diff --git a/oatdump/oatdump.cc b/oatdump/oatdump.cc
index a717f19..a6f295f 100644
--- a/oatdump/oatdump.cc
+++ b/oatdump/oatdump.cc
@@ -990,7 +990,9 @@
         DCHECK(method->GetNativeGcMap() == NULL) << PrettyMethod(method);
         DCHECK(method->GetMappingTable() == NULL) << PrettyMethod(method);
       } else {
-        CHECK((method->GetEntryPointFromCompiledCode() == NULL) || (method->GetNativeGcMap() != NULL));
+        // TODO: we check there is a GC map here, we may not have a GC map if the code is pointing
+        //       to the quick/portable to interpreter bridge.
+        CHECK(method->GetNativeGcMap() != NULL) << PrettyMethod(method);
 
         const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item = MethodHelper(method).GetCodeItem();
         size_t dex_instruction_bytes = code_item->insns_size_in_code_units_ * 2;
diff --git a/runtime/Android.mk b/runtime/Android.mk
index 4f25c00..69e13e5 100644
--- a/runtime/Android.mk
+++ b/runtime/Android.mk
@@ -153,10 +153,9 @@
 	entrypoints/portable/portable_invoke_entrypoints.cc \
 	entrypoints/portable/portable_jni_entrypoints.cc \
 	entrypoints/portable/portable_lock_entrypoints.cc \
-	entrypoints/portable/portable_proxy_entrypoints.cc \
-	entrypoints/portable/portable_stub_entrypoints.cc \
 	entrypoints/portable/portable_thread_entrypoints.cc \
 	entrypoints/portable/portable_throw_entrypoints.cc \
+	entrypoints/portable/portable_trampoline_entrypoints.cc \
 	entrypoints/quick/quick_alloc_entrypoints.cc \
 	entrypoints/quick/quick_cast_entrypoints.cc \
 	entrypoints/quick/quick_deoptimization_entrypoints.cc \
diff --git a/runtime/arch/arm/entrypoints_init_arm.cc b/runtime/arch/arm/entrypoints_init_arm.cc
index 848bacc..810a683 100644
--- a/runtime/arch/arm/entrypoints_init_arm.cc
+++ b/runtime/arch/arm/entrypoints_init_arm.cc
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 extern "C" void artInterpreterToInterpreterBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
                                                  const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
                                                  ShadowFrame* shadow_frame, JValue* result);
-extern "C" void artInterperterToCompiledCodeBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
+extern "C" void artInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
                                            const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
                                            ShadowFrame* shadow_frame, JValue* result);
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
                      PortableEntryPoints* ppoints, QuickEntryPoints* qpoints) {
   // Interpreter
   ipoints->pInterpreterToInterpreterBridge = artInterpreterToInterpreterBridge;
-  ipoints->pInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge = artInterperterToCompiledCodeBridge;
+  ipoints->pInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge = artInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge;
 
   // JNI
   jpoints->pDlsymLookup = art_jni_dlsym_lookup_stub;
diff --git a/runtime/arch/arm/portable_entrypoints_arm.S b/runtime/arch/arm/portable_entrypoints_arm.S
index adfd22b..f21ae28 100644
--- a/runtime/arch/arm/portable_entrypoints_arm.S
+++ b/runtime/arch/arm/portable_entrypoints_arm.S
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 ENTRY art_portable_invoke_stub
     push   {r0, r4, r5, r9, r11, lr}       @ spill regs
     .save  {r0, r4, r5, r9, r11, lr}
-    .pad #24
     .cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 24
     .cfi_rel_offset r0, 0
     .cfi_rel_offset r4, 4
@@ -41,6 +40,7 @@
     .cfi_rel_offset lr, 20
     mov    r11, sp                         @ save the stack pointer
     .cfi_def_cfa_register r11
+    @.movsp r11
     mov    r9, r3                          @ move managed thread pointer into r9
     mov    r4, #SUSPEND_CHECK_INTERVAL     @ reset r4 to suspend check interval
     add    r5, r2, #16                     @ create space for method pointer in frame
@@ -97,5 +97,73 @@
     bx      lr                     @ return
 END art_portable_proxy_invoke_handler
 
-UNIMPLEMENTED art_portable_resolution_trampoline
-UNIMPLEMENTED art_portable_to_interpreter_bridge
+    .extern artPortableResolutionTrampoline
+ENTRY art_portable_resolution_trampoline
+    @ Fake callee save ref and args frame set up, note portable doesn't use callee save frames.
+    @ TODO: just save the registers that are needed in artPortableResolutionTrampoline.
+    push {r1-r3, r5-r8, r10-r11, lr}  @ 10 words of callee saves
+    .save {r1-r3, r5-r8, r10-r11, lr}
+    .cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 40
+    .cfi_rel_offset r1, 0
+    .cfi_rel_offset r2, 4
+    .cfi_rel_offset r3, 8
+    .cfi_rel_offset r5, 12
+    .cfi_rel_offset r6, 16
+    .cfi_rel_offset r7, 20
+    .cfi_rel_offset r8, 24
+    .cfi_rel_offset r10, 28
+    .cfi_rel_offset r11, 32
+    .cfi_rel_offset lr, 36
+    sub sp, #8                        @ 2 words of space, bottom word will hold Method*
+    .pad #8
+    .cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 8
+    mov     r2, r9                 @ pass Thread::Current
+    mov     r3, sp                 @ pass SP
+    blx     artPortableResolutionTrampoline  @ (Method* called, receiver, Thread*, SP)
+    cmp     r0, #0                 @ is code pointer null?
+    beq     1f                     @ goto exception
+    mov     r12, r0
+    ldr  r0, [sp, #0]              @ load resolved method in r0
+    ldr  r1, [sp, #8]              @ restore non-callee save r1
+    ldrd r2, [sp, #12]             @ restore non-callee saves r2-r3
+    ldr  lr, [sp, #44]             @ restore lr
+    add  sp, #48                   @ rewind sp
+    .cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -48
+    bx      r12                    @ tail-call into actual code
+1:
+    ldr  r1, [sp, #8]          @ restore non-callee save r1
+    ldrd r2, [sp, #12]         @ restore non-callee saves r2-r3
+    ldr  lr, [sp, #44]         @ restore lr
+    add  sp, #48               @ rewind sp
+    .cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -48
+    bx lr
+END art_portable_resolution_trampoline
+
+    .extern artPortableToInterpreterBridge
+ENTRY art_portable_to_interpreter_bridge
+    @ Fake callee save ref and args frame set up, note portable doesn't use callee save frames.
+    @ TODO: just save the registers that are needed in artPortableToInterpreterBridge.
+    push {r1-r3, r5-r8, r10-r11, lr}  @ 10 words of callee saves
+    .save {r1-r3, r5-r8, r10-r11, lr}
+    .cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 40
+    .cfi_rel_offset r1, 0
+    .cfi_rel_offset r2, 4
+    .cfi_rel_offset r3, 8
+    .cfi_rel_offset r5, 12
+    .cfi_rel_offset r6, 16
+    .cfi_rel_offset r7, 20
+    .cfi_rel_offset r8, 24
+    .cfi_rel_offset r10, 28
+    .cfi_rel_offset r11, 32
+    .cfi_rel_offset lr, 36
+    sub sp, #8                        @ 2 words of space, bottom word will hold Method*
+    .pad #8
+    .cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 8
+    mov     r1, r9                 @ pass Thread::Current
+    mov     r2, sp                 @ pass SP
+    blx     artPortableToInterpreterBridge    @ (Method* method, Thread*, SP)
+    ldr     lr,  [sp, #44]         @ restore lr
+    add     sp,  #48               @ pop frame
+    .cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -48
+    bx      lr                     @ return
+END art_portable_to_interpreter_bridge
diff --git a/runtime/arch/mips/entrypoints_init_mips.cc b/runtime/arch/mips/entrypoints_init_mips.cc
index a18079b..a0d3995 100644
--- a/runtime/arch/mips/entrypoints_init_mips.cc
+++ b/runtime/arch/mips/entrypoints_init_mips.cc
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 extern "C" void artInterpreterToInterpreterBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
                                                  const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
                                                  ShadowFrame* shadow_frame, JValue* result);
-extern "C" void artInterperterToCompiledCodeBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
+extern "C" void artInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
                                            const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
                                            ShadowFrame* shadow_frame, JValue* result);
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
                      PortableEntryPoints* ppoints, QuickEntryPoints* qpoints) {
   // Interpreter
   ipoints->pInterpreterToInterpreterBridge = artInterpreterToInterpreterBridge;
-  ipoints->pInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge = artInterperterToCompiledCodeBridge;
+  ipoints->pInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge = artInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge;
 
   // JNI
   jpoints->pDlsymLookup = art_jni_dlsym_lookup_stub;
diff --git a/runtime/arch/x86/entrypoints_init_x86.cc b/runtime/arch/x86/entrypoints_init_x86.cc
index 9152674..9b54d55 100644
--- a/runtime/arch/x86/entrypoints_init_x86.cc
+++ b/runtime/arch/x86/entrypoints_init_x86.cc
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 extern "C" void artInterpreterToInterpreterBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
                                                   const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
                                                   ShadowFrame* shadow_frame, JValue* result);
-extern "C" void artInterperterToCompiledCodeBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
+extern "C" void artInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
                                            const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
                                            ShadowFrame* shadow_frame, JValue* result);
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
                      PortableEntryPoints* ppoints, QuickEntryPoints* qpoints) {
   // Interpreter
   ipoints->pInterpreterToInterpreterBridge = artInterpreterToInterpreterBridge;
-  ipoints->pInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge = artInterperterToCompiledCodeBridge;
+  ipoints->pInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge = artInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge;
 
   // JNI
   jpoints->pDlsymLookup = art_jni_dlsym_lookup_stub;
diff --git a/runtime/class_linker.cc b/runtime/class_linker.cc
index 71959c6..c7a8f7e 100644
--- a/runtime/class_linker.cc
+++ b/runtime/class_linker.cc
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
 
 namespace art {
 
-extern "C" void artInterperterToCompiledCodeBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
+extern "C" void artInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
                                            const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
                                            ShadowFrame* shadow_frame, JValue* result);
 
@@ -1649,7 +1649,7 @@
   if (enter_interpreter) {
     method->SetEntryPointFromInterpreter(interpreter::artInterpreterToInterpreterBridge);
   } else {
-    method->SetEntryPointFromInterpreter(artInterperterToCompiledCodeBridge);
+    method->SetEntryPointFromInterpreter(artInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge);
   }
 
   if (method->IsAbstract()) {
@@ -2633,7 +2633,7 @@
   method->SetFpSpillMask(refs_and_args->GetFpSpillMask());
   method->SetFrameSizeInBytes(refs_and_args->GetFrameSizeInBytes());
   method->SetEntryPointFromCompiledCode(GetProxyInvokeHandler());
-  method->SetEntryPointFromInterpreter(artInterperterToCompiledCodeBridge);
+  method->SetEntryPointFromInterpreter(artInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge);
 
   return method;
 }
diff --git a/runtime/entrypoints/interpreter/interpreter_entrypoints.cc b/runtime/entrypoints/interpreter/interpreter_entrypoints.cc
index d99c43e..67f6d98 100644
--- a/runtime/entrypoints/interpreter/interpreter_entrypoints.cc
+++ b/runtime/entrypoints/interpreter/interpreter_entrypoints.cc
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 namespace art {
 
-extern "C" void artInterperterToCompiledCodeBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
+extern "C" void artInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(Thread* self, MethodHelper& mh,
                                                    const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
                                                    ShadowFrame* shadow_frame, JValue* result)
     SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
@@ -35,9 +35,15 @@
     Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->EnsureInitialized(method->GetDeclaringClass(), true, true);
   }
   uint16_t arg_offset = (code_item == NULL) ? 0 : code_item->registers_size_ - code_item->ins_size_;
+#if defined(ART_USE_PORTABLE_COMPILER)
   ArgArray arg_array(mh.GetShorty(), mh.GetShortyLength());
-  arg_array.BuildArgArray(shadow_frame, arg_offset);
+  arg_array.BuildArgArrayFromFrame(shadow_frame, arg_offset);
   method->Invoke(self, arg_array.GetArray(), arg_array.GetNumBytes(), result, mh.GetShorty()[0]);
+#else
+  method->Invoke(self, shadow_frame->GetVRegArgs(arg_offset),
+                 (shadow_frame->NumberOfVRegs() - arg_offset) * 4,
+                 result, mh.GetShorty()[0]);
+#endif
 }
 
 }  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/entrypoints/portable/portable_argument_visitor.h b/runtime/entrypoints/portable/portable_argument_visitor.h
deleted file mode 100644
index f268baf..0000000
--- a/runtime/entrypoints/portable/portable_argument_visitor.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef ART_RUNTIME_ENTRYPOINTS_PORTABLE_PORTABLE_ARGUMENT_VISITOR_H_
-#define ART_RUNTIME_ENTRYPOINTS_PORTABLE_PORTABLE_ARGUMENT_VISITOR_H_
-
-#include "object_utils.h"
-
-namespace art {
-
-// Visits the arguments as saved to the stack by a Runtime::kRefAndArgs callee save frame.
-class PortableArgumentVisitor {
- public:
-// Offset to first (not the Method*) argument in a Runtime::kRefAndArgs callee save frame.
-// Size of Runtime::kRefAndArgs callee save frame.
-// Size of Method* and register parameters in out stack arguments.
-#if defined(__arm__)
-#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__R1_OFFSET 8
-#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__FRAME_SIZE 48
-#define PORTABLE_STACK_ARG_SKIP 0
-#elif defined(__mips__)
-#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__R1_OFFSET 4
-#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__FRAME_SIZE 64
-#define PORTABLE_STACK_ARG_SKIP 16
-#elif defined(__i386__)
-#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__R1_OFFSET 4
-#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__FRAME_SIZE 32
-#define PORTABLE_STACK_ARG_SKIP 4
-#else
-#error "Unsupported architecture"
-#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__R1_OFFSET 0
-#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__FRAME_SIZE 0
-#define PORTABLE_STACK_ARG_SKIP 0
-#endif
-
-  PortableArgumentVisitor(MethodHelper& caller_mh, mirror::AbstractMethod** sp)
-    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) :
-    caller_mh_(caller_mh),
-    args_in_regs_(ComputeArgsInRegs(caller_mh)),
-    num_params_(caller_mh.NumArgs()),
-    reg_args_(reinterpret_cast<byte*>(sp) + PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__R1_OFFSET),
-    stack_args_(reinterpret_cast<byte*>(sp) + PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__FRAME_SIZE
-                + PORTABLE_STACK_ARG_SKIP),
-    cur_args_(reg_args_),
-    cur_arg_index_(0),
-    param_index_(0) {
-  }
-
-  virtual ~PortableArgumentVisitor() {}
-
-  virtual void Visit() = 0;
-
-  bool IsParamAReference() const SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return caller_mh_.IsParamAReference(param_index_);
-  }
-
-  bool IsParamALongOrDouble() const SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return caller_mh_.IsParamALongOrDouble(param_index_);
-  }
-
-  Primitive::Type GetParamPrimitiveType() const SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    return caller_mh_.GetParamPrimitiveType(param_index_);
-  }
-
-  byte* GetParamAddress() const {
-    return cur_args_ + (cur_arg_index_ * kPointerSize);
-  }
-
-  void VisitArguments() SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    for (cur_arg_index_ = 0;  cur_arg_index_ < args_in_regs_ && param_index_ < num_params_; ) {
-#if (defined(__arm__) || defined(__mips__))
-      if (IsParamALongOrDouble() && cur_arg_index_ == 2) {
-        break;
-      }
-#endif
-      Visit();
-      cur_arg_index_ += (IsParamALongOrDouble() ? 2 : 1);
-      param_index_++;
-    }
-    cur_args_ = stack_args_;
-    cur_arg_index_ = 0;
-    while (param_index_ < num_params_) {
-#if (defined(__arm__) || defined(__mips__))
-      if (IsParamALongOrDouble() && cur_arg_index_ % 2 != 0) {
-        cur_arg_index_++;
-      }
-#endif
-      Visit();
-      cur_arg_index_ += (IsParamALongOrDouble() ? 2 : 1);
-      param_index_++;
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  static size_t ComputeArgsInRegs(MethodHelper& mh) SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-#if (defined(__i386__))
-    return 0;
-#else
-    size_t args_in_regs = 0;
-    size_t num_params = mh.NumArgs();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_params; i++) {
-      args_in_regs = args_in_regs + (mh.IsParamALongOrDouble(i) ? 2 : 1);
-      if (args_in_regs > 3) {
-        args_in_regs = 3;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    return args_in_regs;
-#endif
-  }
-  MethodHelper& caller_mh_;
-  const size_t args_in_regs_;
-  const size_t num_params_;
-  byte* const reg_args_;
-  byte* const stack_args_;
-  byte* cur_args_;
-  size_t cur_arg_index_;
-  size_t param_index_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace art
-
-#endif  // ART_RUNTIME_ENTRYPOINTS_PORTABLE_PORTABLE_ARGUMENT_VISITOR_H_
diff --git a/runtime/entrypoints/portable/portable_proxy_entrypoints.cc b/runtime/entrypoints/portable/portable_proxy_entrypoints.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 3db39cd..0000000
--- a/runtime/entrypoints/portable/portable_proxy_entrypoints.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "entrypoints/entrypoint_utils.h"
-#include "mirror/abstract_method-inl.h"
-#include "mirror/object-inl.h"
-#include "portable_argument_visitor.h"
-#include "scoped_thread_state_change.h"
-
-namespace art {
-
-// Visits arguments on the stack placing them into the args vector, Object* arguments are converted
-// to jobjects.
-class BuildPortableArgumentVisitor : public PortableArgumentVisitor {
- public:
-  BuildPortableArgumentVisitor(MethodHelper& caller_mh, mirror::AbstractMethod** sp,
-                               ScopedObjectAccessUnchecked& soa, std::vector<jvalue>& args) :
-    PortableArgumentVisitor(caller_mh, sp), soa_(soa), args_(args) {}
-
-  virtual void Visit() SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    jvalue val;
-    Primitive::Type type = GetParamPrimitiveType();
-    switch (type) {
-      case Primitive::kPrimNot: {
-        mirror::Object* obj = *reinterpret_cast<mirror::Object**>(GetParamAddress());
-        val.l = soa_.AddLocalReference<jobject>(obj);
-        break;
-      }
-      case Primitive::kPrimLong:  // Fall-through.
-      case Primitive::kPrimDouble:
-        val.j = *reinterpret_cast<jlong*>(GetParamAddress());
-        break;
-      case Primitive::kPrimBoolean:  // Fall-through.
-      case Primitive::kPrimByte:     // Fall-through.
-      case Primitive::kPrimChar:     // Fall-through.
-      case Primitive::kPrimShort:    // Fall-through.
-      case Primitive::kPrimInt:      // Fall-through.
-      case Primitive::kPrimFloat:
-        val.i =  *reinterpret_cast<jint*>(GetParamAddress());
-        break;
-      case Primitive::kPrimVoid:
-        LOG(FATAL) << "UNREACHABLE";
-        val.j = 0;
-        break;
-    }
-    args_.push_back(val);
-  }
-
- private:
-  ScopedObjectAccessUnchecked& soa_;
-  std::vector<jvalue>& args_;
-
-  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(BuildPortableArgumentVisitor);
-};
-
-// Handler for invocation on proxy methods. On entry a frame will exist for the proxy object method
-// which is responsible for recording callee save registers. We explicitly place into jobjects the
-// incoming reference arguments (so they survive GC). We invoke the invocation handler, which is a
-// field within the proxy object, which will box the primitive arguments and deal with error cases.
-extern "C" uint64_t artPortableProxyInvokeHandler(mirror::AbstractMethod* proxy_method,
-                                                  mirror::Object* receiver,
-                                                  Thread* self, mirror::AbstractMethod** sp)
-    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-  // Ensure we don't get thread suspension until the object arguments are safely in jobjects.
-  const char* old_cause =
-      self->StartAssertNoThreadSuspension("Adding to IRT proxy object arguments");
-  self->VerifyStack();
-  // Start new JNI local reference state.
-  JNIEnvExt* env = self->GetJniEnv();
-  ScopedObjectAccessUnchecked soa(env);
-  ScopedJniEnvLocalRefState env_state(env);
-  // Create local ref. copies of proxy method and the receiver.
-  jobject rcvr_jobj = soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(receiver);
-
-  // Placing arguments into args vector and remove the receiver.
-  MethodHelper proxy_mh(proxy_method);
-  std::vector<jvalue> args;
-  BuildPortableArgumentVisitor local_ref_visitor(proxy_mh, sp, soa, args);
-  local_ref_visitor.VisitArguments();
-  args.erase(args.begin());
-
-  // Convert proxy method into expected interface method.
-  mirror::AbstractMethod* interface_method = proxy_method->FindOverriddenMethod();
-  DCHECK(interface_method != NULL);
-  DCHECK(!interface_method->IsProxyMethod()) << PrettyMethod(interface_method);
-  jobject interface_method_jobj = soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(interface_method);
-
-  // All naked Object*s should now be in jobjects, so its safe to go into the main invoke code
-  // that performs allocations.
-  self->EndAssertNoThreadSuspension(old_cause);
-  JValue result = InvokeProxyInvocationHandler(soa, proxy_mh.GetShorty(),
-                                               rcvr_jobj, interface_method_jobj, args);
-  return result.GetJ();
-}
-
-}  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/entrypoints/portable/portable_stub_entrypoints.cc b/runtime/entrypoints/portable/portable_stub_entrypoints.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index c510c65..0000000
--- a/runtime/entrypoints/portable/portable_stub_entrypoints.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "dex_instruction-inl.h"
-#include "entrypoints/entrypoint_utils.h"
-#include "mirror/abstract_method-inl.h"
-#include "mirror/object-inl.h"
-
-namespace art {
-
-// Lazily resolve a method for portable. Called by stub code.
-extern "C" const void* artPortableResolutionTrampoline(mirror::AbstractMethod* called,
-                                                       mirror::Object* receiver,
-                                                       mirror::AbstractMethod** called_addr,
-                                                       Thread* thread)
-    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-  uint32_t dex_pc;
-  mirror::AbstractMethod* caller = thread->GetCurrentMethod(&dex_pc);
-
-  ClassLinker* linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
-  InvokeType invoke_type;
-  bool is_range;
-  if (called->IsRuntimeMethod()) {
-    const DexFile::CodeItem* code = MethodHelper(caller).GetCodeItem();
-    CHECK_LT(dex_pc, code->insns_size_in_code_units_);
-    const Instruction* instr = Instruction::At(&code->insns_[dex_pc]);
-    Instruction::Code instr_code = instr->Opcode();
-    switch (instr_code) {
-      case Instruction::INVOKE_DIRECT:
-        invoke_type = kDirect;
-        is_range = false;
-        break;
-      case Instruction::INVOKE_DIRECT_RANGE:
-        invoke_type = kDirect;
-        is_range = true;
-        break;
-      case Instruction::INVOKE_STATIC:
-        invoke_type = kStatic;
-        is_range = false;
-        break;
-      case Instruction::INVOKE_STATIC_RANGE:
-        invoke_type = kStatic;
-        is_range = true;
-        break;
-      case Instruction::INVOKE_SUPER:
-        invoke_type = kSuper;
-        is_range = false;
-        break;
-      case Instruction::INVOKE_SUPER_RANGE:
-        invoke_type = kSuper;
-        is_range = true;
-        break;
-      case Instruction::INVOKE_VIRTUAL:
-        invoke_type = kVirtual;
-        is_range = false;
-        break;
-      case Instruction::INVOKE_VIRTUAL_RANGE:
-        invoke_type = kVirtual;
-        is_range = true;
-        break;
-      case Instruction::INVOKE_INTERFACE:
-        invoke_type = kInterface;
-        is_range = false;
-        break;
-      case Instruction::INVOKE_INTERFACE_RANGE:
-        invoke_type = kInterface;
-        is_range = true;
-        break;
-      default:
-        LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected call into trampoline: " << instr->DumpString(NULL);
-        // Avoid used uninitialized warnings.
-        invoke_type = kDirect;
-        is_range = true;
-    }
-    uint32_t dex_method_idx = (is_range) ? instr->VRegB_3rc() : instr->VRegB_35c();
-    called = linker->ResolveMethod(dex_method_idx, caller, invoke_type);
-    // Refine called method based on receiver.
-    if (invoke_type == kVirtual) {
-      called = receiver->GetClass()->FindVirtualMethodForVirtual(called);
-    } else if (invoke_type == kInterface) {
-      called = receiver->GetClass()->FindVirtualMethodForInterface(called);
-    }
-  } else {
-    CHECK(called->IsStatic()) << PrettyMethod(called);
-    invoke_type = kStatic;
-  }
-  const void* code = NULL;
-  if (LIKELY(!thread->IsExceptionPending())) {
-    // Incompatible class change should have been handled in resolve method.
-    CHECK(!called->CheckIncompatibleClassChange(invoke_type));
-    // Ensure that the called method's class is initialized.
-    mirror::Class* called_class = called->GetDeclaringClass();
-    linker->EnsureInitialized(called_class, true, true);
-    if (LIKELY(called_class->IsInitialized())) {
-      code = called->GetEntryPointFromCompiledCode();
-      // TODO: remove this after we solve the link issue.
-      {  // for lazy link.
-        if (code == NULL) {
-          code = linker->GetOatCodeFor(called);
-        }
-      }
-    } else if (called_class->IsInitializing()) {
-      if (invoke_type == kStatic) {
-        // Class is still initializing, go to oat and grab code (trampoline must be left in place
-        // until class is initialized to stop races between threads).
-        code = linker->GetOatCodeFor(called);
-      } else {
-        // No trampoline for non-static methods.
-        code = called->GetEntryPointFromCompiledCode();
-        // TODO: remove this after we solve the link issue.
-        {  // for lazy link.
-          if (code == NULL) {
-            code = linker->GetOatCodeFor(called);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      DCHECK(called_class->IsErroneous());
-    }
-  }
-  if (LIKELY(code != NULL)) {
-    // Expect class to at least be initializing.
-    DCHECK(called->GetDeclaringClass()->IsInitializing());
-    // Don't want infinite recursion.
-    DCHECK(code != GetResolutionTrampoline(linker));
-    // Set up entry into main method
-    *called_addr = called;
-  }
-  return code;
-}
-
-}  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/entrypoints/portable/portable_trampoline_entrypoints.cc b/runtime/entrypoints/portable/portable_trampoline_entrypoints.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c02ace8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/entrypoints/portable/portable_trampoline_entrypoints.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ART_RUNTIME_ENTRYPOINTS_PORTABLE_PORTABLE_ARGUMENT_VISITOR_H_
+#define ART_RUNTIME_ENTRYPOINTS_PORTABLE_PORTABLE_ARGUMENT_VISITOR_H_
+
+#include "dex_instruction-inl.h"
+#include "entrypoints/entrypoint_utils.h"
+#include "interpreter/interpreter.h"
+#include "mirror/abstract_method-inl.h"
+#include "mirror/object-inl.h"
+#include "object_utils.h"
+#include "scoped_thread_state_change.h"
+
+namespace art {
+
+// Visits the arguments as saved to the stack by a Runtime::kRefAndArgs callee save frame.
+class PortableArgumentVisitor {
+ public:
+// Offset to first (not the Method*) argument in a Runtime::kRefAndArgs callee save frame.
+// Size of Runtime::kRefAndArgs callee save frame.
+// Size of Method* and register parameters in out stack arguments.
+#if defined(__arm__)
+#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__R1_OFFSET 8
+#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__FRAME_SIZE 48
+#define PORTABLE_STACK_ARG_SKIP 0
+#elif defined(__mips__)
+#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__R1_OFFSET 4
+#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__FRAME_SIZE 64
+#define PORTABLE_STACK_ARG_SKIP 16
+#elif defined(__i386__)
+#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__R1_OFFSET 4
+#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__FRAME_SIZE 32
+#define PORTABLE_STACK_ARG_SKIP 4
+#else
+#error "Unsupported architecture"
+#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__R1_OFFSET 0
+#define PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__FRAME_SIZE 0
+#define PORTABLE_STACK_ARG_SKIP 0
+#endif
+
+  PortableArgumentVisitor(MethodHelper& caller_mh, mirror::AbstractMethod** sp)
+    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) :
+    caller_mh_(caller_mh),
+    args_in_regs_(ComputeArgsInRegs(caller_mh)),
+    num_params_(caller_mh.NumArgs()),
+    reg_args_(reinterpret_cast<byte*>(sp) + PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__R1_OFFSET),
+    stack_args_(reinterpret_cast<byte*>(sp) + PORTABLE_CALLEE_SAVE_FRAME__REF_AND_ARGS__FRAME_SIZE
+                + PORTABLE_STACK_ARG_SKIP),
+    cur_args_(reg_args_),
+    cur_arg_index_(0),
+    param_index_(0) {
+  }
+
+  virtual ~PortableArgumentVisitor() {}
+
+  virtual void Visit() = 0;
+
+  bool IsParamAReference() const SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return caller_mh_.IsParamAReference(param_index_);
+  }
+
+  bool IsParamALongOrDouble() const SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return caller_mh_.IsParamALongOrDouble(param_index_);
+  }
+
+  Primitive::Type GetParamPrimitiveType() const SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    return caller_mh_.GetParamPrimitiveType(param_index_);
+  }
+
+  byte* GetParamAddress() const {
+    return cur_args_ + (cur_arg_index_ * kPointerSize);
+  }
+
+  void VisitArguments() SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    for (cur_arg_index_ = 0;  cur_arg_index_ < args_in_regs_ && param_index_ < num_params_; ) {
+#if (defined(__arm__) || defined(__mips__))
+      if (IsParamALongOrDouble() && cur_arg_index_ == 2) {
+        break;
+      }
+#endif
+      Visit();
+      cur_arg_index_ += (IsParamALongOrDouble() ? 2 : 1);
+      param_index_++;
+    }
+    cur_args_ = stack_args_;
+    cur_arg_index_ = 0;
+    while (param_index_ < num_params_) {
+#if (defined(__arm__) || defined(__mips__))
+      if (IsParamALongOrDouble() && cur_arg_index_ % 2 != 0) {
+        cur_arg_index_++;
+      }
+#endif
+      Visit();
+      cur_arg_index_ += (IsParamALongOrDouble() ? 2 : 1);
+      param_index_++;
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static size_t ComputeArgsInRegs(MethodHelper& mh) SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+#if (defined(__i386__))
+    return 0;
+#else
+    size_t args_in_regs = 0;
+    size_t num_params = mh.NumArgs();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_params; i++) {
+      args_in_regs = args_in_regs + (mh.IsParamALongOrDouble(i) ? 2 : 1);
+      if (args_in_regs > 3) {
+        args_in_regs = 3;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return args_in_regs;
+#endif
+  }
+  MethodHelper& caller_mh_;
+  const size_t args_in_regs_;
+  const size_t num_params_;
+  byte* const reg_args_;
+  byte* const stack_args_;
+  byte* cur_args_;
+  size_t cur_arg_index_;
+  size_t param_index_;
+};
+
+// Visits arguments on the stack placing them into the shadow frame.
+class BuildPortableShadowFrameVisitor : public PortableArgumentVisitor {
+ public:
+  BuildPortableShadowFrameVisitor(MethodHelper& caller_mh, mirror::AbstractMethod** sp,
+      ShadowFrame& sf, size_t first_arg_reg) :
+    PortableArgumentVisitor(caller_mh, sp), sf_(sf), cur_reg_(first_arg_reg) { }
+  virtual void Visit() SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    Primitive::Type type = GetParamPrimitiveType();
+    switch (type) {
+      case Primitive::kPrimLong:  // Fall-through.
+      case Primitive::kPrimDouble:
+        sf_.SetVRegLong(cur_reg_, *reinterpret_cast<jlong*>(GetParamAddress()));
+        ++cur_reg_;
+        break;
+      case Primitive::kPrimNot:
+        sf_.SetVRegReference(cur_reg_, *reinterpret_cast<mirror::Object**>(GetParamAddress()));
+        break;
+      case Primitive::kPrimBoolean:  // Fall-through.
+      case Primitive::kPrimByte:     // Fall-through.
+      case Primitive::kPrimChar:     // Fall-through.
+      case Primitive::kPrimShort:    // Fall-through.
+      case Primitive::kPrimInt:      // Fall-through.
+      case Primitive::kPrimFloat:
+        sf_.SetVReg(cur_reg_, *reinterpret_cast<jint*>(GetParamAddress()));
+        break;
+      case Primitive::kPrimVoid:
+        LOG(FATAL) << "UNREACHABLE";
+        break;
+    }
+    ++cur_reg_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  ShadowFrame& sf_;
+  size_t cur_reg_;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(BuildPortableShadowFrameVisitor);
+};
+
+extern "C" uint64_t artPortableToInterpreterBridge(mirror::AbstractMethod* method, Thread* self,
+                                                mirror::AbstractMethod** sp)
+    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  // Ensure we don't get thread suspension until the object arguments are safely in the shadow
+  // frame.
+  // FinishCalleeSaveFrameSetup(self, sp, Runtime::kRefsAndArgs);
+
+  if (method->IsAbstract()) {
+    ThrowAbstractMethodError(method);
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    const char* old_cause = self->StartAssertNoThreadSuspension("Building interpreter shadow frame");
+    MethodHelper mh(method);
+    const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item = mh.GetCodeItem();
+    uint16_t num_regs = code_item->registers_size_;
+    void* memory = alloca(ShadowFrame::ComputeSize(num_regs));
+    ShadowFrame* shadow_frame(ShadowFrame::Create(num_regs, NULL,  // No last shadow coming from quick.
+                                                  method, 0, memory));
+    size_t first_arg_reg = code_item->registers_size_ - code_item->ins_size_;
+    BuildPortableShadowFrameVisitor shadow_frame_builder(mh, sp,
+                                                 *shadow_frame, first_arg_reg);
+    shadow_frame_builder.VisitArguments();
+    // Push a transition back into managed code onto the linked list in thread.
+    ManagedStack fragment;
+    self->PushManagedStackFragment(&fragment);
+    self->PushShadowFrame(shadow_frame);
+    self->EndAssertNoThreadSuspension(old_cause);
+
+    if (method->IsStatic() && !method->GetDeclaringClass()->IsInitializing()) {
+      // Ensure static method's class is initialized.
+      if (!Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->EnsureInitialized(method->GetDeclaringClass(),
+                                                                   true, true)) {
+        DCHECK(Thread::Current()->IsExceptionPending());
+        self->PopManagedStackFragment(fragment);
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    JValue result = interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromStub(self, mh, code_item, *shadow_frame);
+    // Pop transition.
+    self->PopManagedStackFragment(fragment);
+    return result.GetJ();
+  }
+}
+
+// Visits arguments on the stack placing them into the args vector, Object* arguments are converted
+// to jobjects.
+class BuildPortableArgumentVisitor : public PortableArgumentVisitor {
+ public:
+  BuildPortableArgumentVisitor(MethodHelper& caller_mh, mirror::AbstractMethod** sp,
+                               ScopedObjectAccessUnchecked& soa, std::vector<jvalue>& args) :
+    PortableArgumentVisitor(caller_mh, sp), soa_(soa), args_(args) {}
+
+  virtual void Visit() SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    jvalue val;
+    Primitive::Type type = GetParamPrimitiveType();
+    switch (type) {
+      case Primitive::kPrimNot: {
+        mirror::Object* obj = *reinterpret_cast<mirror::Object**>(GetParamAddress());
+        val.l = soa_.AddLocalReference<jobject>(obj);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Primitive::kPrimLong:  // Fall-through.
+      case Primitive::kPrimDouble:
+        val.j = *reinterpret_cast<jlong*>(GetParamAddress());
+        break;
+      case Primitive::kPrimBoolean:  // Fall-through.
+      case Primitive::kPrimByte:     // Fall-through.
+      case Primitive::kPrimChar:     // Fall-through.
+      case Primitive::kPrimShort:    // Fall-through.
+      case Primitive::kPrimInt:      // Fall-through.
+      case Primitive::kPrimFloat:
+        val.i =  *reinterpret_cast<jint*>(GetParamAddress());
+        break;
+      case Primitive::kPrimVoid:
+        LOG(FATAL) << "UNREACHABLE";
+        val.j = 0;
+        break;
+    }
+    args_.push_back(val);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  ScopedObjectAccessUnchecked& soa_;
+  std::vector<jvalue>& args_;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(BuildPortableArgumentVisitor);
+};
+
+// Handler for invocation on proxy methods. On entry a frame will exist for the proxy object method
+// which is responsible for recording callee save registers. We explicitly place into jobjects the
+// incoming reference arguments (so they survive GC). We invoke the invocation handler, which is a
+// field within the proxy object, which will box the primitive arguments and deal with error cases.
+extern "C" uint64_t artPortableProxyInvokeHandler(mirror::AbstractMethod* proxy_method,
+                                                  mirror::Object* receiver,
+                                                  Thread* self, mirror::AbstractMethod** sp)
+    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  // Ensure we don't get thread suspension until the object arguments are safely in jobjects.
+  const char* old_cause =
+      self->StartAssertNoThreadSuspension("Adding to IRT proxy object arguments");
+  self->VerifyStack();
+  // Start new JNI local reference state.
+  JNIEnvExt* env = self->GetJniEnv();
+  ScopedObjectAccessUnchecked soa(env);
+  ScopedJniEnvLocalRefState env_state(env);
+  // Create local ref. copies of proxy method and the receiver.
+  jobject rcvr_jobj = soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(receiver);
+
+  // Placing arguments into args vector and remove the receiver.
+  MethodHelper proxy_mh(proxy_method);
+  std::vector<jvalue> args;
+  BuildPortableArgumentVisitor local_ref_visitor(proxy_mh, sp, soa, args);
+  local_ref_visitor.VisitArguments();
+  args.erase(args.begin());
+
+  // Convert proxy method into expected interface method.
+  mirror::AbstractMethod* interface_method = proxy_method->FindOverriddenMethod();
+  DCHECK(interface_method != NULL);
+  DCHECK(!interface_method->IsProxyMethod()) << PrettyMethod(interface_method);
+  jobject interface_method_jobj = soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(interface_method);
+
+  // All naked Object*s should now be in jobjects, so its safe to go into the main invoke code
+  // that performs allocations.
+  self->EndAssertNoThreadSuspension(old_cause);
+  JValue result = InvokeProxyInvocationHandler(soa, proxy_mh.GetShorty(),
+                                               rcvr_jobj, interface_method_jobj, args);
+  return result.GetJ();
+}
+
+// Lazily resolve a method for portable. Called by stub code.
+extern "C" const void* artPortableResolutionTrampoline(mirror::AbstractMethod* called,
+                                                       mirror::Object* receiver,
+                                                       Thread* thread,
+                                                       mirror::AbstractMethod** called_addr)
+    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  uint32_t dex_pc;
+  mirror::AbstractMethod* caller = thread->GetCurrentMethod(&dex_pc);
+
+  ClassLinker* linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
+  InvokeType invoke_type;
+  bool is_range;
+  if (called->IsRuntimeMethod()) {
+    const DexFile::CodeItem* code = MethodHelper(caller).GetCodeItem();
+    CHECK_LT(dex_pc, code->insns_size_in_code_units_);
+    const Instruction* instr = Instruction::At(&code->insns_[dex_pc]);
+    Instruction::Code instr_code = instr->Opcode();
+    switch (instr_code) {
+      case Instruction::INVOKE_DIRECT:
+        invoke_type = kDirect;
+        is_range = false;
+        break;
+      case Instruction::INVOKE_DIRECT_RANGE:
+        invoke_type = kDirect;
+        is_range = true;
+        break;
+      case Instruction::INVOKE_STATIC:
+        invoke_type = kStatic;
+        is_range = false;
+        break;
+      case Instruction::INVOKE_STATIC_RANGE:
+        invoke_type = kStatic;
+        is_range = true;
+        break;
+      case Instruction::INVOKE_SUPER:
+        invoke_type = kSuper;
+        is_range = false;
+        break;
+      case Instruction::INVOKE_SUPER_RANGE:
+        invoke_type = kSuper;
+        is_range = true;
+        break;
+      case Instruction::INVOKE_VIRTUAL:
+        invoke_type = kVirtual;
+        is_range = false;
+        break;
+      case Instruction::INVOKE_VIRTUAL_RANGE:
+        invoke_type = kVirtual;
+        is_range = true;
+        break;
+      case Instruction::INVOKE_INTERFACE:
+        invoke_type = kInterface;
+        is_range = false;
+        break;
+      case Instruction::INVOKE_INTERFACE_RANGE:
+        invoke_type = kInterface;
+        is_range = true;
+        break;
+      default:
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected call into trampoline: " << instr->DumpString(NULL);
+        // Avoid used uninitialized warnings.
+        invoke_type = kDirect;
+        is_range = true;
+    }
+    uint32_t dex_method_idx = (is_range) ? instr->VRegB_3rc() : instr->VRegB_35c();
+    called = linker->ResolveMethod(dex_method_idx, caller, invoke_type);
+    // Incompatible class change should have been handled in resolve method.
+    CHECK(!called->CheckIncompatibleClassChange(invoke_type));
+    // Refine called method based on receiver.
+    if (invoke_type == kVirtual) {
+      called = receiver->GetClass()->FindVirtualMethodForVirtual(called);
+    } else if (invoke_type == kInterface) {
+      called = receiver->GetClass()->FindVirtualMethodForInterface(called);
+    }
+  } else {
+    CHECK(called->IsStatic()) << PrettyMethod(called);
+    invoke_type = kStatic;
+    // Incompatible class change should have been handled in resolve method.
+    CHECK(!called->CheckIncompatibleClassChange(invoke_type));
+  }
+  const void* code = NULL;
+  if (LIKELY(!thread->IsExceptionPending())) {
+    // Ensure that the called method's class is initialized.
+    mirror::Class* called_class = called->GetDeclaringClass();
+    linker->EnsureInitialized(called_class, true, true);
+    if (LIKELY(called_class->IsInitialized())) {
+      code = called->GetEntryPointFromCompiledCode();
+      // TODO: remove this after we solve the link issue.
+      {  // for lazy link.
+        if (code == NULL) {
+          code = linker->GetOatCodeFor(called);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (called_class->IsInitializing()) {
+      if (invoke_type == kStatic) {
+        // Class is still initializing, go to oat and grab code (trampoline must be left in place
+        // until class is initialized to stop races between threads).
+        code = linker->GetOatCodeFor(called);
+      } else {
+        // No trampoline for non-static methods.
+        code = called->GetEntryPointFromCompiledCode();
+        // TODO: remove this after we solve the link issue.
+        {  // for lazy link.
+          if (code == NULL) {
+            code = linker->GetOatCodeFor(called);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      DCHECK(called_class->IsErroneous());
+    }
+  }
+  if (LIKELY(code != NULL)) {
+    // Expect class to at least be initializing.
+    DCHECK(called->GetDeclaringClass()->IsInitializing());
+    // Don't want infinite recursion.
+    DCHECK(code != GetResolutionTrampoline(linker));
+    // Set up entry into main method
+    *called_addr = called;
+  }
+  return code;
+}
+
+}  // namespace art
+
+#endif  // ART_RUNTIME_ENTRYPOINTS_PORTABLE_PORTABLE_ARGUMENT_VISITOR_H_
diff --git a/runtime/invoke_arg_array_builder.h b/runtime/invoke_arg_array_builder.h
index c1d8249..084d005 100644
--- a/runtime/invoke_arg_array_builder.h
+++ b/runtime/invoke_arg_array_builder.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef ART_RUNTIME_INVOKE_ARG_ARRAY_BUILDER_H_
 #define ART_RUNTIME_INVOKE_ARG_ARRAY_BUILDER_H_
 
+#include "mirror/abstract_method.h"
 #include "mirror/object.h"
 #include "scoped_thread_state_change.h"
 
@@ -162,10 +163,35 @@
     }
   }
 
-  void BuildArgArray(ShadowFrame* shadow_frame, uint32_t arg_offset)
-  SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    arg_array_ = shadow_frame->GetVRegArgs(arg_offset);
-    num_bytes_ = (shadow_frame->NumberOfVRegs() - arg_offset) * 4;
+
+  void BuildArgArrayFromFrame(ShadowFrame* shadow_frame, uint32_t arg_offset)
+      SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    // Set receiver if non-null (method is not static)
+    size_t cur_arg = arg_offset;
+    if (!shadow_frame->GetMethod()->IsStatic()) {
+      Append(shadow_frame->GetVReg(cur_arg));
+      cur_arg++;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < shorty_len_; ++i) {
+      switch (shorty_[i]) {
+        case 'Z':
+        case 'B':
+        case 'C':
+        case 'S':
+        case 'I':
+        case 'F':
+        case 'L':
+          Append(shadow_frame->GetVReg(cur_arg));
+          cur_arg++;
+          break;
+        case 'D':
+        case 'J':
+          AppendWide(shadow_frame->GetVRegLong(cur_arg));
+          cur_arg++;
+          cur_arg++;
+          break;
+      }
+    }
   }
 
  private:
diff --git a/runtime/verifier/method_verifier.cc b/runtime/verifier/method_verifier.cc
index eb6e3c3..fc595d9 100644
--- a/runtime/verifier/method_verifier.cc
+++ b/runtime/verifier/method_verifier.cc
@@ -4090,10 +4090,8 @@
   DCHECK(Runtime::Current()->IsCompiler());
   ReaderMutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), *dex_gc_maps_lock_);
   DexGcMapTable::const_iterator it = dex_gc_maps_->find(ref);
-  if (it == dex_gc_maps_->end()) {
-    LOG(WARNING) << "Didn't find GC map for: " << PrettyMethod(ref.dex_method_index, *ref.dex_file);
-    return NULL;
-  }
+  CHECK(it != dex_gc_maps_->end())
+    << "Didn't find GC map for: " << PrettyMethod(ref.dex_method_index, *ref.dex_file);
   CHECK(it->second != NULL);
   return it->second;
 }