, "% 0(12e",     "(1.234500e-01)"},
                
                {-9876.1234567f, "%e",          "-9.876123e+03"},
                {-9876.1234567f, "%#.0e",       "-1.e+04"},
                {-9876.1234567f, "%#- (9.8e",   "(9.87612305e+03)"},
                {-9876.1234567f, "%#+0(8.4e",   "(9.8761e+03)"},
                {-9876.1234567f, "%-+(1.6e",    "(9.876123e+03)"},
                {-9876.1234567f, "% 0(12e",     "(9.876123e+03)"},
                
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%e",          "3.402823e+38"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%#.0e",       "3.e+38"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%#- (9.8e",   " 3.40282347e+38"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+3.4028e+38"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%-+(1.6e",    "+3.402823e+38"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "% 0(12e",     " 3.402823e+38"},
                
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%e",          "1.401298e-45"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%#.0e",       "1.e-45"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%#- (9.8e",   " 1.40129846e-45"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+1.4013e-45"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%-+(1.6e",    "+1.401298e-45"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "% 0(12e",     " 1.401298e-45"},
                
                {Float.NaN, "%e",          "NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%#.0e",       "NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%#- (9.8e",   "NaN      "},
                {Float.NaN, "%#+0(8.4e",   "     NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%-+(1.6e",    "NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "% 0(12e",     "         NaN"},
                
                
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%e",          "-Infinity"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#.0e",       "-Infinity"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#- (9.8e",   "(Infinity)"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#+0(8.4e",   "(Infinity)"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%-+(1.6e",    "(Infinity)"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "% 0(12e",     "  (Infinity)"},
                
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%e",          "-Infinity"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#.0e",       "-Infinity"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#- (9.8e",   "(Infinity)"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#+0(8.4e",   "(Infinity)"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%-+(1.6e",    "(Infinity)"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "% 0(12e",     "  (Infinity)"},
                
                {0d, "%e",          "0.000000e+00"},
                {0d, "%#.0e",       "0.e+00"},
                {0d, "%#- (9.8e",   " 0.00000000e+00"},
                {0d, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+0.0000e+00"},
                {0d, "%-+(1.6e",    "+0.000000e+00"},
                {0d, "% 0(12e",     " 0.000000e+00"},
                
                {1d, "%e",          "1.000000e+00"},
                {1d, "%#.0e",       "1.e+00"},
                {1d, "%#- (9.8e",   " 1.00000000e+00"},
                {1d, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+1.0000e+00"},
                {1d, "%-+(1.6e",    "+1.000000e+00"},
                {1d, "% 0(12e",     " 1.000000e+00"},
                
                {-1d, "%e",          "-1.000000e+00"},
                {-1d, "%#.0e",       "-1.e+00"},
                {-1d, "%#- (9.8e",   "(1.00000000e+00)"},
                {-1d, "%#+0(8.4e",   "(1.0000e+00)"},
                {-1d, "%-+(1.6e",    "(1.000000e+00)"},
                {-1d, "% 0(12e",     "(1.000000e+00)"},
                
                
                {.00000001d, "%e",          "1.000000e-08"},
                {.00000001d, "%#.0e",       "1.e-08"},
                {.00000001d, "%#- (9.8e",   " 1.00000000e-08"},
                {.00000001d, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+1.0000e-08"},
                {.00000001d, "%-+(1.6e",    "+1.000000e-08"},
                {.00000001d, "% 0(12e",     " 1.000000e-08"},
                
                {9122.10d, "%e",          "9.122100e+03"},
                {9122.10d, "%#.0e",       "9.e+03"},
                {9122.10d, "%#- (9.8e",   " 9.12210000e+03"},
                {9122.10d, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+9.1221e+03"},
                {9122.10d, "%-+(1.6e",    "+9.122100e+03"},
                {9122.10d, "% 0(12e",     " 9.122100e+03"},
                
                {0.1d, "%e",          "1.000000e-01"},
                {0.1d, "%#.0e",       "1.e-01"},
                {0.1d, "%#- (9.8e",   " 1.00000000e-01"},
                {0.1d, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+1.0000e-01"},
                {0.1d, "%-+(1.6e",    "+1.000000e-01"},
                {0.1d, "% 0(12e",     " 1.000000e-01"},
                
                {-2.d, "%e",          "-2.000000e+00"},
                {-2.d, "%#.0e",       "-2.e+00"},
                {-2.d, "%#- (9.8e",   "(2.00000000e+00)"},
                {-2.d, "%#+0(8.4e",   "(2.0000e+00)"},
                {-2.d, "%-+(1.6e",    "(2.000000e+00)"},
                {-2.d, "% 0(12e",     "(2.000000e+00)"},
                
                {-.39d, "%e",          "-3.900000e-01"},
                {-.39d, "%#.0e",       "-4.e-01"},
                {-.39d, "%#- (9.8e",   "(3.90000000e-01)"},
                {-.39d, "%#+0(8.4e",   "(3.9000e-01)"},
                {-.39d, "%-+(1.6e",    "(3.900000e-01)"},
                {-.39d, "% 0(12e",     "(3.900000e-01)"},
                
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%e",          "-1.234568e+09"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%#.0e",       "-1.e+09"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%#- (9.8e",   "(1.23456789e+09)"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%#+0(8.4e",   "(1.2346e+09)"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%-+(1.6e",    "(1.234568e+09)"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "% 0(12e",     "(1.234568e+09)"},
                
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%e",          "1.797693e+308"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%#.0e",       "2.e+308"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%#- (9.8e",   " 1.79769313e+308"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+1.7977e+308"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%-+(1.6e",    "+1.797693e+308"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "% 0(12e",     " 1.797693e+308"},
                
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%e",          "4.900000e-324"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%#.0e",       "5.e-324"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%#- (9.8e",   " 4.90000000e-324"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+4.9000e-324"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%-+(1.6e",    "+4.900000e-324"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "% 0(12e",     " 4.900000e-324"},
                
                {Double.NaN, "%e",          "NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%#.0e",       "NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%#- (9.8e",   "NaN      "},
                {Double.NaN, "%#+0(8.4e",   "     NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%-+(1.6e",    "NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "% 0(12e",     "         NaN"},
                
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%e",          "-Infinity"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#.0e",       "-Infinity"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#- (9.8e",   "(Infinity)"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#+0(8.4e",   "(Infinity)"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%-+(1.6e",    "(Infinity)"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "% 0(12e",     "  (Infinity)"},
                
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%e",          "Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%#.0e",       "Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%#- (9.8e",   " Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%#+0(8.4e",   "+Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%-+(1.6e",    "+Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "% 0(12e",     "    Infinity"},
        };
        final int input   = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output  = 2;
            for (int i = 0; i < tripleE.length; i++) {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
                f.format((String)tripleE[i][pattern], tripleE[i][input]);
                assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleE[i][input] + ",pattern["
                        + i + "]:" + tripleE[i][pattern],
                        tripleE[i][output], f.toString());

                // test for conversion type 'E'
                f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
                f.format(((String)tripleE[i][pattern]).toUpperCase(), tripleE[i][input]);
                assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleE[i][input] + ",pattern["
                        + i + "]:" + tripleE[i][pattern], ((String)tripleE[i][output])
                        .toUpperCase(Locale.UK), f.toString());
            }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%e", 1001f);
        /*
         * fail on RI, spec says 'e' requires the output to be formatted in
         * general scientific notation and the localization algorithm is
         * applied. But RI format this case to 1.001000e+03, which does not
         * conform to the German Locale
         */
        assertEquals("1,001000e+03", f.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for Float/Double
     *        conversion type 'g' and 'G'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @KnownFailure("Formatting of Double.MIN_VALUE works improperly")
    @AndroidOnly("last case fails on RI. See comment below")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_FloatConversionG() {
        Formatter f = null;
        final Object[][] tripleG = {
                {1001f, "%g",           "1001.00"},
                {1001f, "%- (,9.8g",    " 1,001.0000"},
                {1001f, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+001,001"},
                {1001f, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+1,001.00"},
                {1001f, "% 0(,12.0g",   " 0000001e+03"},
                
                {1.f, "%g",           "1.00000"},
                {1.f, "%- (,9.8g",    " 1.0000000"},
                {1.f, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+001.000"},
                {1.f, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+1.00000"},
                {1.f, "% 0(,12.0g",   " 00000000001"},
                
                {-98f, "%g",           "-98.0000"},
                {-98f, "%- (,9.8g",    "(98.000000)"},
                {-98f, "%+0(,8.4g",    "(098.00)"},
                {-98f, "%-+(,1.6g",    "(98.0000)"},
                {-98f, "% 0(,12.0g",   "(000001e+02)"},
                
                {0.000001f, "%g",           "1.00000e-06"},
                {0.000001f, "%- (,9.8g",    " 1.0000000e-06"},
                {0.000001f, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+1.000e-06"},
                {0.000001f, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+1.00000e-06"},
                {0.000001f, "% 0(,12.0g",   " 0000001e-06"},
                
                {345.1234567f, "%g",           "345.123"},
                {345.1234567f, "%- (,9.8g",    " 345.12344"},
                {345.1234567f, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+00345.1"},
                {345.1234567f, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+345.123"},
                {345.1234567f, "% 0(,12.0g",   " 0000003e+02"},

                {-.00000012345f, "%g",           "-1.23450e-07"},
                {-.00000012345f, "%- (,9.8g",    "(1.2344999e-07)"},
                {-.00000012345f, "%+0(,8.4g",    "(1.234e-07)"},
                {-.00000012345f, "%-+(,1.6g",    "(1.23450e-07)"},
                {-.00000012345f, "% 0(,12.0g",   "(000001e-07)"},
                
                {-987.1234567f, "%g",           "-987.123"},
                {-987.1234567f, "%- (,9.8g",    "(987.12347)"},
                {-987.1234567f, "%+0(,8.4g",    "(0987.1)"},
                {-987.1234567f, "%-+(,1.6g",    "(987.123)"},
                {-987.1234567f, "% 0(,12.0g",   "(000001e+03)"},
                
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%g",           "3.40282e+38"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%- (,9.8g",    " 3.4028235e+38"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+3.403e+38"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+3.40282e+38"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "% 0(,12.0g",   " 0000003e+38"},
                
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%g",           "1.40130e-45"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%- (,9.8g",    " 1.4012985e-45"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+1.401e-45"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+1.40130e-45"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "% 0(,12.0g",   " 0000001e-45"},
                
                {Float.NaN, "%g",           "NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%- (,9.8g",    "NaN      "},
                {Float.NaN, "%+0(,8.4g",    "     NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%-+(,1.6g",    "NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "% 0(,12.0g",   "         NaN"},
                
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%g",           "-Infinity"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%- (,9.8g",    "(Infinity)"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%+0(,8.4g",    "(Infinity)"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%-+(,1.6g",    "(Infinity)"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "% 0(,12.0g",   "  (Infinity)"},
                
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%g",           "Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%- (,9.8g",    " Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "% 0(,12.0g",   "    Infinity"},
                
                {1d, "%g",           "1.00000"},
                {1d, "%- (,9.8g",    " 1.0000000"},
                {1d, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+001.000"},
                {1d, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+1.00000"},
                {1d, "% 0(,12.0g",   " 00000000001"},
                
                {-1d, "%g",           "-1.00000"},
                {-1d, "%- (,9.8g",    "(1.0000000)"},
                {-1d, "%+0(,8.4g",    "(01.000)"},
                {-1d, "%-+(,1.6g",    "(1.00000)"},
                {-1d, "% 0(,12.0g",   "(0000000001)"},
                
                {.00000001d, "%g",           "1.00000e-08"},
                {.00000001d, "%- (,9.8g",    " 1.0000000e-08"},
                {.00000001d, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+1.000e-08"},
                {.00000001d, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+1.00000e-08"},
                {.00000001d, "% 0(,12.0g",   " 0000001e-08"},
                
                {1912.10d, "%g",           "1912.10"},
                {1912.10d, "%- (,9.8g",    " 1,912.1000"},
                {1912.10d, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+001,912"},
                {1912.10d, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+1,912.10"},
                {1912.10d, "% 0(,12.0g",   " 0000002e+03"},
                
                {0.1d, "%g",           "0.100000"},
                {0.1d, "%- (,9.8g",    " 0.10000000"},
                {0.1d, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+00.1000"},
                {0.1d, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+0.100000"},
                {0.1d, "% 0(,12.0g",   " 000000000.1"},
                
                {-2.d, "%g",           "-2.00000"},
                {-2.d, "%- (,9.8g",    "(2.0000000)"},
                {-2.d, "%+0(,8.4g",    "(02.000)"},
                {-2.d, "%-+(,1.6g",    "(2.00000)"},
                {-2.d, "% 0(,12.0g",   "(0000000002)"},
                
                {-.00039d, "%g",           "-0.000390000"},
                {-.00039d, "%- (,9.8g",    "(0.00039000000)"},
                {-.00039d, "%+0(,8.4g",    "(0.0003900)"},
                {-.00039d, "%-+(,1.6g",    "(0.000390000)"},
                {-.00039d, "% 0(,12.0g",   "(00000.0004)"},
                
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%g",           "-1.23457e+09"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%- (,9.8g",    "(1.2345679e+09)"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%+0(,8.4g",    "(1.235e+09)"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%-+(,1.6g",    "(1.23457e+09)"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "% 0(,12.0g",   "(000001e+09)"},
                
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%g",           "1.79769e+308"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%- (,9.8g",    " 1.7976931e+308"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+1.798e+308"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+1.79769e+308"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "% 0(,12.0g",   " 000002e+308"},
                
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%g",           "4.90000e-324"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%- (,9.8g",    " 4.9000000e-324"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+4.900e-324"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+4.90000e-324"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "% 0(,12.0g",   " 000005e-324"},
                
                {Double.NaN, "%g",           "NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%- (,9.8g",    "NaN      "},
                {Double.NaN, "%+0(,8.4g",    "     NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%-+(,1.6g",    "NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "% 0(,12.0g",   "         NaN"},
                
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%g",           "-Infinity"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%- (,9.8g",    "(Infinity)"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%+0(,8.4g",    "(Infinity)"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%-+(,1.6g",    "(Infinity)"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "% 0(,12.0g",   "  (Infinity)"},
                
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%g",           "Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%- (,9.8g",    " Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%+0(,8.4g",    "+Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%-+(,1.6g",    "+Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "% 0(,12.0g",   "    Infinity"},
                
        };
        final int input   = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output  = 2;
            for (int i = 0; i < tripleG.length; i++) {
                
                f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
                f.format((String)tripleG[i][pattern], tripleG[i][input]);
                assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleG[i][input] + ",pattern["
                        + i + "]:" + tripleG[i][pattern],
                        tripleG[i][output], f.toString());

                // test for conversion type 'G'
                f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
                f.format(((String)tripleG[i][pattern]).toUpperCase(), tripleG[i][input]);
                assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleG[i][input] + ",pattern["
                        + i + "]:" + tripleG[i][pattern], ((String)tripleG[i][output])
                        .toUpperCase(Locale.UK), f.toString());
            }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%.5g", 0f);
        assertEquals("0.0000", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%.0g", 0f);
        /*
         * fail on RI, spec says if the precision is 0, then it is taken to be
         * 1. but RI throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.
         */
        assertEquals("0", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%g", 1001f);
        /*
         * fail on RI, spec says 'g' requires the output to be formatted in
         * general scientific notation and the localization algorithm is
         * applied. But RI format this case to 1001.00, which does not conform
         * to the German Locale
         */
        assertEquals("1001,00", f.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for Float/Double
     *        conversion type 'g' and 'G' overflow
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_FloatConversionG_Overflow() {
        Formatter f = new Formatter();
        f.format("%g", 999999.5);
        assertEquals("1.00000e+06", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter();
        f.format("%g", 99999.5);
        assertEquals("99999.5", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter();
        f.format("%.4g", 99.95);
        assertEquals("99.95", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter();
        f.format("%g", 99.95);
        assertEquals("99.9500", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter();
        f.format("%g", 0.9);
        assertEquals("0.900000", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter();
        f.format("%.0g", 0.000095);
        assertEquals("0.0001", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter();
        f.format("%g", 0.0999999);
        assertEquals("0.0999999", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter();
        f.format("%g", 0.00009);
        assertEquals("9.00000e-05", f.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for Float/Double
     *        conversion type 'f'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @KnownFailure("Formatting of Float.MAX_VALUE works improperly")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_FloatConversionF() {
        Formatter f = null;

        final Object[][] tripleF = {
                {0f, "%f",          "0,000000"},
                {0f, "%#.3f",       "0,000"},
                {0f, "%,5f",        "0,000000"},
                {0f, "%- (12.0f",   " 0          "},
                {0f, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+0,000000"},
                {0f, "%-+(8.4f",    "+0,0000 "},
                {0f, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 0,00000000"},
                
                {1234f, "%f",          "1234,000000"},
                {1234f, "%#.3f",       "1234,000"},
                {1234f, "%,5f",        "1.234,000000"},
                {1234f, "%- (12.0f",   " 1234       "},
                {1234f, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+1234,000000"},
                {1234f, "%-+(8.4f",    "+1234,0000"},
                {1234f, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 1234,00000000"},
                
                {1.f, "%f",          "1,000000"},
                {1.f, "%#.3f",       "1,000"},
                {1.f, "%,5f",        "1,000000"},
                {1.f, "%- (12.0f",   " 1          "},
                {1.f, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+1,000000"},
                {1.f, "%-+(8.4f",    "+1,0000 "},
                {1.f, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 1,00000000"},
                
                {-98f, "%f",          "-98,000000"},
                {-98f, "%#.3f",       "-98,000"},
                {-98f, "%,5f",        "-98,000000"},
                {-98f, "%- (12.0f",   "(98)        "},
                {-98f, "%#+0(1.6f",   "(98,000000)"},
                {-98f, "%-+(8.4f",    "(98,0000)"},
                {-98f, "% 0#(9.8f",   "(98,00000000)"},
                
                {0.000001f, "%f",          "0,000001"},
                {0.000001f, "%#.3f",       "0,000"},
                {0.000001f, "%,5f",        "0,000001"},
                {0.000001f, "%- (12.0f",   " 0          "},
                {0.000001f, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+0,000001"},
                {0.000001f, "%-+(8.4f",    "+0,0000 "},
                {0.000001f, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 0,00000100"},
                
                {345.1234567f, "%f",          "345,123444"},
                {345.1234567f, "%#.3f",       "345,123"},
                {345.1234567f, "%,5f",        "345,123444"},
                {345.1234567f, "%- (12.0f",   " 345        "},
                {345.1234567f, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+345,123444"},
                {345.1234567f, "%-+(8.4f",    "+345,1234"},
                {345.1234567f, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 345,12344360"},
                
                {-.00000012345f, "%f",          "-0,000000"},
                {-.00000012345f, "%#.3f",       "-0,000"},
                {-.00000012345f, "%,5f",        "-0,000000"},
                {-.00000012345f, "%- (12.0f",   "(0)         "},
                {-.00000012345f, "%#+0(1.6f",   "(0,000000)"},
                {-.00000012345f, "%-+(8.4f",    "(0,0000)"},
                {-.00000012345f, "% 0#(9.8f",   "(0,00000012)"},
                
                {-987654321.1234567f, "%f",          "-987654336,000000"},
                {-987654321.1234567f, "%#.3f",       "-987654336,000"},
                {-987654321.1234567f, "%,5f",        "-987.654.336,000000"},
                {-987654321.1234567f, "%- (12.0f",   "(987654336) "},
                {-987654321.1234567f, "%#+0(1.6f",   "(987654336,000000)"},
                {-987654321.1234567f, "%-+(8.4f",    "(987654336,0000)"},
                {-987654321.1234567f, "% 0#(9.8f",   "(987654336,00000000)"},
                
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%f",          "340282346638528860000000000000000000000,000000"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%#.3f",       "340282346638528860000000000000000000000,000"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%,5f",        "340.282.346.638.528.860.000.000.000.000.000.000.000,000000"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%- (12.0f",   " 340282346638528860000000000000000000000"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+340282346638528860000000000000000000000,000000"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%-+(8.4f",    "+340282346638528860000000000000000000000,0000"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 340282346638528860000000000000000000000,00000000"},
                
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%f",          "0,000000"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%#.3f",       "0,000"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%,5f",        "0,000000"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%- (12.0f",   " 0          "},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+0,000000"},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "%-+(8.4f",    "+0,0000 "},
                {Float.MIN_VALUE, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 0,00000000"},
                
                {Float.NaN, "%f",          "NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%#.3f",       "NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%,5f",        "  NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%- (12.0f",   "NaN         "},
                {Float.NaN, "%#+0(1.6f",   "NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%-+(8.4f",    "NaN     "},
                {Float.NaN, "% 0#(9.8f",   "      NaN"},
                
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%f",          "-Infinity"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#.3f",       "-Infinity"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%,5f",        "-Infinity"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%- (12.0f",   "(Infinity)  "},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#+0(1.6f",   "(Infinity)"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%-+(8.4f",    "(Infinity)"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "% 0#(9.8f",   "(Infinity)"},
                
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%f",          "Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%#.3f",       "Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%,5f",        "Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%- (12.0f",   " Infinity   "},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%-+(8.4f",    "+Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "% 0#(9.8f",   " Infinity"},
                
                
                {0d, "%f",          "0,000000"},
                {0d, "%#.3f",       "0,000"},
                {0d, "%,5f",        "0,000000"},
                {0d, "%- (12.0f",   " 0          "},
                {0d, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+0,000000"},
                {0d, "%-+(8.4f",    "+0,0000 "},
                {0d, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 0,00000000"},
                
                {1d, "%f",          "1,000000"},
                {1d, "%#.3f",       "1,000"},
                {1d, "%,5f",        "1,000000"},
                {1d, "%- (12.0f",   " 1          "},
                {1d, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+1,000000"},
                {1d, "%-+(8.4f",    "+1,0000 "},
                {1d, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 1,00000000"},
                
                {-1d, "%f",          "-1,000000"},
                {-1d, "%#.3f",       "-1,000"},
                {-1d, "%,5f",        "-1,000000"},
                {-1d, "%- (12.0f",   "(1)         "},
                {-1d, "%#+0(1.6f",   "(1,000000)"},
                {-1d, "%-+(8.4f",    "(1,0000)"},
                {-1d, "% 0#(9.8f",   "(1,00000000)"},
                
                {.00000001d, "%f",          "0,000000"},
                {.00000001d, "%#.3f",       "0,000"},
                {.00000001d, "%,5f",        "0,000000"},
                {.00000001d, "%- (12.0f",   " 0          "},
                {.00000001d, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+0,000000"},
                {.00000001d, "%-+(8.4f",    "+0,0000 "},
                {.00000001d, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 0,00000001"},
                
                {1000.10d, "%f",          "1000,100000"},
                {1000.10d, "%#.3f",       "1000,100"},
                {1000.10d, "%,5f",        "1.000,100000"},
                {1000.10d, "%- (12.0f",   " 1000       "},
                {1000.10d, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+1000,100000"},
                {1000.10d, "%-+(8.4f",    "+1000,1000"},
                {1000.10d, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 1000,10000000"},
                
                {0.1d, "%f",          "0,100000"},
                {0.1d, "%#.3f",       "0,100"},
                {0.1d, "%,5f",        "0,100000"},
                {0.1d, "%- (12.0f",   " 0          "},
                {0.1d, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+0,100000"},
                {0.1d, "%-+(8.4f",    "+0,1000 "},
                {0.1d, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 0,10000000"},
                
                {-2.d, "%f",          "-2,000000"},
                {-2.d, "%#.3f",       "-2,000"},
                {-2.d, "%,5f",        "-2,000000"},
                {-2.d, "%- (12.0f",   "(2)         "},
                {-2.d, "%#+0(1.6f",   "(2,000000)"},
                {-2.d, "%-+(8.4f",    "(2,0000)"},
                {-2.d, "% 0#(9.8f",   "(2,00000000)"},
                
                {-.00009d, "%f",          "-0,000090"},
                {-.00009d, "%#.3f",       "-0,000"},
                {-.00009d, "%,5f",        "-0,000090"},
                {-.00009d, "%- (12.0f",   "(0)         "},
                {-.00009d, "%#+0(1.6f",   "(0,000090)"},
                {-.00009d, "%-+(8.4f",    "(0,0001)"},
                {-.00009d, "% 0#(9.8f",   "(0,00009000)"},
                
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%f",          "-1234567890,012346"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%#.3f",       "-1234567890,012"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%,5f",        "-1.234.567.890,012346"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%- (12.0f",   "(1234567890)"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%#+0(1.6f",   "(1234567890,012346)"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%-+(8.4f",    "(1234567890,0123)"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "% 0#(9.8f",   "(1234567890,01234580)"},
                
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%f",          "179769313486231570000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,000000"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%#.3f",       "179769313486231570000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,000"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%,5f",        "179.769.313.486.231.570.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000,000000"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%- (12.0f",   " 179769313486231570000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+179769313486231570000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,000000"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%-+(8.4f",    "+179769313486231570000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,0000"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 179769313486231570000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,00000000"},
                
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%f",          "0,000000"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%#.3f",       "0,000"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%,5f",        "0,000000"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%- (12.0f",   " 0          "},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+0,000000"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%-+(8.4f",    "+0,0000 "},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "% 0#(9.8f",   " 0,00000000"},
                
                {Double.NaN, "%f",          "NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%#.3f",       "NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%,5f",        "  NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%- (12.0f",   "NaN         "},
                {Double.NaN, "%#+0(1.6f",   "NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%-+(8.4f",    "NaN     "},
                {Double.NaN, "% 0#(9.8f",   "      NaN"},
                
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%f",          "Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%#.3f",       "Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%,5f",        "Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%- (12.0f",   " Infinity   "},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%#+0(1.6f",   "+Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%-+(8.4f",    "+Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "% 0#(9.8f",   " Infinity"},
                
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%f",          "-Infinity"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#.3f",       "-Infinity"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%,5f",        "-Infinity"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%- (12.0f",   "(Infinity)  "},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#+0(1.6f",   "(Infinity)"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%-+(8.4f",    "(Infinity)"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "% 0#(9.8f",   "(Infinity)"},
        };
        final int input   = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output  = 2;
            for (int i = 0; i < tripleF.length; i++) {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
                f.format((String)tripleF[i][pattern], tripleF[i][input]);
                assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleF[i][input] + ",pattern["
                        + i + "]:" + tripleF[i][pattern],
                        tripleF[i][output], f.toString());
            }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for Float/Double
     *        conversion type 'a' and 'A'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_FloatConversionA() {
        Formatter f = null;
        final Object[][] tripleA = {
                {-0f, "%a",         "-0x0.0p0"},
                {-0f, "%#.3a",      "-0x0.000p0"},
                {-0f, "%5a",        "-0x0.0p0"},
                {-0f, "%- 12.0a",   "-0x0.0p0    "},
                {-0f, "%#+01.6a",   "-0x0.000000p0"},
                {-0f, "%-+8.4a",    "-0x0.0000p0"},
                
                {0f, "%a",         "0x0.0p0"},
                {0f, "%#.3a",      "0x0.000p0"},
                {0f, "%5a",        "0x0.0p0"},
                {0f, "%- 12.0a",   " 0x0.0p0    "},
                {0f, "%#+01.6a",   "+0x0.000000p0"},
                {0f, "%-+8.4a",    "+0x0.0000p0"},
                
                {1234f, "%a",         "0x1.348p10"},
                {1234f, "%#.3a",      "0x1.348p10"},
                {1234f, "%5a",        "0x1.348p10"},
                {1234f, "%- 12.0a",   " 0x1.3p10   "},
                {1234f, "%#+01.6a",   "+0x1.348000p10"},
                {1234f, "%-+8.4a",    "+0x1.3480p10"},
                
                {1.f, "%a",         "0x1.0p0"},
                {1.f, "%#.3a",      "0x1.000p0"},
                {1.f, "%5a",        "0x1.0p0"},
                {1.f, "%- 12.0a",   " 0x1.0p0    "},
                {1.f, "%#+01.6a",   "+0x1.000000p0"},
                {1.f, "%-+8.4a",    "+0x1.0000p0"},
                
                {-98f, "%a",         "-0x1.88p6"},
                {-98f, "%#.3a",      "-0x1.880p6"},
                {-98f, "%5a",        "-0x1.88p6"},
                {-98f, "%- 12.0a",   "-0x1.8p6    "},
                {-98f, "%#+01.6a",   "-0x1.880000p6"},
                {-98f, "%-+8.4a",    "-0x1.8800p6"},
                
                {345.1234567f, "%a",         "0x1.591f9ap8"},
                {345.1234567f, "%5a",        "0x1.591f9ap8"},
                {345.1234567f, "%#+01.6a",   "+0x1.591f9ap8"},
                
                {-987654321.1234567f, "%a",         "-0x1.d6f346p29"},
                {-987654321.1234567f, "%#.3a",      "-0x1.d6fp29"},
                {-987654321.1234567f, "%5a",        "-0x1.d6f346p29"},
                {-987654321.1234567f, "%- 12.0a",   "-0x1.dp29   "},
                {-987654321.1234567f, "%#+01.6a",   "-0x1.d6f346p29"},
                {-987654321.1234567f, "%-+8.4a",    "-0x1.d6f3p29"},
                
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%a",         "0x1.fffffep127"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%5a",        "0x1.fffffep127"},
                {Float.MAX_VALUE, "%#+01.6a",   "+0x1.fffffep127"},
                
                {Float.NaN, "%a",         "NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%#.3a",      "NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%5a",        "  NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%- 12.0a",   "NaN         "},
                {Float.NaN, "%#+01.6a",   "NaN"},
                {Float.NaN, "%-+8.4a",    "NaN     "},
                
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%a",         "-Infinity"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#.3a",      "-Infinity"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%5a",        "-Infinity"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%- 12.0a",   "-Infinity   "},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#+01.6a",   "-Infinity"},
                {Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%-+8.4a",    "-Infinity"},
                
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%a",         "Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%#.3a",      "Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%5a",        "Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%- 12.0a",   " Infinity   "},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%#+01.6a",   "+Infinity"},
                {Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%-+8.4a",    "+Infinity"},
                
                {-0d, "%a",         "-0x0.0p0"},
                {-0d, "%#.3a",      "-0x0.000p0"},
                {-0d, "%5a",        "-0x0.0p0"},
                {-0d, "%- 12.0a",   "-0x0.0p0    "},
                {-0d, "%#+01.6a",   "-0x0.000000p0"},
                {-0d, "%-+8.4a",    "-0x0.0000p0"},

                {0d, "%a",         "0x0.0p0"},
                {0d, "%#.3a",      "0x0.000p0"},
                {0d, "%5a",        "0x0.0p0"},
                {0d, "%- 12.0a",   " 0x0.0p0    "},
                {0d, "%#+01.6a",   "+0x0.000000p0"},
                {0d, "%-+8.4a",    "+0x0.0000p0"},
                
                {1d, "%a",         "0x1.0p0"},
                {1d, "%#.3a",      "0x1.000p0"},
                {1d, "%5a",        "0x1.0p0"},
                {1d, "%- 12.0a",   " 0x1.0p0    "},
                {1d, "%#+01.6a",   "+0x1.000000p0"},
                {1d, "%-+8.4a",    "+0x1.0000p0"},
                
                {-1d, "%a",         "-0x1.0p0"},
                {-1d, "%#.3a",      "-0x1.000p0"},
                {-1d, "%5a",        "-0x1.0p0"},
                {-1d, "%- 12.0a",   "-0x1.0p0    "},
                {-1d, "%#+01.6a",   "-0x1.000000p0"},
                {-1d, "%-+8.4a",    "-0x1.0000p0"},
                
                {.00000001d, "%a",         "0x1.5798ee2308c3ap-27"},
                {.00000001d, "%5a",        "0x1.5798ee2308c3ap-27"},
                {.00000001d, "%- 12.0a",   " 0x1.5p-27  "},
                {.00000001d, "%#+01.6a",   "+0x1.5798eep-27"},
                
                {1000.10d, "%a",         "0x1.f40cccccccccdp9"},
                {1000.10d, "%5a",        "0x1.f40cccccccccdp9"},
                {1000.10d, "%- 12.0a",   " 0x1.fp9    "},
                
                {0.1d, "%a",         "0x1.999999999999ap-4"},
                {0.1d, "%5a",        "0x1.999999999999ap-4"},
                
                {-2.d, "%a",         "-0x1.0p1"},
                {-2.d, "%#.3a",      "-0x1.000p1"},
                {-2.d, "%5a",        "-0x1.0p1"},
                {-2.d, "%- 12.0a",   "-0x1.0p1    "},
                {-2.d, "%#+01.6a",   "-0x1.000000p1"},
                {-2.d, "%-+8.4a",    "-0x1.0000p1"},
                
                {-.00009d, "%a",         "-0x1.797cc39ffd60fp-14"},
                {-.00009d, "%5a",        "-0x1.797cc39ffd60fp-14"},
                
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%a",         "-0x1.26580b480ca46p30"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%5a",        "-0x1.26580b480ca46p30"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%- 12.0a",   "-0x1.2p30   "},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%#+01.6a",   "-0x1.26580bp30"},
                {-1234567890.012345678d, "%-+8.4a",    "-0x1.2658p30"},
                
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%a",         "0x1.fffffffffffffp1023"},
                {Double.MAX_VALUE, "%5a",        "0x1.fffffffffffffp1023"},
                
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%a",         "0x0.0000000000001p-1022"},
                {Double.MIN_VALUE, "%5a",        "0x0.0000000000001p-1022"},
                
                {Double.NaN, "%a",         "NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%#.3a",      "NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%5a",        "  NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%- 12.0a",   "NaN         "},
                {Double.NaN, "%#+01.6a",   "NaN"},
                {Double.NaN, "%-+8.4a",    "NaN     "},
                
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%a",         "-Infinity"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#.3a",      "-Infinity"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%5a",        "-Infinity"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%- 12.0a",   "-Infinity   "},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%#+01.6a",   "-Infinity"},
                {Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "%-+8.4a",    "-Infinity"},
                
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%a",         "Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%#.3a",      "Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%5a",        "Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%- 12.0a",   " Infinity   "},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%#+01.6a",   "+Infinity"},
                {Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "%-+8.4a",    "+Infinity"},
                
        };
        final int input   = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output  = 2;
            for (int i = 0; i < tripleA.length; i++) {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
                f.format((String)tripleA[i][pattern], tripleA[i][input]);
                assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleA[i][input] + ",pattern["
                        + i + "]:" + tripleA[i][pattern],
                        tripleA[i][output], f.toString());

                // test for conversion type 'A'
                f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
                f.format(((String)tripleA[i][pattern]).toUpperCase(), tripleA[i][input]);
                assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleA[i][input] + ",pattern["
                        + i + "]:" + tripleA[i][pattern], ((String)tripleA[i][output])
                        .toUpperCase(Locale.UK), f.toString());
            }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for BigDecimal
     *        conversion type 'e' and 'E'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify IllegalFormatException, FormatterClosedException.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @KnownFailure("Formatting of BigDecimal lost precission sometimes")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_BigDecimalConversionE() {
        Formatter f = null;
        final Object[][] tripleE = {
                {BigDecimal.ZERO, "%e",         "0.000000e+00"},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO, "%#.0e",      "0.e+00"},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO, "%# 9.8e",    " 0.00000000e+00"},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO, "%#+0(8.4e",  "+0.0000e+00"},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO, "%-+17.6e",   "+0.000000e+00    "},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO, "% 0(20e",    " 00000000.000000e+00"},
                
                {BigDecimal.ONE, "%e",         "1.000000e+00"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE, "%#.0e",      "1.e+00"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE, "%# 9.8e",    " 1.00000000e+00"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE, "%#+0(8.4e",  "+1.0000e+00"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE, "%-+17.6e",   "+1.000000e+00    "},
                {BigDecimal.ONE, "% 0(20e",    " 00000001.000000e+00"},
                
                {BigDecimal.TEN, "%e",         "1.000000e+01"},
                {BigDecimal.TEN, "%#.0e",      "1.e+01"},
                {BigDecimal.TEN, "%# 9.8e",    " 1.00000000e+01"},
                {BigDecimal.TEN, "%#+0(8.4e",  "+1.0000e+01"},
                {BigDecimal.TEN, "%-+17.6e",   "+1.000000e+01    "},
                {BigDecimal.TEN, "% 0(20e",    " 00000001.000000e+01"},
                
                {new BigDecimal(-1), "%e",         "-1.000000e+00"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1), "%#.0e",      "-1.e+00"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1), "%# 9.8e",    "-1.00000000e+00"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1), "%#+0(8.4e",  "(1.0000e+00)"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1), "%-+17.6e",   "-1.000000e+00    "},
                {new BigDecimal(-1), "% 0(20e",    "(0000001.000000e+00)"},
                
                {new BigDecimal("5.000E999"), "%e",         "5.000000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("5.000E999"), "%#.0e",      "5.e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("5.000E999"), "%# 9.8e",    " 5.00000000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("5.000E999"), "%#+0(8.4e",  "+5.0000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("5.000E999"), "%-+17.6e",   "+5.000000e+999   "},
                {new BigDecimal("5.000E999"), "% 0(20e",    " 0000005.000000e+999"},
                
                {new BigDecimal("-5.000E999"), "%e",         "-5.000000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("-5.000E999"), "%#.0e",      "-5.e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("-5.000E999"), "%# 9.8e",    "-5.00000000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("-5.000E999"), "%#+0(8.4e",  "(5.0000e+999)"},
                {new BigDecimal("-5.000E999"), "%-+17.6e",   "-5.000000e+999   "},
                {new BigDecimal("-5.000E999"), "% 0(20e",    "(000005.000000e+999)"},
        };
        final int input   = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output  = 2;
            for (int i = 0; i < tripleE.length; i++) {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
                f.format((String)tripleE[i][pattern], tripleE[i][input]);
                assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleE[i][input] + ",pattern["
                        + i + "]:" + tripleE[i][pattern],
                        tripleE[i][output], f.toString());

                // test for conversion type 'E'
                f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
                f.format(((String)tripleE[i][pattern]).toUpperCase(), tripleE[i][input]);
                assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleE[i][input] + ",pattern["
                        + i + "]:" + tripleE[i][pattern], ((String)tripleE[i][output])
                        .toUpperCase(Locale.US), f.toString());
            }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for BigDecimal
     *        conversion type 'g' and 'G'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify IllegalFormatException, FormatterClosedException.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @KnownFailure("Formatting of BigDecimal lost precission sometimes")
    @AndroidOnly("last case fails on RI. See comment below")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_BigDecimalConversionG() {
        Formatter f = null;
        final Object[][] tripleG = {
                {BigDecimal.ZERO, "%g",         "0.00000"},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO, "%.5g",       "0.0000"},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO, "%- (,9.8g",  " 0.0000000"},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO, "%+0(,8.4g",  "+000.000"},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO, "%-+10.6g",   "+0.00000  "},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO, "% 0(,12.0g", " 00000000000"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE, "%g",          "1.00000"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE, "%.5g",        "1.0000"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE, "%- (,9.8g",   " 1.0000000"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE, "%+0(,8.4g",   "+001.000"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE, "%-+10.6g",    "+1.00000  "},
                {BigDecimal.ONE, "% 0(,12.0g",  " 00000000001"},
                
                {new BigDecimal(-1), "%g",          "-1.00000"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1), "%.5g",        "-1.0000"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1), "%- (,9.8g",   "(1.0000000)"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1), "%+0(,8.4g",   "(01.000)"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1), "%-+10.6g",    "-1.00000  "},
                {new BigDecimal(-1), "% 0(,12.0g",  "(0000000001)"},
                
                {new BigDecimal(-0.000001), "%g",           "-1.00000e-06"},
                {new BigDecimal(-0.000001), "%.5g",         "-1.0000e-06"},
                {new BigDecimal(-0.000001), "%- (,9.8g",    "(1.0000000e-06)"},
                {new BigDecimal(-0.000001), "%+0(,8.4g",    "(1.000e-06)"},
                {new BigDecimal(-0.000001), "%-+10.6g",     "-1.00000e-06"},
                {new BigDecimal(-0.000001), "% 0(,12.0g",   "(000001e-06)"},
                
                {new BigDecimal(0.0002), "%g",          "0.000200000"},
                {new BigDecimal(0.0002), "%.5g",        "0.00020000"},
                {new BigDecimal(0.0002), "%- (,9.8g",   " 0.00020000000"},
                {new BigDecimal(0.0002), "%+0(,8.4g",   "+0.0002000"},
                {new BigDecimal(0.0002), "%-+10.6g",    "+0.000200000"},
                {new BigDecimal(0.0002), "% 0(,12.0g",  " 000000.0002"},
                
                {new BigDecimal(-0.003), "%g",          "-0.00300000"},
                {new BigDecimal(-0.003), "%.5g",        "-0.0030000"},
                {new BigDecimal(-0.003), "%- (,9.8g",   "(0.0030000000)"},
                {new BigDecimal(-0.003), "%+0(,8.4g",   "(0.003000)"},
                {new BigDecimal(-0.003), "%-+10.6g",    "-0.00300000"},
                {new BigDecimal(-0.003), "% 0(,12.0g",  "(000000.003)"},
                
                {new BigDecimal("5.000E999"), "%g",             "5.00000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("5.000E999"), "%.5g",           "5.0000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("5.000E999"), "%- (,9.8g",      " 5.0000000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("5.000E999"), "%+0(,8.4g",      "+5.000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("5.000E999"), "%-+10.6g",       "+5.00000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("5.000E999"), "% 0(,12.0g",     " 000005e+999"},
                
                {new BigDecimal("-5.000E999"), "%g",            "-5.00000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("-5.000E999"), "%.5g",          "-5.0000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("-5.000E999"), "%- (,9.8g",     "(5.0000000e+999)"},
                {new BigDecimal("-5.000E999"), "%+0(,8.4g",     "(5.000e+999)"},
                {new BigDecimal("-5.000E999"), "%-+10.6g",      "-5.00000e+999"},
                {new BigDecimal("-5.000E999"), "% 0(,12.0g",    "(00005e+999)"},
        };
        final int input   = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output  = 2;
            for (int i = 0; i < tripleG.length; i++) {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
                f.format((String)tripleG[i][pattern], tripleG[i][input]);
                assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleG[i][input] + ",pattern["
                        + i + "]:" + tripleG[i][pattern],
                        tripleG[i][output], f.toString());

                // test for conversion type 'G'
                f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
                f.format(((String)tripleG[i][pattern]).toUpperCase(), tripleG[i][input]);
                assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleG[i][input] + ",pattern["
                        + i + "]:" + tripleG[i][pattern], ((String)tripleG[i][output])
                        .toUpperCase(Locale.US), f.toString());
            }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%- (,9.6g", new BigDecimal("4E6"));
        /*
         * fail on RI, spec says 'g' requires the output to be formatted in
         * general scientific notation and the localization algorithm is
         * applied. But RI format this case to 4.00000e+06, which does not
         * conform to the German Locale
         */
        assertEquals(" 4,00000e+06", f.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for BigDecimal
     *        conversion type 'f'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Doesn't verify IllegalFormatException, FormatterClosedException.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @AndroidOnly("last case fails on RI. See comment below")
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_BigDecimalConversionF() {

        Formatter f = null;
        final int input   = 0;
        final int pattern = 1;
        final int output  = 2;
        final Object[][] tripleF = {
                {BigDecimal.ZERO,                                               "%f",           "0.000000"},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO,                                               "%#.3f",        "0.000"},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO,                                               "%#,5f",        "0.000000"},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO,                                               "%- #(12.0f",   " 0.         "},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO,                                               "%#+0(1.6f",    "+0.000000"},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO,                                               "%-+(8.4f",     "+0.0000 "},
                {BigDecimal.ZERO,                                               "% 0#(9.8f",    " 0.00000000"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE,                                                "%f",           "1.000000"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE,                                                "%#.3f",        "1.000"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE,                                                "%#,5f",        "1.000000"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE,                                                "%- #(12.0f",   " 1.         "},
                {BigDecimal.ONE,                                                "%#+0(1.6f",    "+1.000000"},
                {BigDecimal.ONE,                                                "%-+(8.4f",     "+1.0000 "},
                {BigDecimal.ONE,                                                "% 0#(9.8f",    " 1.00000000"},
                {BigDecimal.TEN,                                                "%f",           "10.000000"},
                {BigDecimal.TEN,                                                "%#.3f",        "10.000"},
                {BigDecimal.TEN,                                                "%#,5f",        "10.000000"},
                {BigDecimal.TEN,                                                "%- #(12.0f",   " 10.        "},
                {BigDecimal.TEN,                                                "%#+0(1.6f",    "+10.000000"},
                {BigDecimal.TEN,                                                "%-+(8.4f",     "+10.0000"},
                {BigDecimal.TEN,                                                "% 0#(9.8f",    " 10.00000000"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1),                                            "%f",           "-1.000000"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1),                                            "%#.3f",        "-1.000"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1),                                            "%#,5f",        "-1.000000"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1),                                            "%- #(12.0f",   "(1.)        "},
                {new BigDecimal(-1),                                            "%#+0(1.6f",    "(1.000000)"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1),                                            "%-+(8.4f",     "(1.0000)"},
                {new BigDecimal(-1),                                            "% 0#(9.8f",    "(1.00000000)"},
                {new BigDecimal("9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "%f",           "9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.000000"},
                {new BigDecimal("9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "%#.3f",        "9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.000"},
                {new BigDecimal("9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "%#,5f",        "9,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999.000000"},
                {new BigDecimal("9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "%- #(12.0f",   " 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999."},
                {new BigDecimal("9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "%#+0(1.6f",    "+9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.000000"},
                {new BigDecimal("9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "%-+(8.4f",     "+9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.0000"},
                {new BigDecimal("9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "% 0#(9.8f",    " 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.00000000"},
                {new BigDecimal("-9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "%f",          "-9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.000000"},
                {new BigDecimal("-9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "%#.3f",       "-9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.000"},
                {new BigDecimal("-9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "%#,5f",       "-9,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999.000000"},
                {new BigDecimal("-9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "%- #(12.0f",  "(9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.)"},
                {new BigDecimal("-9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "%#+0(1.6f",   "(9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.000000)"},
                {new BigDecimal("-9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "%-+(8.4f",    "(9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.0000)"},
                {new BigDecimal("-9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"), "% 0#(9.8f",   "(9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.00000000)"},
        }; 
        for (int i = 0; i < tripleF.length; i++) {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format((String)tripleF[i][pattern], tripleF[i][input]);
            assertEquals("triple[" + i + "]:" + tripleF[i][input] + ",pattern["
                    + i + "]:" + tripleF[i][pattern], tripleF[i][output], f.toString());
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        f.format("%f", new BigDecimal("5.0E9"));
        // error on RI
        // RI throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
        assertEquals("5000000000.000000", f.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for exceptions in
     *        Float/Double/BigDecimal conversion type 'e', 'E', 'g', 'G', 'f', 'a', 'A'
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_FloatDoubleBigDecimalConversionException() {
        Formatter f = null;

        final char[] conversions = { 'e', 'E', 'g', 'G', 'f', 'a', 'A' };
        final Object[] illArgs = { false, (byte) 1, (short) 2, 3, (long) 4,
                new BigInteger("5"), new Character('c'), new Object(),
                new Date() };
        for (int i = 0; i < illArgs.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < conversions.length; j++) {
                try {
                    f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
                    f.format("%" + conversions[j], illArgs[i]);
                    fail("should throw IllegalFormatConversionException");
                } catch (IllegalFormatConversionException e) {
                    // expected
                }
            }
        }

        try {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
            f.format("%a", new BigDecimal(1));
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatConversionException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
            f.format("%A", new BigDecimal(1));
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatConversionException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }

        final String[] flagsConversionMismatches = { "%,e", "%,E", "%#g",
                "%#G", "%,a", "%,A", "%(a", "%(A" };
        for (int i = 0; i < flagsConversionMismatches.length; i++) {
            try {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.CHINA);
                f.format(flagsConversionMismatches[i], new BigDecimal(1));
                fail("should throw FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException");
            } catch (FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException e) {
                // expected
            }
            try {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.JAPAN);
                f.format(flagsConversionMismatches[i], (BigDecimal) null);
                fail("should throw FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException");
            } catch (FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException e) {
                // expected
            }
        }

        final String[] missingFormatWidths = { "%-0e", "%0e", "%-e", "%-0E",
                "%0E", "%-E", "%-0g", "%0g", "%-g", "%-0G", "%0G", "%-G",
                "%-0f", "%0f", "%-f", "%-0a", "%0a", "%-a", "%-0A", "%0A",
                "%-A" };
        for (int i = 0; i < missingFormatWidths.length; i++) {
            try {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.KOREA);
                f.format(missingFormatWidths[i], 1f);
                fail("should throw MissingFormatWidthException");
            } catch (MissingFormatWidthException e) {
                // expected
            }

            try {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.KOREA);
                f.format(missingFormatWidths[i], (Float) null);
                fail("should throw MissingFormatWidthException");
            } catch (MissingFormatWidthException e) {
                // expected
            }
        }

        final String[] illFlags = { "%+ e", "%+ E", "%+ g", "%+ G", "%+ f",
                "%+ a", "%+ A", "%-03e", "%-03E", "%-03g", "%-03G", "%-03f",
                "%-03a", "%-03A" };
        for (int i = 0; i < illFlags.length; i++) {
            try {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.CANADA);
                f.format(illFlags[i], 1.23d);
                fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException");
            } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
                // expected
            }

            try {
                f = new Formatter(Locale.CANADA);
                f.format(illFlags[i], (Double) null);
                fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException");
            } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
                // expected
            }
        }

        f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        try {
            f.format("%F", 1);
            fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
        } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for
     *        Float/Double/BigDecimal exception throwing order
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_FloatDoubleBigDecimalExceptionOrder() {
        Formatter f = null;

        /*
         * Summary: UnknownFormatConversionException >
         * MissingFormatWidthException > IllegalFormatFlagsException >
         * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException >
         * IllegalFormatConversionException
         * 
         */
        try {
            // compare FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException and
            // IllegalFormatConversionException
            f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format("%,e", (byte) 1);
            fail("should throw FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException");
        } catch (FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            // compare IllegalFormatFlagsException and
            // FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException
            f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format("%+ ,e", 1f);
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            // compare MissingFormatWidthException and
            // IllegalFormatFlagsException
            f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format("%+ -e", 1f);
            fail("should throw MissingFormatWidthException");
        } catch (MissingFormatWidthException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            // compare UnknownFormatConversionException and
            // MissingFormatWidthException
            f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format("%-F", 1f);
            fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
        } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for BigDecimal
     *        exception throwing order
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies exceptions.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_BigDecimalExceptionOrder() {
        Formatter f = null;
        BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal("1.0");

        /*
         * Summary: UnknownFormatConversionException >
         * MissingFormatWidthException > IllegalFormatFlagsException >
         * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException >
         * IllegalFormatConversionException
         * 
         */
        try {
            // compare FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException and
            // IllegalFormatConversionException
            f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format("%,e", (byte) 1);
            fail("should throw FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException");
        } catch (FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            // compare IllegalFormatFlagsException and
            // FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException
            f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format("%+ ,e", bd);
            fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException");
        } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            // compare MissingFormatWidthException and
            // IllegalFormatFlagsException
            f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format("%+ -e", bd);
            fail("should throw MissingFormatWidthException");
        } catch (MissingFormatWidthException e) {
            // expected
        }

        // compare UnknownFormatConversionException and
        // MissingFormatWidthException
        try {
            f = new Formatter(Locale.US);
            f.format("%-F", bd);
            fail("should throw UnknownFormatConversionException");
        } catch (UnknownFormatConversionException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    /**
     * @tests java.util.Formatter#format(String, Object...) for null argment for
     *        Float/Double/BigDecimal conversion
     */
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.PARTIAL_COMPLETE,
        notes = "Verifies null as the second parameter.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    public void test_formatLjava_lang_String$Ljava_lang_Object_FloatDoubleBigDecimalNullConversion() {
        Formatter f = null;

        // test (Float)null
        f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        f.format("%#- (9.0e", (Float) null);
        assertEquals("         ", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%-+(1.6E", (Float) null);
        assertEquals("NULL", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
        f.format("%+0(,8.4g", (Float) null);
        assertEquals("    null", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        f.format("%- (9.8G", (Float) null);
        assertEquals("NULL     ", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        f.format("%- (12.1f", (Float) null);
        assertEquals("n           ", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        f.format("% .4a", (Float) null);
        assertEquals("null", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        f.format("%06A", (Float) null);
        assertEquals("  NULL", f.toString());

        // test (Double)null
        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%- (9e", (Double) null);
        assertEquals("null     ", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%#-+(1.6E", (Double) null);
        assertEquals("NULL", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%+0(6.4g", (Double) null);
        assertEquals("  null", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%- (,5.8G", (Double) null);
        assertEquals("NULL ", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("% (.4f", (Double) null);
        assertEquals("null", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("%#.6a", (Double) null);
        assertEquals("null", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        f.format("% 2.5A", (Double) null);
        assertEquals("NULL", f.toString());

        // test (BigDecimal)null
        f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
        f.format("%#- (6.2e", (BigDecimal) null);
        assertEquals("nu    ", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
        f.format("%-+(1.6E", (BigDecimal) null);
        assertEquals("NULL", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
        f.format("%+-(,5.3g", (BigDecimal) null);
        assertEquals("nul  ", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
        f.format("%0 3G", (BigDecimal) null);
        assertEquals("NULL", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
        f.format("%0 (9.0G", (BigDecimal) null);
        assertEquals("         ", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
        f.format("% (.5f", (BigDecimal) null);
        assertEquals("null", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
        f.format("%06a", (BigDecimal) null);
        assertEquals("  null", f.toString());

        f = new Formatter(Locale.UK);
        f.format("% .5A", (BigDecimal) null);
        assertEquals("NULL", f.toString());
    }
    
    @TestTargetNew(
        level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
        notes = "Check locale specific functionality, not all formatter functional.Formatter functionality well checked under above tests.",
        method = "format",
        args = {java.util.Locale.class, java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Object[].class}
    )
    @KnownFailure("Some locales were removed last minute in cupcake")
    public void test_formatLjava_util_LocaleLjava_lang_StringLjava_lang_Object() {
        Double val = new Double(3.14);
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        Formatter fLoc = null;
        Formatter fNoL = null;
        cal.set(2008, Calendar.SEPTEMBER, 23, 18, 30);

        fLoc = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        fNoL = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        fLoc.format(Locale.US, "%f", val);
        fNoL.format("%f", val);
        assertFalse(fLoc.toString().equals(fNoL.toString()));

        fLoc = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        fNoL = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        fLoc.format(Locale.US, "%f", val);
        fNoL.format("%f", val);
        assertFalse(fLoc.toString().equals(fNoL.toString()));

        fLoc = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        fNoL = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        fLoc.format(Locale.US, "%f", val);
        fNoL.format("%f", val);
        assertTrue(fLoc.toString().equals(fNoL.toString()));

        fLoc = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        fNoL = new Formatter(Locale.GERMAN);
        fLoc.format(Locale.US, "%tA %tB %td %tT", cal, cal,  cal, cal);
        fNoL.format("%tA %tB %td %tT", cal, cal,  cal, cal);
        assertFalse(fLoc.toString().equals(fNoL.toString()));

        fLoc = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        fNoL = new Formatter(Locale.FRANCE);
        fLoc.format(Locale.US, "%tA %tB %td %tT", cal, cal,  cal, cal);
        fNoL.format("%tA %tB %td %tT", cal, cal,  cal, cal);
        assertFalse(fLoc.toString().equals(fNoL.toString()));

        fLoc = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        fNoL = new Formatter(Locale.US);
        fLoc.format(Locale.US, "%tA %tB %td %tT", cal, cal,  cal, cal);
        fNoL.format("%tA %tB %td %tT", cal, cal,  cal, cal);
        assertTrue(fLoc.toString().equals(fNoL.toString()));

        final String[] illFlags = { "%+ e", "%+ E", "%+ g", "%+ G", "%+ f",
                "%+ a", "%+ A", "%-03e", "%-03E", "%-03g", "%-03G", "%-03f",
                "%-03a", "%-03A" };
        for (int i = 0; i < illFlags.length; i++) {
            try {
                fLoc = new Formatter(Locale.US);
                fLoc.format(Locale.FRANCE, illFlags[i], 1.23d);
                fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException");
            } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
                // expected
            }

            try {
                fLoc = new Formatter(Locale.CANADA);
                fLoc.format(Locale.GERMAN, illFlags[i], (Double) null);
                fail("should throw IllegalFormatFlagsException");
            } catch (IllegalFormatFlagsException e) {
                // expected
            }
        }

        fLoc.close();

        try {
            fLoc.format(Locale.GERMAN, "%f", val);
        } catch (FormatterClosedException e) {
            //expected
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Setup resource files for testing
     */
    protected void setUp() throws IOException {
        notExist = File.createTempFile("notexist", null);
        notExist.delete();

        fileWithContent = File.createTempFile("filewithcontent", null);
        BufferedOutputStream bw = new BufferedOutputStream(
                new FileOutputStream(fileWithContent));
        bw.write(1);// write something into the file
        bw.close();

        readOnly = File.createTempFile("readonly", null);
        readOnly.setReadOnly();

        secret = File.createTempFile("secret", null);
        
        defaultTimeZone = TimeZone.getDefault();
        TimeZone cst = TimeZone.getTimeZone("Asia/Shanghai");
        TimeZone.setDefault(cst);
    }

    /**
     * Delete the resource files if they exist
     */
    protected void tearDown() {
        if (notExist.exists()) {
            notExist.delete();
        }

        if (fileWithContent.exists()) {
            fileWithContent.delete();
        }
        if (readOnly.exists()) {
            readOnly.delete();
        }
        if (secret.exists()) {
            secret.delete();
        }
        
        TimeZone.setDefault(defaultTimeZone);
    }
}