#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""A glorified C pre-processor parser."""

import ctypes
import logging
import os
import re
import site
import unittest
import utils

top = os.getenv('ANDROID_BUILD_TOP')
if top is None:
    utils.panic('ANDROID_BUILD_TOP not set.\n')

# Set up the env vars for libclang.
site.addsitedir(os.path.join(top, 'prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-stable/lib/python3/site-packages/'))

import clang.cindex
from clang.cindex import conf
from clang.cindex import Cursor
from clang.cindex import CursorKind
from clang.cindex import SourceLocation
from clang.cindex import SourceRange
from clang.cindex import TokenGroup
from clang.cindex import TokenKind
from clang.cindex import TranslationUnit

# Set up LD_LIBRARY_PATH to include libclang.so, libLLVM.so, and etc.
# Note that setting LD_LIBRARY_PATH with os.putenv() sometimes doesn't help.
clang.cindex.Config.set_library_file(os.path.join(top, 'prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-stable/lib/libclang.so'))

from defaults import *


debugBlockParser = False
debugCppExpr = False
debugOptimIf01 = False

###############################################################################
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#####           C P P   T O K E N S                                       #####
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# the list of supported C-preprocessor tokens
# plus a couple of C tokens as well
tokEOF = "\0"
tokLN = "\n"
tokSTRINGIFY = "#"
tokCONCAT = "##"
tokLOGICAND = "&&"
tokLOGICOR = "||"
tokSHL = "<<"
tokSHR = ">>"
tokEQUAL = "=="
tokNEQUAL = "!="
tokLT = "<"
tokLTE = "<="
tokGT = ">"
tokGTE = ">="
tokELLIPSIS = "..."
tokSPACE = " "
tokDEFINED = "defined"
tokLPAREN = "("
tokRPAREN = ")"
tokNOT = "!"
tokPLUS = "+"
tokMINUS = "-"
tokMULTIPLY = "*"
tokDIVIDE = "/"
tokMODULUS = "%"
tokBINAND = "&"
tokBINOR = "|"
tokBINXOR = "^"
tokCOMMA = ","
tokLBRACE = "{"
tokRBRACE = "}"
tokARROW = "->"
tokINCREMENT = "++"
tokDECREMENT = "--"
tokNUMBER = "<number>"
tokIDENT = "<ident>"
tokSTRING = "<string>"


class Token(clang.cindex.Token):
    """A class that represents one token after parsing.

    It inherits the class in libclang, with an extra id property to hold the
    new spelling of the token. The spelling property in the base class is
    defined as read-only. New names after macro instantiation are saved in
    their ids now. It also facilitates the renaming of directive optimizations
    like replacing 'ifndef X' with 'if !defined(X)'.

    It also overrides the cursor property of the base class. Because the one
    in libclang always queries based on a single token, which usually doesn't
    hold useful information. The cursor in this class can be set by calling
    CppTokenizer.getTokensWithCursors(). Otherwise it returns the one in the
    base class.
    """

    def __init__(self, tu=None, group=None, int_data=None, ptr_data=None,
                 cursor=None):
        clang.cindex.Token.__init__(self)
        self._id = None
        self._tu = tu
        self._group = group
        self._cursor = cursor
        # self.int_data and self.ptr_data are from the base class. But
        # self.int_data doesn't accept a None value.
        if int_data is not None:
            self.int_data = int_data
        self.ptr_data = ptr_data

    @property
    def id(self):
        """Name of the token."""
        if self._id is None:
            return self.spelling
        else:
            return self._id

    @id.setter
    def id(self, new_id):
        """Setting name of the token."""
        self._id = new_id

    @property
    def cursor(self):
        if self._cursor is None:
            self._cursor = clang.cindex.Token.cursor
        return self._cursor

    @cursor.setter
    def cursor(self, new_cursor):
        self._cursor = new_cursor

    def __repr__(self):
        if self.id == 'defined':
            return self.id
        elif self.kind == TokenKind.IDENTIFIER:
            return "(ident %s)" % self.id

        return self.id

    def __str__(self):
        return self.id


class BadExpectedToken(Exception):
    """An exception that will be raised for unexpected tokens."""
    pass


class UnparseableStruct(Exception):
    """An exception that will be raised for structs that cannot be parsed."""
    pass


# The __contains__ function in libclang SourceRange class contains a bug. It
# gives wrong result when dealing with single line range.
# Bug filed with upstream:
# http://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=22243, http://reviews.llvm.org/D7277
def SourceRange__contains__(self, other):
    """Determine if a given location is inside the range."""
    if not isinstance(other, SourceLocation):
        return False
    if other.file is None and self.start.file is None:
        pass
    elif (self.start.file.name != other.file.name or
          other.file.name != self.end.file.name):
        # same file name
        return False
    # same file, in between lines
    if self.start.line < other.line < self.end.line:
        return True
    # same file, same line
    elif self.start.line == other.line == self.end.line:
        if self.start.column <= other.column <= self.end.column:
            return True
    elif self.start.line == other.line:
        # same file first line
        if self.start.column <= other.column:
            return True
    elif other.line == self.end.line:
        # same file last line
        if other.column <= self.end.column:
            return True
    return False


SourceRange.__contains__ = SourceRange__contains__


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#####           C P P   T O K E N I Z E R                                  #####
#####                                                                      #####
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class CppTokenizer(object):
    """A tokenizer that converts some input text into a list of tokens.

    It calls libclang's tokenizer to get the parsed tokens. In addition, it
    updates the cursor property in each token after parsing, by calling
    getTokensWithCursors().
    """

    clang_flags = ['-E', '-x', 'c']
    options = TranslationUnit.PARSE_DETAILED_PROCESSING_RECORD

    def __init__(self):
        """Initialize a new CppTokenizer object."""
        self._indexer = clang.cindex.Index.create()
        self._tu = None
        self._index = 0
        self.tokens = None

    def _getTokensWithCursors(self):
        """Helper method to return all tokens with their cursors.

        The cursor property in a clang Token doesn't provide enough
        information. Because it is queried based on single token each time
        without any context, i.e. via calling conf.lib.clang_annotateTokens()
        with only one token given. So we often see 'INVALID_FILE' in one
        token's cursor. In this function it passes all the available tokens
        to get more informative cursors.
        """

        tokens_memory = ctypes.POINTER(clang.cindex.Token)()
        tokens_count = ctypes.c_uint()

        conf.lib.clang_tokenize(self._tu, self._tu.cursor.extent,
                                ctypes.byref(tokens_memory),
                                ctypes.byref(tokens_count))

        count = int(tokens_count.value)

        # If we get no tokens, no memory was allocated. Be sure not to return
        # anything and potentially call a destructor on nothing.
        if count < 1:
            return

        cursors = (Cursor * count)()
        cursors_memory = ctypes.cast(cursors, ctypes.POINTER(Cursor))

        conf.lib.clang_annotateTokens(self._tu, tokens_memory, count,
                                      cursors_memory)

        tokens_array = ctypes.cast(
            tokens_memory,
            ctypes.POINTER(clang.cindex.Token * count)).contents
        token_group = TokenGroup(self._tu, tokens_memory, tokens_count)

        tokens = []
        for i in range(0, count):
            token = Token(self._tu, token_group,
                          int_data=tokens_array[i].int_data,
                          ptr_data=tokens_array[i].ptr_data,
                          cursor=cursors[i])
            # We only want non-comment tokens.
            if token.kind != TokenKind.COMMENT:
                tokens.append(token)

        return tokens

    def parseString(self, lines):
        """Parse a list of text lines into a BlockList object."""
        file_ = 'no-filename-available.c'
        self._tu = self._indexer.parse(file_, self.clang_flags,
                                       unsaved_files=[(file_, lines)],
                                       options=self.options)
        self.tokens = self._getTokensWithCursors()

    def parseFile(self, file_):
        """Parse a file into a BlockList object."""
        self._tu = self._indexer.parse(file_, self.clang_flags,
                                       options=self.options)
        self.tokens = self._getTokensWithCursors()

    def nextToken(self):
        """Return next token from the list."""
        if self._index < len(self.tokens):
            t = self.tokens[self._index]
            self._index += 1
            return t
        else:
            return None


class CppStringTokenizer(CppTokenizer):
    """A CppTokenizer derived class that accepts a string of text as input."""

    def __init__(self, line):
        CppTokenizer.__init__(self)
        self.parseString(line)


class CppFileTokenizer(CppTokenizer):
    """A CppTokenizer derived class that accepts a file as input."""

    def __init__(self, file_):
        CppTokenizer.__init__(self)
        self.parseFile(file_)


# Unit testing
#
class CppTokenizerTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """CppTokenizer tests."""

    def get_tokens(self, token_string, line_col=False):
        tokens = CppStringTokenizer(token_string)
        token_list = []
        while True:
            token = tokens.nextToken()
            if not token:
                break
            if line_col:
                token_list.append((token.id, token.location.line,
                                   token.location.column))
            else:
                token_list.append(token.id)
        return token_list

    def test_hash(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_tokens("#an/example  && (01923_xy)"),
                         ["#", "an", "/", "example", tokLOGICAND, tokLPAREN,
                          "01923_xy", tokRPAREN])

    def test_parens(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_tokens("FOO(BAR) && defined(BAZ)"),
                         ["FOO", tokLPAREN, "BAR", tokRPAREN, tokLOGICAND,
                          "defined", tokLPAREN, "BAZ", tokRPAREN])

    def test_comment(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_tokens("/*\n#\n*/"), [])

    def test_line_cross(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_tokens("first\nsecond"), ["first", "second"])

    def test_line_cross_line_col(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_tokens("first second\n  third", True),
                         [("first", 1, 1), ("second", 1, 7), ("third", 2, 3)])

    def test_comment_line_col(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_tokens("boo /* what the\nhell */", True),
                         [("boo", 1, 1)])

    def test_escapes(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_tokens("an \\\n example", True),
                         [("an", 1, 1), ("example", 2, 2)])


################################################################################
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#####                                                                      #####
#####           C P P   E X P R E S S I O N S                              #####
#####                                                                      #####
################################################################################
################################################################################


class CppExpr(object):
    """A class that models the condition of #if directives into an expr tree.

    Each node in the tree is of the form (op, arg) or (op, arg1, arg2) where
    "op" is a string describing the operation
    """

    unaries = ["!", "~"]
    binaries = ["+", "-", "<", "<=", ">=", ">", "&&", "||", "*", "/", "%",
                "&", "|", "^", "<<", ">>", "==", "!=", "?", ":"]
    precedences = {
        "?": 1, ":": 1,
        "||": 2,
        "&&": 3,
        "|": 4,
        "^": 5,
        "&": 6,
        "==": 7, "!=": 7,
        "<": 8, "<=": 8, ">": 8, ">=": 8,
        "<<": 9, ">>": 9,
        "+": 10, "-": 10,
        "*": 11, "/": 11, "%": 11,
        "!": 12, "~": 12
    }

    def __init__(self, tokens):
        """Initialize a CppExpr. 'tokens' must be a CppToken list."""
        self.tokens = tokens
        self._num_tokens = len(tokens)
        self._index = 0

        if debugCppExpr:
            print("CppExpr: trying to parse %s" % repr(tokens))
        self.expr = self.parseExpression(0)
        if debugCppExpr:
            print("CppExpr: got " + repr(self.expr))
        if self._index != self._num_tokens:
            self.throw(BadExpectedToken, "crap at end of input (%d != %d): %s"
                       % (self._index, self._num_tokens, repr(tokens)))

    def throw(self, exception, msg):
        if self._index < self._num_tokens:
            tok = self.tokens[self._index]
            print("%d:%d: %s" % (tok.location.line, tok.location.column, msg))
        else:
            print("EOF: %s" % msg)
        raise exception(msg)

    def expectId(self, id):
        """Check that a given token id is at the current position."""
        token = self.tokens[self._index]
        if self._index >= self._num_tokens or token.id != id:
            self.throw(BadExpectedToken,
                       "### expecting '%s' in expression, got '%s'" % (
                           id, token.id))
        self._index += 1

    def is_decimal(self):
        token = self.tokens[self._index].id
        if token[-1] in "ULul":
            token = token[:-1]
        try:
            val = int(token, 10)
            self._index += 1
            return ('int', val)
        except ValueError:
            return None

    def is_octal(self):
        token = self.tokens[self._index].id
        if token[-1] in "ULul":
            token = token[:-1]
        if len(token) < 2 or token[0] != '0':
            return None
        try:
            val = int(token, 8)
            self._index += 1
            return ('oct', val)
        except ValueError:
            return None

    def is_hexadecimal(self):
        token = self.tokens[self._index].id
        if token[-1] in "ULul":
            token = token[:-1]
        if len(token) < 3 or (token[:2] != '0x' and token[:2] != '0X'):
            return None
        try:
            val = int(token, 16)
            self._index += 1
            return ('hex', val)
        except ValueError:
            return None

    def is_integer(self):
        if self.tokens[self._index].kind != TokenKind.LITERAL:
            return None

        c = self.is_hexadecimal()
        if c:
            return c

        c = self.is_octal()
        if c:
            return c

        c = self.is_decimal()
        if c:
            return c

        return None

    def is_number(self):
        t = self.tokens[self._index]
        if t.id == tokMINUS and self._index + 1 < self._num_tokens:
            self._index += 1
            c = self.is_integer()
            if c:
                op, val = c
                return (op, -val)
        if t.id == tokPLUS and self._index + 1 < self._num_tokens:
            self._index += 1
            c = self.is_integer()
            if c:
                return c

        return self.is_integer()

    def is_defined(self):
        t = self.tokens[self._index]
        if t.id != tokDEFINED:
            return None

        # We have the defined keyword, check the rest.
        self._index += 1
        used_parens = False
        if (self._index < self._num_tokens and
            self.tokens[self._index].id == tokLPAREN):
            used_parens = True
            self._index += 1

        if self._index >= self._num_tokens:
            self.throw(BadExpectedToken,
                       "### 'defined' must be followed by macro name or left "
                       "paren")

        t = self.tokens[self._index]
        if t.kind != TokenKind.IDENTIFIER:
            self.throw(BadExpectedToken,
                       "### 'defined' must be followed by macro name")

        self._index += 1
        if used_parens:
            self.expectId(tokRPAREN)

        return ("defined", t.id)

    def is_call_or_ident(self):
        if self._index >= self._num_tokens:
            return None

        t = self.tokens[self._index]
        if t.kind != TokenKind.IDENTIFIER:
            return None

        name = t.id

        self._index += 1
        if (self._index >= self._num_tokens or
            self.tokens[self._index].id != tokLPAREN):
            return ("ident", name)

        params = []
        depth = 1
        self._index += 1
        j = self._index
        while self._index < self._num_tokens:
            id = self.tokens[self._index].id
            if id == tokLPAREN:
                depth += 1
            elif depth == 1 and (id == tokCOMMA or id == tokRPAREN):
                k = self._index
                param = self.tokens[j:k]
                params.append(param)
                if id == tokRPAREN:
                    break
                j = self._index + 1
            elif id == tokRPAREN:
                depth -= 1
            self._index += 1

        if self._index >= self._num_tokens:
            return None

        self._index += 1
        return ("call", (name, params))

    # Implements the "precedence climbing" algorithm from
    # http://www.engr.mun.ca/~theo/Misc/exp_parsing.htm.
    # The "classic" algorithm would be fine if we were using a tool to
    # generate the parser, but we're not. Dijkstra's "shunting yard"
    # algorithm hasn't been necessary yet.

    def parseExpression(self, minPrecedence):
        if self._index >= self._num_tokens:
            return None

        node = self.parsePrimary()
        while (self.token() and self.isBinary(self.token()) and
               self.precedence(self.token()) >= minPrecedence):
            op = self.token()
            self.nextToken()
            rhs = self.parseExpression(self.precedence(op) + 1)
            node = (op.id, node, rhs)

        return node

    def parsePrimary(self):
        op = self.token()
        if self.isUnary(op):
            self.nextToken()
            return (op.id, self.parseExpression(self.precedence(op)))

        primary = None
        if op.id == tokLPAREN:
            self.nextToken()
            primary = self.parseExpression(0)
            self.expectId(tokRPAREN)
        elif op.id == "?":
            self.nextToken()
            primary = self.parseExpression(0)
            self.expectId(":")
        elif op.id == '+' or op.id == '-' or op.kind == TokenKind.LITERAL:
            primary = self.is_number()
        # Checking for 'defined' needs to come first now because 'defined' is
        # recognized as IDENTIFIER.
        elif op.id == tokDEFINED:
            primary = self.is_defined()
        elif op.kind == TokenKind.IDENTIFIER:
            primary = self.is_call_or_ident()
        else:
            self.throw(BadExpectedToken,
                       "didn't expect to see a %s in factor" % (
                           self.tokens[self._index].id))
        return primary

    def isBinary(self, token):
        return token.id in self.binaries

    def isUnary(self, token):
        return token.id in self.unaries

    def precedence(self, token):
        return self.precedences.get(token.id)

    def token(self):
        if self._index >= self._num_tokens:
            return None
        return self.tokens[self._index]

    def nextToken(self):
        self._index += 1
        if self._index >= self._num_tokens:
            return None
        return self.tokens[self._index]

    def dump_node(self, e):
        op = e[0]
        line = "(" + op
        if op == "int":
            line += " %d)" % e[1]
        elif op == "oct":
            line += " 0%o)" % e[1]
        elif op == "hex":
            line += " 0x%x)" % e[1]
        elif op == "ident":
            line += " %s)" % e[1]
        elif op == "defined":
            line += " %s)" % e[1]
        elif op == "call":
            arg = e[1]
            line += " %s [" % arg[0]
            prefix = ""
            for param in arg[1]:
                par = ""
                for tok in param:
                    par += str(tok)
                line += "%s%s" % (prefix, par)
                prefix = ","
            line += "])"
        elif op in CppExpr.unaries:
            line += " %s)" % self.dump_node(e[1])
        elif op in CppExpr.binaries:
            line += " %s %s)" % (self.dump_node(e[1]), self.dump_node(e[2]))
        else:
            line += " ?%s)" % repr(e[1])

        return line

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.dump_node(self.expr)

    def source_node(self, e):
        op = e[0]
        if op == "int":
            return "%d" % e[1]
        if op == "hex":
            return "0x%x" % e[1]
        if op == "oct":
            return "0%o" % e[1]
        if op == "ident":
            # XXX: should try to expand
            return e[1]
        if op == "defined":
            return "defined(%s)" % e[1]

        prec = CppExpr.precedences.get(op, 1000)
        arg = e[1]
        if op in CppExpr.unaries:
            arg_src = self.source_node(arg)
            arg_op = arg[0]
            arg_prec = CppExpr.precedences.get(arg_op, 1000)
            if arg_prec < prec:
                return "!(" + arg_src + ")"
            else:
                return "!" + arg_src
        if op in CppExpr.binaries:
            arg2 = e[2]
            arg1_op = arg[0]
            arg2_op = arg2[0]
            arg1_src = self.source_node(arg)
            arg2_src = self.source_node(arg2)
            if CppExpr.precedences.get(arg1_op, 1000) < prec:
                arg1_src = "(%s)" % arg1_src
            if CppExpr.precedences.get(arg2_op, 1000) < prec:
                arg2_src = "(%s)" % arg2_src

            return "%s %s %s" % (arg1_src, op, arg2_src)
        return "???"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.source_node(self.expr)

    @staticmethod
    def int_node(e):
        if e[0] in ["int", "oct", "hex"]:
            return e[1]
        else:
            return None

    def toInt(self):
        return self.int_node(self.expr)

    def optimize_node(self, e, macros=None):
        if macros is None:
            macros = {}
        op = e[0]

        if op == "defined":
            op, name = e
            if name in macros:
                if macros[name] == kCppUndefinedMacro:
                    return ("int", 0)
                else:
                    try:
                        value = int(macros[name])
                        return ("int", value)
                    except ValueError:
                        return ("defined", macros[name])

            if kernel_remove_config_macros and name.startswith("CONFIG_"):
                return ("int", 0)

            return e

        elif op == "ident":
            op, name = e
            if name in macros:
                try:
                    value = int(macros[name])
                    expanded = ("int", value)
                except ValueError:
                    expanded = ("ident", macros[name])
                return self.optimize_node(expanded, macros)
            return e

        elif op == "!":
            op, v = e
            v = self.optimize_node(v, macros)
            if v[0] == "int":
                if v[1] == 0:
                    return ("int", 1)
                else:
                    return ("int", 0)
            return ('!', v)

        elif op == "&&":
            op, l, r = e
            l = self.optimize_node(l, macros)
            r = self.optimize_node(r, macros)
            li = self.int_node(l)
            ri = self.int_node(r)
            if li is not None:
                if li == 0:
                    return ("int", 0)
                else:
                    return r
            elif ri is not None:
                if ri == 0:
                    return ("int", 0)
                else:
                    return l
            return (op, l, r)

        elif op == "||":
            op, l, r = e
            l = self.optimize_node(l, macros)
            r = self.optimize_node(r, macros)
            li = self.int_node(l)
            ri = self.int_node(r)
            if li is not None:
                if li == 0:
                    return r
                else:
                    return ("int", 1)
            elif ri is not None:
                if ri == 0:
                    return l
                else:
                    return ("int", 1)
            return (op, l, r)

        else:
            return e

    def optimize(self, macros=None):
        if macros is None:
            macros = {}
        self.expr = self.optimize_node(self.expr, macros)

class CppExprTest(unittest.TestCase):
    """CppExpr unit tests."""

    def get_expr(self, expr):
        return repr(CppExpr(CppStringTokenizer(expr).tokens))

    def test_cpp_expr(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("0"), "(int 0)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("1"), "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("-5"), "(int -5)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("+1"), "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("0U"), "(int 0)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("015"), "(oct 015)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("015l"), "(oct 015)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("0x3e"), "(hex 0x3e)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("(0)"), "(int 0)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("1 && 1"), "(&& (int 1) (int 1))")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("1 && 0"), "(&& (int 1) (int 0))")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("EXAMPLE"), "(ident EXAMPLE)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("EXAMPLE - 3"),
                         "(- (ident EXAMPLE) (int 3))")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("defined(EXAMPLE)"),
                         "(defined EXAMPLE)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("defined ( EXAMPLE ) "),
                         "(defined EXAMPLE)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("!defined(EXAMPLE)"),
                         "(! (defined EXAMPLE))")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("defined(ABC) || defined(BINGO)"),
                         "(|| (defined ABC) (defined BINGO))")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("FOO(BAR,5)"), "(call FOO [BAR,5])")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr("A == 1 || defined(B)"),
                         "(|| (== (ident A) (int 1)) (defined B))")

    def get_expr_optimize(self, expr, macros=None):
        if macros is None:
            macros = {}
        e = CppExpr(CppStringTokenizer(expr).tokens)
        e.optimize(macros)
        return repr(e)

    def test_cpp_expr_optimize(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("0"), "(int 0)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("1"), "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("1 && 1"), "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("1 && +1"), "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("0x1 && 01"), "(oct 01)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("1 && 0"), "(int 0)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("0 && 1"), "(int 0)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("0 && 0"), "(int 0)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("1 || 1"), "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("1 || 0"), "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("0 || 1"), "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("0 || 0"), "(int 0)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("A"), "(ident A)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("A", {"A": 1}), "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("A || B", {"A": 1}), "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("A || B", {"B": 1}), "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("A && B", {"A": 1}), "(ident B)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("A && B", {"B": 1}), "(ident A)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("A && B"), "(&& (ident A) (ident B))")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("EXAMPLE"), "(ident EXAMPLE)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("EXAMPLE - 3"), "(- (ident EXAMPLE) (int 3))")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(EXAMPLE)"), "(defined EXAMPLE)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(EXAMPLE)",
                                                {"EXAMPLE": "XOWOE"}),
                         "(defined XOWOE)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(EXAMPLE)",
                                                {"EXAMPLE": kCppUndefinedMacro}),
                         "(int 0)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("!defined(EXAMPLE)"), "(! (defined EXAMPLE))")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("!defined(EXAMPLE)",
                                                {"EXAMPLE": "XOWOE"}),
                         "(! (defined XOWOE))")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("!defined(EXAMPLE)",
                                                {"EXAMPLE": kCppUndefinedMacro}),
                         "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(A) || defined(B)"),
                        "(|| (defined A) (defined B))")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(A) || defined(B)",
                                                {"A": "1"}),
                         "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(A) || defined(B)",
                                                {"B": "1"}),
                         "(int 1)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(A) || defined(B)",
                                                {"B": kCppUndefinedMacro}),
                         "(defined A)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(A) || defined(B)",
                                                {"A": kCppUndefinedMacro,
                                                 "B": kCppUndefinedMacro}),
                         "(int 0)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(A) && defined(B)"),
                         "(&& (defined A) (defined B))")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(A) && defined(B)",
                                                {"A": "1"}),
                         "(defined B)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(A) && defined(B)",
                                                {"B": "1"}),
                         "(defined A)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(A) && defined(B)",
                                                {"B": kCppUndefinedMacro}),
                        "(int 0)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("defined(A) && defined(B)",
                                                {"A": kCppUndefinedMacro}),
                        "(int 0)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize("A == 1 || defined(B)"),
                         "(|| (== (ident A) (int 1)) (defined B))")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_optimize(
              "defined(__KERNEL__) || !defined(__GLIBC__) || (__GLIBC__ < 2)",
              {"__KERNEL__": kCppUndefinedMacro}),
              "(|| (! (defined __GLIBC__)) (< (ident __GLIBC__) (int 2)))")

    def get_expr_string(self, expr):
        return str(CppExpr(CppStringTokenizer(expr).tokens))

    def test_cpp_expr_string(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("0"), "0")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("1"), "1")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("1 && 1"), "1 && 1")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("1 && 0"), "1 && 0")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("0 && 1"), "0 && 1")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("0 && 0"), "0 && 0")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("1 || 1"), "1 || 1")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("1 || 0"), "1 || 0")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("0 || 1"), "0 || 1")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("0 || 0"), "0 || 0")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("EXAMPLE"), "EXAMPLE")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("EXAMPLE - 3"), "EXAMPLE - 3")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("defined(EXAMPLE)"), "defined(EXAMPLE)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("defined EXAMPLE"), "defined(EXAMPLE)")
        self.assertEqual(self.get_expr_string("A == 1 || defined(B)"), "A == 1 || defined(B)")


################################################################################
################################################################################
#####                                                                      #####
#####          C P P   B L O C K                                           #####
#####                                                                      #####
################################################################################
################################################################################


class Block(object):
    """A class used to model a block of input source text.

    There are two block types:
      - directive blocks: contain the tokens of a single pre-processor
        directive (e.g. #if)
      - text blocks, contain the tokens of non-directive blocks

    The cpp parser class below will transform an input source file into a list
    of Block objects (grouped in a BlockList object for convenience)
    """

    def __init__(self, tokens, directive=None, lineno=0, identifier=None):
        """Initialize a new block, if 'directive' is None, it is a text block.

        NOTE: This automatically converts '#ifdef MACRO' into
        '#if defined(MACRO)' and '#ifndef MACRO' into '#if !defined(MACRO)'.
        """

        if directive == "ifdef":
            tok = Token()
            tok.id = tokDEFINED
            tokens = [tok] + tokens
            directive = "if"

        elif directive == "ifndef":
            tok1 = Token()
            tok2 = Token()
            tok1.id = tokNOT
            tok2.id = tokDEFINED
            tokens = [tok1, tok2] + tokens
            directive = "if"

        self.tokens = tokens
        self.directive = directive
        self.define_id = identifier
        if lineno > 0:
            self.lineno = lineno
        else:
            self.lineno = self.tokens[0].location.line

        if self.isIf():
            self.expr = CppExpr(self.tokens)

    def isDirective(self):
        """Return True iff this is a directive block."""
        return self.directive is not None

    def isConditional(self):
        """Return True iff this is a conditional directive block."""
        return self.directive in ["if", "ifdef", "ifndef", "else", "elif",
                                  "endif"]

    def isDefine(self):
        """Return the macro name in a #define directive, or None otherwise."""
        if self.directive != "define":
            return None
        return self.define_id

    def isIf(self):
        """Return True iff this is an #if-like directive block."""
        return self.directive in ["if", "ifdef", "ifndef", "elif"]

    def isEndif(self):
        """Return True iff this is an #endif directive block."""
        return self.directive == "endif"

    def isInclude(self):
        """Check whether this is a #include directive.

        If true, returns the corresponding file name (with brackets or
        double-qoutes). None otherwise.
        """

        if self.directive != "include":
            return None
        return ''.join([str(x) for x in self.tokens])

    @staticmethod
    def format_blocks(tokens, indent=0):
        """Return the formatted lines of strings with proper indentation."""
        newline = True
        result = []
        buf = ''
        i = 0
        while i < len(tokens):
            t = tokens[i]
            if t.id == '{':
                buf += ' {'
                result.append(strip_space(buf))
                # Do not indent if this is extern "C" {
                if i < 2 or tokens[i-2].id != 'extern' or tokens[i-1].id != '"C"':
                    indent += 2
                buf = ''
                newline = True
            elif t.id == '}':
                if indent >= 2:
                    indent -= 2
                if not newline:
                    result.append(strip_space(buf))
                # Look ahead to determine if it's the end of line.
                if (i + 1 < len(tokens) and
                    (tokens[i+1].id == ';' or
                     tokens[i+1].id in ['else', '__attribute__',
                                        '__attribute', '__packed'] or
                     tokens[i+1].kind == TokenKind.IDENTIFIER)):
                    buf = ' ' * indent + '}'
                    newline = False
                else:
                    result.append(' ' * indent + '}')
                    buf = ''
                    newline = True
            elif t.id == ';':
                result.append(strip_space(buf) + ';')
                buf = ''
                newline = True
            # We prefer a new line for each constant in enum.
            elif (t.id == ',' and not t.cursor.is_null() and
                  t.cursor.kind == CursorKind.ENUM_DECL):
                result.append(strip_space(buf) + ',')
                buf = ''
                newline = True
            else:
                if newline:
                    buf += ' ' * indent + str(t)
                else:
                    buf += ' ' + str(t)
                newline = False
            i += 1

        if buf:
            result.append(strip_space(buf))

        return result, indent

    def write(self, out, indent):
        """Dump the current block."""
        # removeWhiteSpace() will sometimes creates non-directive blocks
        # without any tokens. These come from blocks that only contained
        # empty lines and spaces. They should not be printed in the final
        # output, and then should not be counted for this operation.
        #
        if self.directive is None and not self.tokens:
            return indent

        if self.directive:
            out.write(str(self) + '\n')
        else:
            lines, indent = self.format_blocks(self.tokens, indent)
            for line in lines:
                out.write(line + '\n')

        return indent

    def __repr__(self):
        """Generate the representation of a given block."""
        if self.directive:
            result = "#%s " % self.directive
            if self.isIf():
                result += repr(self.expr)
            else:
                for tok in self.tokens:
                    result += repr(tok)
        else:
            result = ""
            for tok in self.tokens:
                result += repr(tok)

        return result

    def __str__(self):
        """Generate the string representation of a given block."""
        if self.directive:
            # "#if"
            if self.directive == "if":
                # small optimization to re-generate #ifdef and #ifndef
                e = self.expr.expr
                op = e[0]
                if op == "defined":
                    result = "#ifdef %s" % e[1]
                elif op == "!" and e[1][0] == "defined":
                    result = "#ifndef %s" % e[1][1]
                else:
                    result = "#if " + str(self.expr)

            # "#define"
            elif self.isDefine():
                result = "#%s %s" % (self.directive, self.define_id)
                if self.tokens:
                    result += " "
                expr = strip_space(' '.join([tok.id for tok in self.tokens]))
                # remove the space between name and '(' in function call
                result += re.sub(r'(\w+) \(', r'\1(', expr)

            # "#error"
            # Concatenating tokens with a space separator, because they may
            # not be quoted and broken into several tokens
            elif self.directive == "error":
                result = "#error %s" % ' '.join([tok.id for tok in self.tokens])

            else:
                result = "#%s" % self.directive
                if self.tokens:
                    result += " "
                result += ''.join([tok.id for tok in self.tokens])
        else:
            lines, _ = self.format_blocks(self.tokens)
            result = '\n'.join(lines)

        return result


class BlockList(object):
    """A convenience class used to hold and process a list of blocks.

    It calls the cpp parser to get the blocks.
    """

    def __init__(self, blocks):
        self.blocks = blocks

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.blocks)

    def __getitem__(self, n):
        return self.blocks[n]

    def __repr__(self):
        return repr(self.blocks)

    def __str__(self):
        result = '\n'.join([str(b) for b in self.blocks])
        return result

    def dump(self):
        """Dump all the blocks in current BlockList."""
        print('##### BEGIN #####')
        for i, b in enumerate(self.blocks):
            print('### BLOCK %d ###' % i)
            print(b)
        print('##### END #####')

    def optimizeIf01(self):
        """Remove the code between #if 0 .. #endif in a BlockList."""
        self.blocks = optimize_if01(self.blocks)

    def optimizeMacros(self, macros):
        """Remove known defined and undefined macros from a BlockList."""
        for b in self.blocks:
            if b.isIf():
                b.expr.optimize(macros)

    def removeStructs(self, structs):
        """Remove structs."""
        extra_includes = set()
        block_num = 0
        num_blocks = len(self.blocks)
        while block_num < num_blocks:
            b = self.blocks[block_num]
            block_num += 1
            # Have to look in each block for a top-level struct definition.
            if b.directive:
                continue
            num_tokens = len(b.tokens)
            # A struct definition usually looks like:
            #   struct
            #   ident
            #   {
            #   }
            #   ;
            # However, the structure might be spread across multiple blocks
            # if the structure looks like this:
            #   struct ident
            #   {
            #   #ifdef VARIABLE
            #     pid_t pid;
            #   #endif
            #   }:
            # So the total number of tokens in the block might be less than
            # five but assume at least three.
            if num_tokens < 3:
                continue

            # This is a simple struct finder, it might fail if a top-level
            # structure has an #if type directives that confuses the algorithm
            # for finding the end of the structure. Or if there is another
            # structure definition embedded in the structure.
            i = 0
            while i < num_tokens - 2:
                if (b.tokens[i].kind != TokenKind.KEYWORD or
                    b.tokens[i].id != "struct"):
                    i += 1
                    continue
                if (b.tokens[i + 1].kind == TokenKind.IDENTIFIER and
                    b.tokens[i + 2].kind == TokenKind.PUNCTUATION and
                    b.tokens[i + 2].id == "{" and b.tokens[i + 1].id in structs):
                    # Add an include for the structure to be removed of the form:
                    #  #include <bits/STRUCT_NAME.h>
                    struct_token = b.tokens[i + 1]
                    if struct_token.id in structs and structs[struct_token.id]:
                        extra_includes.add("<%s>" % structs[struct_token.id])

                    # Search forward for the end of the structure.
                    # Very simple search, look for } and ; tokens.
                    # If we hit the end of the block, we'll need to start
                    # looking at the next block.
                    j = i + 3
                    depth = 1
                    struct_removed = False
                    while not struct_removed:
                        while j < num_tokens:
                            if b.tokens[j].kind == TokenKind.PUNCTUATION:
                                if b.tokens[j].id == '{':
                                    depth += 1
                                elif b.tokens[j].id == '}':
                                    depth -= 1
                                elif b.tokens[j].id == ';' and depth == 0:
                                    b.tokens = b.tokens[0:i] + b.tokens[j + 1:num_tokens]
                                    num_tokens = len(b.tokens)
                                    struct_removed = True
                                    break
                            j += 1
                        if not struct_removed:
                            b.tokens = b.tokens[0:i]

                            # Skip directive blocks.
                            start_block = block_num
                            while block_num < num_blocks:
                                if not self.blocks[block_num].directive:
                                    break
                                block_num += 1
                            if block_num >= num_blocks:
                                # Unparsable struct, error out.
                                raise UnparseableStruct("Cannot remove struct %s: %s" % (struct_token.id, struct_token.location))
                            self.blocks = self.blocks[0:start_block] + self.blocks[block_num:num_blocks]
                            num_blocks = len(self.blocks)
                            b = self.blocks[start_block]
                            block_num = start_block + 1
                            num_tokens = len(b.tokens)
                            i = 0
                            j = 0
                    continue
                i += 1

        for extra_include in sorted(extra_includes):
            replacement = CppStringTokenizer(extra_include)
            self.blocks.insert(2, Block(replacement.tokens, directive='include'))

    def optimizeAll(self, macros):
        self.optimizeMacros(macros)
        self.optimizeIf01()
        return

    def findIncludes(self):
        """Return the list of included files in a BlockList."""
        result = []
        for b in self.blocks:
            i = b.isInclude()
            if i:
                result.append(i)
        return result

    def write(self, out):
        indent = 0
        for b in self.blocks:
            indent = b.write(out, indent)

    def removeVarsAndFuncs(self, keep):
        """Remove variable and function declarations.

        All extern and static declarations corresponding to variable and
        function declarations are removed. We only accept typedefs and
        enum/structs/union declarations.

        In addition, remove any macros expanding in the headers. Usually,
        these macros are static inline functions, which is why they are
        removed.

        However, we keep the definitions corresponding to the set of known
        static inline functions in the set 'keep', which is useful
        for optimized byteorder swap functions and stuff like that.
        """

        # state = NORMAL => normal (i.e. LN + spaces)
        # state = OTHER_DECL => typedef/struct encountered, ends with ";"
        # state = VAR_DECL => var declaration encountered, ends with ";"
        # state = FUNC_DECL => func declaration encountered, ends with "}"
        NORMAL = 0
        OTHER_DECL = 1
        VAR_DECL = 2
        FUNC_DECL = 3

        state = NORMAL
        depth = 0
        blocksToKeep = []
        blocksInProgress = []
        blocksOfDirectives = []
        ident = ""
        state_token = ""
        macros = set()
        for block in self.blocks:
            if block.isDirective():
                # Record all macros.
                if block.directive == 'define':
                    macro_name = block.define_id
                    paren_index = macro_name.find('(')
                    if paren_index == -1:
                        macros.add(macro_name)
                    else:
                        macros.add(macro_name[0:paren_index])
                blocksInProgress.append(block)
                # If this is in a function/variable declaration, we might need
                # to emit the directives alone, so save them separately.
                blocksOfDirectives.append(block)
                continue

            numTokens = len(block.tokens)
            lastTerminatorIndex = 0
            i = 0
            while i < numTokens:
                token_id = block.tokens[i].id
                terminator = False
                if token_id == '{':
                    depth += 1
                    if (i >= 2 and block.tokens[i-2].id == 'extern' and
                        block.tokens[i-1].id == '"C"'):
                        # For an extern "C" { pretend as though this is depth 0.
                        depth -= 1
                elif token_id == '}':
                    if depth > 0:
                        depth -= 1
                    if depth == 0:
                        if state == OTHER_DECL:
                            # Loop through until we hit the ';'
                            i += 1
                            while i < numTokens:
                                if block.tokens[i].id == ';':
                                    token_id = ';'
                                    break
                                i += 1
                            # If we didn't hit the ';', just consider this the
                            # terminator any way.
                        terminator = True
                elif depth == 0:
                    if token_id == ';':
                        if state == NORMAL:
                            blocksToKeep.extend(blocksInProgress)
                            blocksInProgress = []
                            blocksOfDirectives = []
                            state = FUNC_DECL
                        terminator = True
                    elif (state == NORMAL and token_id == '(' and i >= 1 and
                          block.tokens[i-1].kind == TokenKind.IDENTIFIER and
                          block.tokens[i-1].id in macros):
                        # This is a plain macro being expanded in the header
                        # which needs to be removed.
                        blocksToKeep.extend(blocksInProgress)
                        if lastTerminatorIndex < i - 1:
                            blocksToKeep.append(Block(block.tokens[lastTerminatorIndex:i-1]))
                        blocksInProgress = []
                        blocksOfDirectives = []

                        # Skip until we see the terminating ')'
                        i += 1
                        paren_depth = 1
                        while i < numTokens:
                            if block.tokens[i].id == ')':
                                paren_depth -= 1
                                if paren_depth == 0:
                                    break
                            elif block.tokens[i].id == '(':
                                paren_depth += 1
                            i += 1
                        lastTerminatorIndex = i + 1
                    elif (state != FUNC_DECL and token_id == '(' and
                          state_token != 'typedef'):
                        blocksToKeep.extend(blocksInProgress)
                        blocksInProgress = []
                        blocksOfDirectives = []
                        state = VAR_DECL
                    elif state == NORMAL and token_id in ['struct', 'typedef',
                                                          'enum', 'union',
                                                          '__extension__', '=']:
                        state = OTHER_DECL
                        state_token = token_id
                    elif block.tokens[i].kind == TokenKind.IDENTIFIER:
                        if state != VAR_DECL or ident == "":
                            ident = token_id

                if terminator:
                    if state != VAR_DECL and state != FUNC_DECL or ident in keep:
                        blocksInProgress.append(Block(block.tokens[lastTerminatorIndex:i+1]))
                        blocksToKeep.extend(blocksInProgress)
                    else:
                        # Only keep the directives found.
                        blocksToKeep.extend(blocksOfDirectives)
                    lastTerminatorIndex = i + 1
                    blocksInProgress = []
                    blocksOfDirectives = []
                    state = NORMAL
                    ident = ""
                    state_token = ""
                i += 1
            if lastTerminatorIndex < numTokens:
                blocksInProgress.append(Block(block.tokens[lastTerminatorIndex:numTokens]))
        if len(blocksInProgress) > 0:
            blocksToKeep.extend(blocksInProgress)
        self.blocks = blocksToKeep

    def replaceTokens(self, replacements):
        """Replace tokens according to the given dict."""
        for b in self.blocks:
            made_change = False
            if b.isInclude() is None:
                i = 0
                while i < len(b.tokens):
                    tok = b.tokens[i]
                    if tok.kind == TokenKind.IDENTIFIER:
                        if tok.id in replacements:
                            tok.id = replacements[tok.id]
                            made_change = True
                    i += 1

                if b.isDefine():
                    tokens = CppStringTokenizer(b.define_id).tokens
                    id_change = False
                    for tok in tokens:
                        if tok.kind == TokenKind.IDENTIFIER:
                            if tok.id in replacements:
                                tok.id = replacements[tok.id]
                                id_change = True
                    if id_change:
                        b.define_id = ''.join([tok.id for tok in tokens])
                        made_change = True


            if made_change and b.isIf():
                # Keep 'expr' in sync with 'tokens'.
                b.expr = CppExpr(b.tokens)


def strip_space(s):
    """Strip out redundant space in a given string."""

    # NOTE: It ought to be more clever to not destroy spaces in string tokens.
    replacements = {' . ': '.',
                    ' [': '[',
                    '[ ': '[',
                    ' ]': ']',
                    '( ': '(',
                    ' )': ')',
                    ' ,': ',',
                    '# ': '#',
                    ' ;': ';',
                    '~ ': '~',
                    ' -> ': '->'}
    result = s
    for r in replacements:
        result = result.replace(r, replacements[r])

    # Remove the space between function name and the parenthesis.
    result = re.sub(r'(\w+) \(', r'\1(', result)
    return result


class BlockParser(object):
    """A class that converts an input source file into a BlockList object."""

    def __init__(self, tokzer=None):
        """Initialize a block parser.

        The input source is provided through a Tokenizer object.
        """
        self._tokzer = tokzer
        self._parsed = False

    @property
    def parsed(self):
        return self._parsed

    @staticmethod
    def _short_extent(extent):
        return '%d:%d - %d:%d' % (extent.start.line, extent.start.column,
                                  extent.end.line, extent.end.column)

    def getBlocks(self, tokzer=None):
        """Return all the blocks parsed."""

        def consume_extent(i, tokens, extent=None, detect_change=False):
            """Return tokens that belong to the given extent.

            It parses all the tokens that follow tokens[i], until getting out
            of the extent. When detect_change is True, it may terminate early
            when detecting preprocessing directives inside the extent.
            """

            result = []
            if extent is None:
                cursor = tokens[i].cursor
                if cursor.is_null():
                    return consume_line(i, tokens)
                extent = cursor.extent

            while i < len(tokens) and tokens[i].location in extent:
                t = tokens[i]
                cursor = t.cursor
                if cursor.is_null():
                    result.append(t)
                    i += 1
                    continue

                if debugBlockParser:
                    print(' ' * 2, t.id, t.kind, cursor.kind)
                if (detect_change and cursor.extent != extent and
                    cursor.kind == CursorKind.PREPROCESSING_DIRECTIVE):
                    break
                result.append(t)
                i += 1
            return (i, result)

        def consume_line(i, tokens):
            """Return tokens that follow tokens[i] in the same line."""
            result = []
            line = tokens[i].location.line
            while i < len(tokens) and tokens[i].location.line == line:
                cursor = tokens[i].cursor
                if (not cursor.is_null() and
                        cursor.kind == CursorKind.PREPROCESSING_DIRECTIVE):
                    break
                result.append(tokens[i])
                i += 1
            return (i, result)

        if tokzer is None:
            tokzer = self._tokzer
        tokens = tokzer.tokens

        blocks = []
        buf = []
        i = 0

        while i < len(tokens):
            t = tokens[i]
            cursor = t.cursor

            # With newer versions of clang, the cursor can be null.
            if cursor.is_null():
                (i, ret) = consume_line(i, tokens)
                buf += ret
                continue

            if debugBlockParser:
                print ("%d: Processing [%s], kind=[%s], cursor=[%s], "
                       "extent=[%s]" % (t.location.line, t.spelling, t.kind,
                                        cursor.kind,
                                        self._short_extent(cursor.extent)))

            if cursor.kind == CursorKind.PREPROCESSING_DIRECTIVE:
                if buf:
                    blocks.append(Block(buf))
                    buf = []

                j = i
                if j + 1 >= len(tokens):
                    raise BadExpectedToken("### BAD TOKEN at %s" % (t.location))
                directive = tokens[j+1].id

                if directive == 'define':
                    if i+2 >= len(tokens):
                        raise BadExpectedToken("### BAD TOKEN at %s" %
                                               (tokens[i].location))

                    # Skip '#' and 'define'.
                    extent = tokens[i].cursor.extent
                    i += 2
                    id = ''
                    # We need to separate the id from the remaining of
                    # the line, especially for the function-like macro.
                    if (i + 1 < len(tokens) and tokens[i+1].id == '(' and
                        (tokens[i].location.column + len(tokens[i].spelling) ==
                         tokens[i+1].location.column)):
                        while i < len(tokens):
                            id += tokens[i].id
                            if tokens[i].spelling == ')':
                                i += 1
                                break
                            i += 1
                    else:
                        id += tokens[i].id
                        # Advance to the next token that follows the macro id
                        i += 1

                    (i, ret) = consume_extent(i, tokens, extent=extent)
                    blocks.append(Block(ret, directive=directive,
                                        lineno=t.location.line, identifier=id))

                else:
                    (i, ret) = consume_extent(i, tokens)
                    blocks.append(Block(ret[2:], directive=directive,
                                        lineno=t.location.line))

            elif cursor.kind == CursorKind.INCLUSION_DIRECTIVE:
                if buf:
                    blocks.append(Block(buf))
                    buf = []
                directive = tokens[i+1].id
                (i, ret) = consume_extent(i, tokens)

                blocks.append(Block(ret[2:], directive=directive,
                                    lineno=t.location.line))

            elif cursor.kind == CursorKind.VAR_DECL:
                if buf:
                    blocks.append(Block(buf))
                    buf = []

                (i, ret) = consume_extent(i, tokens, detect_change=True)
                buf += ret

            elif cursor.kind == CursorKind.FUNCTION_DECL:
                if buf:
                    blocks.append(Block(buf))
                    buf = []

                (i, ret) = consume_extent(i, tokens, detect_change=True)
                buf += ret

            else:
                (i, ret) = consume_line(i, tokens)
                buf += ret

        if buf:
            blocks.append(Block(buf))

        # _parsed=True indicates a successful parsing, although may result an
        # empty BlockList.
        self._parsed = True

        return BlockList(blocks)

    def parse(self, tokzer):
        return self.getBlocks(tokzer)

    def parseFile(self, path):
        return self.getBlocks(CppFileTokenizer(path))


class BlockParserTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """BlockParser unit tests."""

    def get_blocks(self, lines):
        blocks = BlockParser().parse(CppStringTokenizer('\n'.join(lines)))
        return list(map(lambda a: str(a), blocks))

    def test_hash(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_blocks(["#error hello"]), ["#error hello"])

    def test_empty_line(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_blocks(["foo", "", "bar"]), ["foo bar"])

    def test_hash_with_space(self):
        # We currently cannot handle the following case with libclang properly.
        # Fortunately it doesn't appear in current headers.
        #self.assertEqual(self.get_blocks(["foo", "  #  ", "bar"]), ["foo", "bar"])
        pass

    def test_with_comment(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.get_blocks(["foo",
                                          "  #  /* ahah */ if defined(__KERNEL__) /* more */",
                                          "bar", "#endif"]),
                         ["foo", "#ifdef __KERNEL__", "bar", "#endif"])


################################################################################
################################################################################
#####                                                                      #####
#####        B L O C K   L I S T   O P T I M I Z A T I O N                 #####
#####                                                                      #####
################################################################################
################################################################################


def find_matching_endif(blocks, i):
    """Traverse the blocks to find out the matching #endif."""
    n = len(blocks)
    depth = 1
    while i < n:
        if blocks[i].isDirective():
            dir_ = blocks[i].directive
            if dir_ in ["if", "ifndef", "ifdef"]:
                depth += 1
            elif depth == 1 and dir_ in ["else", "elif"]:
                return i
            elif dir_ == "endif":
                depth -= 1
                if depth == 0:
                    return i
        i += 1
    return i


def optimize_if01(blocks):
    """Remove the code between #if 0 .. #endif in a list of CppBlocks."""
    i = 0
    n = len(blocks)
    result = []
    while i < n:
        j = i
        while j < n and not blocks[j].isIf():
            j += 1
        if j > i:
            logging.debug("appending lines %d to %d", blocks[i].lineno,
                          blocks[j-1].lineno)
            result += blocks[i:j]
        if j >= n:
            break
        expr = blocks[j].expr
        r = expr.toInt()
        if r is None:
            result.append(blocks[j])
            i = j + 1
            continue

        if r == 0:
            # if 0 => skip everything until the corresponding #endif
            start_dir = blocks[j].directive
            j = find_matching_endif(blocks, j + 1)
            if j >= n:
                # unterminated #if 0, finish here
                break
            dir_ = blocks[j].directive
            if dir_ == "endif":
                logging.debug("remove 'if 0' .. 'endif' (lines %d to %d)",
                              blocks[i].lineno, blocks[j].lineno)
                if start_dir == "elif":
                    # Put an endif since we started with an elif.
                    result += blocks[j:j+1]
                i = j + 1
            elif dir_ == "else":
                # convert 'else' into 'if 1'
                logging.debug("convert 'if 0' .. 'else' into 'if 1' (lines %d "
                              "to %d)", blocks[i].lineno, blocks[j-1].lineno)
                if start_dir == "elif":
                    blocks[j].directive = "elif"
                else:
                    blocks[j].directive = "if"
                blocks[j].expr = CppExpr(CppStringTokenizer("1").tokens)
                i = j
            elif dir_ == "elif":
                # convert 'elif' into 'if'
                logging.debug("convert 'if 0' .. 'elif' into 'if'")
                if start_dir == "elif":
                    blocks[j].directive = "elif"
                else:
                    blocks[j].directive = "if"
                i = j
            continue

        # if 1 => find corresponding endif and remove/transform them
        k = find_matching_endif(blocks, j + 1)
        if k >= n:
            # unterminated #if 1, finish here
            logging.debug("unterminated 'if 1'")
            result += blocks[j+1:k]
            break

        start_dir = blocks[j].directive
        dir_ = blocks[k].directive
        if dir_ == "endif":
            logging.debug("convert 'if 1' .. 'endif' (lines %d to %d)",
                          blocks[j].lineno, blocks[k].lineno)
            if start_dir == "elif":
                # Add the elif in to the results and convert it to an elif 1.
                blocks[j].tokens = CppStringTokenizer("1").tokens
                result += blocks[j:j+1]
            result += optimize_if01(blocks[j+1:k])
            if start_dir == "elif":
                # Add the endif in to the results.
                result += blocks[k:k+1]
            i = k + 1
        elif dir_ == "else":
            # convert 'else' into 'if 0'
            logging.debug("convert 'if 1' .. 'else' (lines %d to %d)",
                          blocks[j].lineno, blocks[k].lineno)
            if start_dir == "elif":
                # Add the elif in to the results and convert it to an elif 1.
                blocks[j].tokens = CppStringTokenizer("1").tokens
                result += blocks[j:j+1]
            result += optimize_if01(blocks[j+1:k])
            if start_dir == "elif":
                blocks[k].directive = "elif"
            else:
                blocks[k].directive = "if"
            blocks[k].expr = CppExpr(CppStringTokenizer("0").tokens)
            i = k
        elif dir_ == "elif":
            # convert 'elif' into 'if 0'
            logging.debug("convert 'if 1' .. 'elif' (lines %d to %d)",
                          blocks[j].lineno, blocks[k].lineno)
            result += optimize_if01(blocks[j+1:k])
            blocks[k].expr = CppExpr(CppStringTokenizer("0").tokens)
            i = k
    return result

class OptimizerTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def parse(self, text, macros=None):
        out = utils.StringOutput()
        blocks = BlockParser().parse(CppStringTokenizer(text))
        blocks.optimizeAll(macros)
        blocks.write(out)
        return out.get()

    def test_if1(self):
        text = """\
#if 1
#define  GOOD
#endif
"""
        expected = """\
#define GOOD
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_if0(self):
        text = """\
#if 0
#define  SHOULD_SKIP1
#define  SHOULD_SKIP2
#endif
"""
        expected = ""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_if1_else(self):
        text = """\
#if 1
#define  GOOD
#else
#define  BAD
#endif
"""
        expected = """\
#define GOOD
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_if0_else(self):
        text = """\
#if 0
#define  BAD
#else
#define  GOOD
#endif
"""
        expected = """\
#define GOOD
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_if_elif1(self):
        text = """\
#if defined(something)
#define EXISTS
#elif 1
#define GOOD
#endif
"""
        expected = """\
#ifdef something
#define EXISTS
#elif 1
#define GOOD
#endif
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_if_elif1_macro(self):
        text = """\
#if defined(something)
#define EXISTS
#elif defined(WILL_BE_ONE)
#define GOOD
#endif
"""
        expected = """\
#ifdef something
#define EXISTS
#elif 1
#define GOOD
#endif
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"WILL_BE_ONE": "1"}), expected)


    def test_if_elif1_else(self):
        text = """\
#if defined(something)
#define EXISTS
#elif 1
#define GOOD
#else
#define BAD
#endif
"""
        expected = """\
#ifdef something
#define EXISTS
#elif 1
#define GOOD
#endif
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_if_elif1_else_macro(self):
        text = """\
#if defined(something)
#define EXISTS
#elif defined(WILL_BE_ONE)
#define GOOD
#else
#define BAD
#endif
"""
        expected = """\
#ifdef something
#define EXISTS
#elif 1
#define GOOD
#endif
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"WILL_BE_ONE": "1"}), expected)


    def test_if_elif1_else_macro(self):
        text = """\
#if defined(something)
#define EXISTS
#elif defined(WILL_BE_ONE)
#define GOOD
#else
#define BAD
#endif
"""
        expected = """\
#ifdef something
#define EXISTS
#elif 1
#define GOOD
#endif
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"WILL_BE_ONE": "1"}), expected)

    def test_macro_set_to_undefined_single(self):
        text = """\
#if defined(__KERNEL__)
#define BAD_KERNEL
#endif
"""
        expected = ""
        macros = {"__KERNEL__": kCppUndefinedMacro}
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, macros), expected)

    def test_macro_set_to_undefined_if(self):
        text = """\
#if defined(__KERNEL__) || !defined(__GLIBC__) || (__GLIBC__ < 2)
#define CHECK
#endif
"""
        expected = """\
#if !defined(__GLIBC__) || __GLIBC__ < 2
#define CHECK
#endif
"""
        macros = {"__KERNEL__": kCppUndefinedMacro}
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, macros), expected)

    def test_endif_comment_removed(self):
        text = """\
#ifndef SIGRTMAX
#define SIGRTMAX 123
#endif /* SIGRTMAX */
"""
        expected = """\
#ifndef SIGRTMAX
#define SIGRTMAX 123
#endif
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_multilevel_if0(self):
        text = """\
#if 0
#if 1
#define  BAD_6
#endif
#endif
"""
        expected = ""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

class RemoveStructsTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def parse(self, text, structs):
        out = utils.StringOutput()
        blocks = BlockParser().parse(CppStringTokenizer(text))
        blocks.removeStructs(structs)
        blocks.write(out)
        return out.get()

    def test_remove_struct_from_start(self):
        text = """\
struct remove {
  int val1;
  int val2;
};
struct something {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
"""
        expected = """\
struct something {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"remove": None}), expected)

    def test_remove_struct_from_end(self):
        text = """\
struct something {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
struct remove {
  int val1;
  int val2;
};
"""
        expected = """\
struct something {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"remove": None}), expected)

    def test_remove_minimal_struct(self):
        text = """\
struct remove {
};
"""
        expected = "";
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"remove": None}), expected)

    def test_remove_struct_with_struct_fields(self):
        text = """\
struct something {
  struct remove val1;
  struct remove val2;
};
struct remove {
  int val1;
  struct something val3;
  int val2;
};
"""
        expected = """\
struct something {
  struct remove val1;
  struct remove val2;
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"remove": None}), expected)

    def test_remove_consecutive_structs(self):
        text = """\
struct keep1 {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
struct remove1 {
  int val1;
  int val2;
};
struct remove2 {
  int val1;
  int val2;
  int val3;
};
struct keep2 {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
"""
        expected = """\
struct keep1 {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
struct keep2 {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"remove1": None, "remove2": None}), expected)

    def test_remove_multiple_structs(self):
        text = """\
struct keep1 {
  int val;
};
struct remove1 {
  int val1;
  int val2;
};
struct keep2 {
  int val;
};
struct remove2 {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
struct keep3 {
  int val;
};
"""
        expected = """\
struct keep1 {
  int val;
};
struct keep2 {
  int val;
};
struct keep3 {
  int val;
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"remove1": None, "remove2": None}), expected)

    def test_remove_struct_with_inline_structs(self):
        text = """\
struct remove {
  int val1;
  int val2;
  struct {
    int val1;
    struct {
      int val1;
    } level2;
  } level1;
};
struct something {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
"""
        expected = """\
struct something {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"remove": None}), expected)

    def test_remove_struct_across_blocks(self):
        text = """\
struct remove {
  int val1;
  int val2;
#ifdef PARAMETER1
  PARAMETER1
#endif
#ifdef PARAMETER2
  PARAMETER2
#endif
};
struct something {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
"""
        expected = """\
struct something {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"remove": None}), expected)

    def test_remove_struct_across_blocks_multiple_structs(self):
        text = """\
struct remove1 {
  int val1;
  int val2;
#ifdef PARAMETER1
  PARAMETER1
#endif
#ifdef PARAMETER2
  PARAMETER2
#endif
};
struct remove2 {
};
struct something {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
"""
        expected = """\
struct something {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"remove1": None, "remove2": None}), expected)

    def test_remove_multiple_struct_and_add_includes(self):
        text = """\
struct remove1 {
  int val1;
  int val2;
};
struct remove2 {
  struct timeval val1;
  struct timeval val2;
};
"""
        expected = """\
#include <bits/remove1.h>
#include <bits/remove2.h>
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, {"remove1": "bits/remove1.h", "remove2": "bits/remove2.h"}), expected)


class FullPathTest(unittest.TestCase):
    """Test of the full path parsing."""

    def parse(self, text, keep=None):
        if not keep:
            keep = set()
        out = utils.StringOutput()
        blocks = BlockParser().parse(CppStringTokenizer(text))

        blocks.removeStructs(kernel_structs_to_remove)
        blocks.removeVarsAndFuncs(keep)
        blocks.replaceTokens(kernel_token_replacements)
        blocks.optimizeAll(None)

        blocks.write(out)
        return out.get()

    def test_function_removed(self):
        text = """\
static inline __u64 function()
{
}
"""
        expected = ""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_function_removed_with_struct(self):
        text = """\
static inline struct something* function()
{
}
"""
        expected = ""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_function_kept(self):
        text = """\
static inline __u64 function()
{
}
"""
        expected = """\
static inline __u64 function() {
}
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, set(["function"])), expected)

    def test_var_removed(self):
        text = "__u64 variable;"
        expected = ""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_var_kept(self):
        text = "__u64 variable;"
        expected = "__u64 variable;\n"
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, set(["variable"])), expected)

    def test_keep_function_typedef(self):
        text = "typedef void somefunction_t(void);"
        expected = "typedef void somefunction_t(void);\n"
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_struct_keep_attribute(self):
        text = """\
struct something_s {
  __u32 s1;
  __u32 s2;
} __attribute__((packed));
"""
        expected = """\
struct something_s {
  __u32 s1;
  __u32 s2;
} __attribute__((packed));
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_function_keep_attribute_structs(self):
        text = """\
static __inline__ struct some_struct1 * function(struct some_struct2 * e) {
}
"""
        expected = """\
static __inline__ struct some_struct1 * function(struct some_struct2 * e) {
}
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, set(["function"])), expected)

    def test_struct_after_struct(self):
        text = """\
struct first {
};

struct second {
  unsigned short s1;
#define SOMETHING 8
  unsigned short s2;
};
"""
        expected = """\
struct first {
};
struct second {
  unsigned short s1;
#define SOMETHING 8
  unsigned short s2;
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_other_not_removed(self):
        text = """\
typedef union {
  __u64 tu1;
  __u64 tu2;
} typedef_name;

union {
  __u64 u1;
  __u64 u2;
};

struct {
  __u64 s1;
  __u64 s2;
};

enum {
  ENUM1 = 0,
  ENUM2,
};

__extension__ typedef __signed__ long long __s64;
"""
        expected = """\
typedef union {
  __u64 tu1;
  __u64 tu2;
} typedef_name;
union {
  __u64 u1;
  __u64 u2;
};
struct {
  __u64 s1;
  __u64 s2;
};
enum {
  ENUM1 = 0,
  ENUM2,
};
__extension__ typedef __signed__ long long __s64;
"""

        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_semicolon_after_function(self):
        text = """\
static inline __u64 function()
{
};

struct should_see {
        __u32                           field;
};
"""
        expected = """\
struct should_see {
  __u32 field;
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_define_in_middle_keep(self):
        text = """\
enum {
  ENUM0 = 0x10,
  ENUM1 = 0x20,
#define SOMETHING SOMETHING_ELSE
  ENUM2 = 0x40,
};
"""
        expected = """\
enum {
  ENUM0 = 0x10,
  ENUM1 = 0x20,
#define SOMETHING SOMETHING_ELSE
  ENUM2 = 0x40,
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_define_in_middle_remove(self):
        text = """\
static inline function() {
#define SOMETHING1 SOMETHING_ELSE1
  i = 0;
  {
    i = 1;
  }
#define SOMETHING2 SOMETHING_ELSE2
}
"""
        expected = """\
#define SOMETHING1 SOMETHING_ELSE1
#define SOMETHING2 SOMETHING_ELSE2
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_define_in_middle_force_keep(self):
        text = """\
static inline function() {
#define SOMETHING1 SOMETHING_ELSE1
  i = 0;
  {
    i = 1;
  }
#define SOMETHING2 SOMETHING_ELSE2
}
"""
        expected = """\
static inline function() {
#define SOMETHING1 SOMETHING_ELSE1
  i = 0;
 {
    i = 1;
  }
#define SOMETHING2 SOMETHING_ELSE2
}
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text, set(["function"])), expected)

    def test_define_before_remove(self):
        text = """\
#define SHOULD_BE_KEPT NOTHING1
#define ANOTHER_TO_KEEP NOTHING2
static inline function() {
#define SOMETHING1 SOMETHING_ELSE1
  i = 0;
  {
    i = 1;
  }
#define SOMETHING2 SOMETHING_ELSE2
}
"""
        expected = """\
#define SHOULD_BE_KEPT NOTHING1
#define ANOTHER_TO_KEEP NOTHING2
#define SOMETHING1 SOMETHING_ELSE1
#define SOMETHING2 SOMETHING_ELSE2
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_extern_C(self):
        text = """\
#if defined(__cplusplus)
extern "C" {
#endif

struct something {
};

#if defined(__cplusplus)
}
#endif
"""
        expected = """\
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
struct something {
};
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_macro_definition_removed(self):
        text = """\
#define MACRO_FUNCTION_NO_PARAMS static inline some_func() {}
MACRO_FUNCTION_NO_PARAMS()

#define MACRO_FUNCTION_PARAMS(a) static inline some_func() { a; }
MACRO_FUNCTION_PARAMS(a = 1)

something that should still be kept
MACRO_FUNCTION_PARAMS(b)
"""
        expected = """\
#define MACRO_FUNCTION_NO_PARAMS static inline some_func() { }
#define MACRO_FUNCTION_PARAMS(a) static inline some_func() { a; }
something that should still be kept
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_verify_timeval_itemerval(self):
        text = """\
struct __kernel_old_timeval {
  struct something val;
};
struct __kernel_old_itimerval {
  struct __kernel_old_timeval val;
};
struct fields {
  struct __kernel_old_timeval timeval;
  struct __kernel_old_itimerval itimerval;
};
"""
        expected = """\
struct fields {
  struct timeval timeval;
  struct itimerval itimerval;
};
#include <linux/time.h>
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_var_definition(self):
        # If we're definining the whole thing, it's probably worth keeping.
        text = """\
static const char *kString = "hello world";
static const int kInteger = 42;
"""
        expected = """\
static const char * kString = "hello world";
static const int kInteger = 42;
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_struct_array_definition(self):
        text = """\
struct descriptor {
  int args;
  int size;
};
static const struct descriptor[] = {
  {0, 0},
  {1, 12},
  {0, 42},
};
"""
        expected = """\
struct descriptor {
  int args;
  int size;
};
static const struct descriptor[] = {
 {
    0, 0
  }
 , {
    1, 12
  }
 , {
    0, 42
  }
 ,
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_array_definition(self):
        text = """\
static const char *arr[] = {
  "foo",
  "bar",
  "baz",
};

static int another_arr[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
"""
        expected = """\
static const char * arr[] = {
  "foo", "bar", "baz",
};
static int another_arr[5] = {
  1, 2, 3, 4, 5
};
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)

    def test_token_replacement(self):
        text = """\
#define SIGRTMIN 32
#define SIGRTMAX _NSIG
#define SIGRTMAX(a,class) some_func(a, class)
"""
        expected = """\
#define __SIGRTMIN 32
#define __SIGRTMAX _KERNEL__NSIG
#define __SIGRTMAX(a,__linux_class) some_func(a, __linux_class)
"""
        self.assertEqual(self.parse(text), expected)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()