diff --git a/runtime/base/mutex.cc b/runtime/base/mutex.cc
index 620bf9c..d1713ed 100644
--- a/runtime/base/mutex.cc
+++ b/runtime/base/mutex.cc
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 MutatorMutex* Locks::mutator_lock_ = nullptr;
 Mutex* Locks::profiler_lock_ = nullptr;
 ReaderWriterMutex* Locks::oat_file_manager_lock_ = nullptr;
-ReaderWriterMutex* Locks::oat_file_count_lock_ = nullptr;
+Mutex* Locks::host_dlopen_handles_lock_ = nullptr;
 Mutex* Locks::reference_processor_lock_ = nullptr;
 Mutex* Locks::reference_queue_cleared_references_lock_ = nullptr;
 Mutex* Locks::reference_queue_finalizer_references_lock_ = nullptr;
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@
     DCHECK(deoptimization_lock_ != nullptr);
     DCHECK(heap_bitmap_lock_ != nullptr);
     DCHECK(oat_file_manager_lock_ != nullptr);
-    DCHECK(oat_file_count_lock_ != nullptr);
+    DCHECK(host_dlopen_handles_lock_ != nullptr);
     DCHECK(intern_table_lock_ != nullptr);
     DCHECK(jni_libraries_lock_ != nullptr);
     DCHECK(logging_lock_ != nullptr);
@@ -1042,9 +1042,9 @@
     DCHECK(oat_file_manager_lock_ == nullptr);
     oat_file_manager_lock_ = new ReaderWriterMutex("OatFile manager lock", current_lock_level);
 
-    UPDATE_CURRENT_LOCK_LEVEL(kOatFileCountLock);
-    DCHECK(oat_file_count_lock_ == nullptr);
-    oat_file_count_lock_ = new ReaderWriterMutex("OatFile count lock", current_lock_level);
+    UPDATE_CURRENT_LOCK_LEVEL(kHostDlOpenHandlesLock);
+    DCHECK(host_dlopen_handles_lock_ == nullptr);
+    host_dlopen_handles_lock_ = new Mutex("host dlopen handles lock", current_lock_level);
 
     UPDATE_CURRENT_LOCK_LEVEL(kInternTableLock);
     DCHECK(intern_table_lock_ == nullptr);
diff --git a/runtime/base/mutex.h b/runtime/base/mutex.h
index 3dca12a..3d7624d 100644
--- a/runtime/base/mutex.h
+++ b/runtime/base/mutex.h
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
   kDexFileToMethodInlinerMapLock,
   kInternTableLock,
   kOatFileSecondaryLookupLock,
-  kOatFileCountLock,
+  kHostDlOpenHandlesLock,
   kOatFileManagerLock,
   kTracingUniqueMethodsLock,
   kTracingStreamingLock,
@@ -651,11 +651,11 @@
   // Guards opened oat files in OatFileManager.
   static ReaderWriterMutex* oat_file_manager_lock_ ACQUIRED_AFTER(modify_ldt_lock_);
 
-  // Guards opened oat files in OatFileManager.
-  static ReaderWriterMutex* oat_file_count_lock_ ACQUIRED_AFTER(oat_file_manager_lock_);
+  // Guards dlopen_handles_ in DlOpenOatFile.
+  static Mutex* host_dlopen_handles_lock_ ACQUIRED_AFTER(oat_file_manager_lock_);
 
   // Guards intern table.
-  static Mutex* intern_table_lock_ ACQUIRED_AFTER(oat_file_count_lock_);
+  static Mutex* intern_table_lock_ ACQUIRED_AFTER(host_dlopen_handles_lock_);
 
   // Guards reference processor.
   static Mutex* reference_processor_lock_ ACQUIRED_AFTER(intern_table_lock_);
diff --git a/runtime/oat_file.cc b/runtime/oat_file.cc
index 6ef00b9..0acd37f 100644
--- a/runtime/oat_file.cc
+++ b/runtime/oat_file.cc
@@ -490,40 +490,23 @@
 // OatFile via dlopen //
 ////////////////////////
 
-static bool RegisterOatFileLocation(const std::string& location) {
-  if (!kIsTargetBuild) {
-    Runtime* const runtime = Runtime::Current();
-    if (runtime != nullptr && !runtime->IsAotCompiler()) {
-      return runtime->GetOatFileManager().RegisterOatFileLocation(location);
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-static void UnregisterOatFileLocation(const std::string& location) {
-  if (!kIsTargetBuild) {
-    Runtime* const runtime = Runtime::Current();
-    if (runtime != nullptr && !runtime->IsAotCompiler()) {
-      runtime->GetOatFileManager().UnRegisterOatFileLocation(location);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 class DlOpenOatFile FINAL : public OatFileBase {
  public:
   DlOpenOatFile(const std::string& filename, bool executable)
       : OatFileBase(filename, executable),
         dlopen_handle_(nullptr),
-        shared_objects_before_(0),
-        first_oat_(RegisterOatFileLocation(filename)) {
+        shared_objects_before_(0) {
   }
 
   ~DlOpenOatFile() {
     if (dlopen_handle_ != nullptr) {
       dlclose(dlopen_handle_);
+
+      if (!kIsTargetBuild) {
+        MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), *Locks::host_dlopen_handles_lock_);
+        host_dlopen_handles_.erase(dlopen_handle_);
+      }
     }
-    UnregisterOatFileLocation(GetLocation());
   }
 
  protected:
@@ -554,6 +537,17 @@
               uint8_t* oat_file_begin,
               std::string* error_msg);
 
+  // On the host, if the same library is loaded again with dlopen the same
+  // file handle is returned. This differs from the behavior of dlopen on the
+  // target, where dlopen reloads the library at a different address every
+  // time you load it. The runtime relies on the target behavior to ensure
+  // each instance of the loaded library has a unique dex cache. To avoid
+  // problems, we fall back to our own linker in the case when the same
+  // library is opened multiple times on host. dlopen_handles_ is used to
+  // detect that case.
+  // Guarded by host_dlopen_handles_lock_;
+  static std::unordered_set<void*> host_dlopen_handles_;
+
   // dlopen handle during runtime.
   void* dlopen_handle_;  // TODO: Unique_ptr with custom deleter.
 
@@ -564,12 +558,11 @@
   // (optimistically) optimize the PreSetup stage (see comment there).
   size_t shared_objects_before_;
 
-  // Track the registration status (= was this the first oat file) for the location.
-  const bool first_oat_;
-
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(DlOpenOatFile);
 };
 
+std::unordered_set<void*> DlOpenOatFile::host_dlopen_handles_;
+
 void DlOpenOatFile::PreLoad() {
 #ifdef __APPLE__
   UNUSED(shared_objects_before_);
@@ -628,12 +621,6 @@
       *error_msg = "DlOpen disabled for host.";
       return false;
     }
-    // For RAII, tracking multiple loads is done in the constructor and destructor. The result is
-    // stored in the first_oat_ flag.
-    if (!first_oat_) {
-      *error_msg = "Loading oat files multiple times with dlopen not supported on host.";
-      return false;
-    }
   }
 
   bool success = Dlopen(elf_filename, oat_file_begin, error_msg);
@@ -671,8 +658,18 @@
     }                                                           //   (pic boot image).
     dlopen_handle_ = android_dlopen_ext(absolute_path.get(), RTLD_NOW, &extinfo);
 #else
-    dlopen_handle_ = dlopen(absolute_path.get(), RTLD_NOW);
     UNUSED(oat_file_begin);
+    static_assert(!kIsTargetBuild, "host_dlopen_handles_ will leak handles");
+    dlopen_handle_ = dlopen(absolute_path.get(), RTLD_NOW);
+    if (dlopen_handle_ != nullptr) {
+      MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), *Locks::host_dlopen_handles_lock_);
+      if (!host_dlopen_handles_.insert(dlopen_handle_).second) {
+        dlclose(dlopen_handle_);
+        dlopen_handle_ = nullptr;
+        *error_msg = StringPrintf("host dlopen re-opened '%s'", elf_filename.c_str());
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
 #endif
   }
   if (dlopen_handle_ == nullptr) {
diff --git a/runtime/oat_file_manager.cc b/runtime/oat_file_manager.cc
index aff479f..42596e3 100644
--- a/runtime/oat_file_manager.cc
+++ b/runtime/oat_file_manager.cc
@@ -731,28 +731,6 @@
   return dex_files;
 }
 
-bool OatFileManager::RegisterOatFileLocation(const std::string& oat_location) {
-  WriterMutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), *Locks::oat_file_count_lock_);
-  auto it = oat_file_count_.find(oat_location);
-  if (it != oat_file_count_.end()) {
-    ++it->second;
-    return false;
-  }
-  oat_file_count_.insert(std::pair<std::string, size_t>(oat_location, 1u));
-  return true;
-}
-
-void OatFileManager::UnRegisterOatFileLocation(const std::string& oat_location) {
-  WriterMutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), *Locks::oat_file_count_lock_);
-  auto it = oat_file_count_.find(oat_location);
-  if (it != oat_file_count_.end()) {
-    --it->second;
-    if (it->second == 0) {
-      oat_file_count_.erase(it);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 void OatFileManager::DumpForSigQuit(std::ostream& os) {
   ReaderMutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), *Locks::oat_file_manager_lock_);
   std::vector<const OatFile*> boot_oat_files = GetBootOatFiles();
diff --git a/runtime/oat_file_manager.h b/runtime/oat_file_manager.h
index ad8c052..1d5b872 100644
--- a/runtime/oat_file_manager.h
+++ b/runtime/oat_file_manager.h
@@ -65,16 +65,6 @@
   const OatFile* FindOpenedOatFileFromDexLocation(const std::string& dex_base_location) const
       REQUIRES(!Locks::oat_file_manager_lock_);
 
-  // Attempt to reserve a location, returns false if it is already reserved or already in used by
-  // an oat file.
-  bool RegisterOatFileLocation(const std::string& oat_location)
-      REQUIRES(!Locks::oat_file_count_lock_);
-
-  // Unreserve oat file location, should only be used for error cases since RegisterOatFile will
-  // remove the reserved location.
-  void UnRegisterOatFileLocation(const std::string& oat_location)
-      REQUIRES(!Locks::oat_file_count_lock_);
-
   // Returns true if we have a non pic oat file.
   bool HaveNonPicOatFile() const {
     return have_non_pic_oat_file_;
@@ -137,7 +127,6 @@
       REQUIRES(Locks::oat_file_manager_lock_);
 
   std::set<std::unique_ptr<const OatFile>> oat_files_ GUARDED_BY(Locks::oat_file_manager_lock_);
-  std::unordered_map<std::string, size_t> oat_file_count_ GUARDED_BY(Locks::oat_file_count_lock_);
   bool have_non_pic_oat_file_;
 
   // The compiler filter used for oat files loaded by the oat file manager.