CTS tests for ComponentCaller APIs for new intents in Activity

More specifically, this change tests these scenarios:
- Activity#setIntent(Intent, ComponentCaller) sets the intent and the
  caller correctly, so that Activity#getIntent and Activity#getCaller
  return the same results.

- Activity#getCurrentCaller throws an IllegalStateException outside
  #onNewIntent.

- Instrumentation#callActivityOnNewIntent(Activity, Intent,
  ComponentCaller) goes into #onNewIntent.

Bug: 293467489
Test: atest CtsAndroidAppTestCases:android.app.cts.ComponentCallerTest
Test: atest CtsAppTestCases:android.app.cts.InstrumentationTest
Change-Id: I53bad0a47ce0ba2f86cd7bf89658e606b68ec35d