Faster dex file verification.

Speed up DexFileVerifier by introducing a "map" from type
index to class definition index, implemented as vector<>.

Refactor the verification for correctness, moving checks
against the header into the CheckIntraSection() phase and
checks that rely on other sections to CheckInterSection().
This also allows us to remove some unnecessary checks in
the latter phase.

Improves the "OpenDexFile" time from --dump-timings output
by over 2x for one tested huge apk.

(cherry picked from commit eae30815293d9cacb4bf9f48d7dfdce8a436b426)

Test: m test-art-host-gtest
Test: testrunner.py --host --optimizing.
Bug: 153966283
Merged-In: Iae423b8f463648360276130c8b21ab6057cf73a7
Change-Id: Ie5a525bd1975c39e014c86b4386d5402c8bef420
2 files changed