# Copyright 2014-2015, Tresys Technology, LLC
#
# This file is part of SETools.
#
# SETools is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
# published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2.1 of
# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# SETools is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License along with SETools.  If not, see
# <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
import itertools
import logging

import networkx as nx
from networkx.exception import NetworkXError, NetworkXNoPath

from .descriptors import EdgeAttrIntMax, EdgeAttrList

__all__ = ['InfoFlowAnalysis']


class InfoFlowAnalysis(object):

    """Information flow analysis."""

    def __init__(self, policy, perm_map, min_weight=1, exclude=None):
        """
        Parameters:
        policy      The policy to analyze.
        perm_map    The permission map or path to the permission map file.
        minweight   The minimum permission weight to include in the analysis.
                    (default is 1)
        exclude     The types excluded from the information flow analysis.
                    (default is none)
        """
        self.log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

        self.policy = policy

        self.min_weight = min_weight
        self.perm_map = perm_map
        self.exclude = exclude
        self.rebuildgraph = True
        self.rebuildsubgraph = True

        self.G = nx.DiGraph()
        self.subG = None

    @property
    def min_weight(self):
        return self._min_weight

    @min_weight.setter
    def min_weight(self, weight):
        if not 1 <= weight <= 10:
            raise ValueError(
                "Min information flow weight must be an integer 1-10.")

        self._min_weight = weight
        self.rebuildsubgraph = True

    @property
    def perm_map(self):
        return self._perm_map

    @perm_map.setter
    def perm_map(self, perm_map):
        self._perm_map = perm_map
        self.rebuildgraph = True
        self.rebuildsubgraph = True

    @property
    def exclude(self):
        return self._exclude

    @exclude.setter
    def exclude(self, types):
        if types:
            self._exclude = [self.policy.lookup_type(t) for t in types]
        else:
            self._exclude = []

        self.rebuildsubgraph = True

    def shortest_path(self, source, target):
        """
        Generator which yields one shortest path between the source
        and target types (there may be more).

        Parameters:
        source   The source type.
        target   The target type.

        Yield: generator(steps)

        steps Yield: tuple(source, target, rules)

        source   The source type for this step of the information flow.
        target   The target type for this step of the information flow.
        rules    The list of rules creating this information flow step.
        """
        s = self.policy.lookup_type(source)
        t = self.policy.lookup_type(target)

        if self.rebuildsubgraph:
            self._build_subgraph()

        self.log.info("Generating one shortest information flow path from {0} to {1}...".
                      format(s, t))

        try:
            yield self.__generate_steps(nx.shortest_path(self.subG, s, t))
        except (NetworkXNoPath, NetworkXError):
            # NetworkXError: the type is valid but not in graph, e.g.
            # excluded or disconnected due to min weight
            # NetworkXNoPath: no paths or the target type is
            # not in the graph
            pass

    def all_paths(self, source, target, maxlen=2):
        """
        Generator which yields all paths between the source and target
        up to the specified maximum path length.  This algorithm
        tends to get very expensive above 3-5 steps, depending
        on the policy complexity.

        Parameters:
        source    The source type.
        target    The target type.
        maxlen    Maximum length of paths.

        Yield: generator(steps)

        steps Yield: tuple(source, target, rules)

        source    The source type for this step of the information flow.
        target    The target type for this step of the information flow.
        rules     The list of rules creating this information flow step.
        """
        if maxlen < 1:
            raise ValueError("Maximum path length must be positive.")

        s = self.policy.lookup_type(source)
        t = self.policy.lookup_type(target)

        if self.rebuildsubgraph:
            self._build_subgraph()

        self.log.info("Generating all information flow paths from {0} to {1}, max length {2}...".
                      format(s, t, maxlen))

        try:
            for path in nx.all_simple_paths(self.subG, s, t, maxlen):
                yield self.__generate_steps(path)
        except (NetworkXNoPath, NetworkXError):
            # NetworkXError: the type is valid but not in graph, e.g.
            # excluded or disconnected due to min weight
            # NetworkXNoPath: no paths or the target type is
            # not in the graph
            pass

    def all_shortest_paths(self, source, target):
        """
        Generator which yields all shortest paths between the source
        and target types.

        Parameters:
        source   The source type.
        target   The target type.

        Yield: generator(steps)

        steps Yield: tuple(source, target, rules)

        source   The source type for this step of the information flow.
        target   The target type for this step of the information flow.
        rules    The list of rules creating this information flow step.
        """
        s = self.policy.lookup_type(source)
        t = self.policy.lookup_type(target)

        if self.rebuildsubgraph:
            self._build_subgraph()

        self.log.info("Generating all shortest information flow paths from {0} to {1}...".
                      format(s, t))

        try:
            for path in nx.all_shortest_paths(self.subG, s, t):
                yield self.__generate_steps(path)
        except (NetworkXNoPath, NetworkXError, KeyError):
            # NetworkXError: the type is valid but not in graph, e.g.
            # excluded or disconnected due to min weight
            # NetworkXNoPath: no paths or the target type is
            # not in the graph
            # KeyError: work around NetworkX bug
            # when the source node is not in the graph
            pass

    def infoflows(self, type_, out=True):
        """
        Generator which yields all information flows in/out of a
        specified source type.

        Parameters:
        source  The starting type.

        Keyword Parameters:
        out     If true, information flows out of the type will
                be returned.  If false, information flows in to the
                type will be returned.  Default is true.

        Yield: generator(steps)

        steps   A generator that returns the tuple of
                source, target, and rules for each
                information flow.
        """
        s = self.policy.lookup_type(type_)

        if self.rebuildsubgraph:
            self._build_subgraph()

        self.log.info("Generating all information flows {0} {1}".
                      format("out of" if out else "into", s))

        if out:
            flows = self.subG.out_edges_iter(s)
        else:
            flows = self.subG.in_edges_iter(s)

        try:
            for source, target in flows:
                yield Edge(self.subG, source, target)
        except NetworkXError:
            # NetworkXError: the type is valid but not in graph, e.g.
            # excluded or disconnected due to min weight
            pass

    def get_stats(self):  # pragma: no cover
        """
        Get the information flow graph statistics.

        Return: str
        """
        if self.rebuildgraph:
            self._build_graph()

        return nx.info(self.G)

    #
    # Internal functions follow
    #

    def __generate_steps(self, path):
        """
        Generator which returns the source, target, and associated rules
        for each information flow step.

        Parameter:
        path   A list of graph node names representing an information flow path.

        Yield: tuple(source, target, rules)

        source  The source type for this step of the information flow.
        target  The target type for this step of the information flow.
        rules   The list of rules creating this information flow step.
        """
        for s in range(1, len(path)):
            yield Edge(self.subG, path[s - 1], path[s])

    #
    #
    # Graph building functions
    #
    #
    # 1. _build_graph determines the flow in each direction for each TE
    #    rule and then expands the rule.  All information flows are
    #    included in this main graph: memory is traded off for efficiency
    #    as the main graph should only need to be rebuilt if permission
    #    weights change.
    # 2. _build_subgraph derives a subgraph which removes all excluded
    #    types (nodes) and edges (information flows) which are below the
    #    minimum weight. This subgraph is rebuilt only if the main graph
    #    is rebuilt or the minimum weight or excluded types change.

    def _build_graph(self):
        self.G.clear()
        self.G.name = "Information flow graph for {0}.".format(self.policy)

        self.perm_map.map_policy(self.policy)

        self.log.info("Building information flow graph from {0}...".format(self.policy))

        for rule in self.policy.terules():
            if rule.ruletype != "allow":
                continue

            (rweight, wweight) = self.perm_map.rule_weight(rule)

            for s, t in itertools.product(rule.source.expand(), rule.target.expand()):
                # only add flows if they actually flow
                # in or out of the source type type
                if s != t:
                    if wweight:
                        edge = Edge(self.G, s, t, create=True)
                        edge.rules.append(rule)
                        edge.weight = wweight

                    if rweight:
                        edge = Edge(self.G, t, s, create=True)
                        edge.rules.append(rule)
                        edge.weight = rweight

        self.rebuildgraph = False
        self.rebuildsubgraph = True
        self.log.info("Completed building information flow graph.")
        self.log.debug("Graph stats: nodes: {0}, edges: {1}.".format(
            nx.number_of_nodes(self.G),
            nx.number_of_edges(self.G)))

    def _build_subgraph(self):
        if self.rebuildgraph:
            self._build_graph()

        self.log.info("Building information flow subgraph...")
        self.log.debug("Excluding {0!r}".format(self.exclude))
        self.log.debug("Min weight {0}".format(self.min_weight))

        # delete excluded types from subgraph
        nodes = [n for n in self.G.nodes() if n not in self.exclude]
        self.subG = self.G.subgraph(nodes)

        # delete edges below minimum weight.
        # no need if weight is 1, since that
        # does not exclude any edges.
        if self.min_weight > 1:
            delete_list = []
            for s, t in self.subG.edges_iter():
                edge = Edge(self.subG, s, t)
                if edge.weight < self.min_weight:
                    delete_list.append(edge)

            self.subG.remove_edges_from(delete_list)

        self.rebuildsubgraph = False
        self.log.info("Completed building information flow subgraph.")
        self.log.debug("Subgraph stats: nodes: {0}, edges: {1}.".format(
            nx.number_of_nodes(self.subG),
            nx.number_of_edges(self.subG)))


class Edge(object):

    """
    A graph edge.  Also used for returning information flow steps.

    Parameters:
    graph       The NetworkX graph.
    source      The source type of the edge.
    target      The target type of the edge.

    Keyword Parameters:
    create      (T/F) create the edge if it does not exist.
                The default is False.
    """

    rules = EdgeAttrList('rules')

    # use capacity to store the info flow weight so
    # we can use network flow algorithms naturally.
    # The weight for each edge is 1 since each info
    # flow step is no more costly than another
    # (see below add_edge() call)
    weight = EdgeAttrIntMax('capacity')

    def __init__(self, graph, source, target, create=False):
        self.G = graph
        self.source = source
        self.target = target

        if not self.G.has_edge(source, target):
            if create:
                self.G.add_edge(source, target, weight=1)
                self.rules = None
                self.weight = None
            else:
                raise ValueError("Edge does not exist in graph")

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        # This is implemented so this object can be used in NetworkX
        # functions that operate on (source, target) tuples
        if isinstance(key, slice):
            return [self._index_to_item(i) for i in range(* key.indices(2))]
        else:
            return self._index_to_item(key)

    def _index_to_item(self, index):
        """Return source or target based on index."""
        if index == 0:
            return self.source
        elif index == 1:
            return self.target
        else:
            raise IndexError("Invalid index (edges only have 2 items): {0}".format(index))