[ImuCal] Add calibration telemetry logging callback.

- Integrates logging functions for tracking calibration updates.
- Implementation of the telemetry functions will come later.
- Syncs code from Google3, PiperOrigin-RevId: 371592964.
- Adds 200 bytes; no nanoapp size change with padding.

Memory (before):
  text	   data	    bss	    dec
  32053	    356	  18712	  51121
  MemSize:0x7e40 Align:0x1000 Padded:0x8000 Padding:448
  MemSize:0x4a80 Align:0x1000 Padded:0x5000 Padding:1408
Total Padded MemSize: 0xd000 (53248)

Memory (after):
  text	   data	    bss	    dec
  32209	    356	  18752	  51317
  MemSize:0x7ed0 Align:0x1000 Padded:0x8000 Padding:304
  MemSize:0x4aa8 Align:0x1000 Padded:0x5000 Padding:1368
Total Padded MemSize: 0xd000 (53248)

Bug: 186054152
Tested: Built and verified on device.

Change-Id: Id3a94674fd394c9ac869eb727f76e691bc717ecb
7 files changed