Test that sqlite float to text conversions don't overflow

Ied86cf81f0064da9d3d963ecf943894bc1ae1a93 fixed a security issue on
Android R where float to text conversions within SQLite could overflow
memory.

This was already fixed in later versions of SQLite (since Android S),
however, we verify correct behavior on all platforms back to Android
O.

Test: atest SQLiteTest
Bug: 153352319
Change-Id: I233a6d1aee9ce72900a11aa662bc645b155e6a29