char    netlib_id[]="\
@(#)netlib.c (c) Copyright 1993-2007 Hewlett-Packard Company. Version 2.4.3";


/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*      netlib.c                                                */
/*                                                              */
/*      the common utility routines available to all...         */
/*                                                              */
/*      establish_control()     establish the control socket    */
/*      calibrate_local_cpu()   do local cpu calibration        */
/*      calibrate_remote_cpu()  do remote cpu calibration       */
/*      send_request()          send a request to the remote    */
/*      recv_response()         receive a response from remote  */
/*      send_response()         send a response to the remote   */
/*      recv_request()          recv a request from the remote  */
/*      dump_request()          dump request contents           */
/*      dump_response()         dump response contents          */
/*      cpu_start()             start measuring cpu             */
/*      cpu_stop()              stop measuring cpu              */
/*      calc_cpu_util()         calculate the cpu utilization   */
/*      calc_service_demand()   calculate the service demand    */
/*      calc_thruput()          calulate the tput in units      */
/*      calibrate()             really calibrate local cpu      */
/*      identify_local()        print local host information    */
/*      identify_remote()       print remote host information   */
/*      format_number()         format the number (KB, MB,etc)  */
/*      format_units()          return the format in english    */
/*      msec_sleep()            sleep for some msecs            */
/*      start_timer()           start a timer                   */
/*                                                              */
/*      the routines you get when WANT_DLPI is defined...         */
/*                                                              */
/*      dl_open()               open a file descriptor and      */
/*                              attach to the card              */
/*      dl_mtu()                find the MTU of the card        */
/*      dl_bind()               bind the sap do the card        */
/*      dl_connect()            sender's have of connect        */
/*      dl_accpet()             receiver's half of connect      */
/*      dl_set_window()         set the window size             */
/*      dl_stats()              retrieve statistics             */
/*      dl_send_disc()          initiate disconnect (sender)    */
/*      dl_recv_disc()          accept disconnect (receiver)    */
/****************************************************************/

/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*      Global include files                                    */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

 /* It would seem that most of the includes being done here from */
 /* "sys/" actually have higher-level wrappers at just /usr/include. */
 /* This is based on a spot-check of a couple systems at my disposal. */
 /* If you have trouble compiling you may want to add "sys/" raj 10/95 */
#include <limits.h>
#include <signal.h>
#ifdef MPE
#  define NSIG _NSIG
#endif /* MPE */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#ifdef HAVE_ENDIAN_H
#include <endian.h>
#endif


#ifndef WIN32
 /* at some point, I would like to get rid of all these "sys/" */
 /* includes where appropriate. if you have a system that requires */
 /* them, speak now, or your system may not comile later revisions of */
 /* netperf. raj 1/96 */
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/times.h>
#ifndef MPE
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#endif /* MPE */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#if !defined(MPE) && !defined(__VMS)
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif /* MPE */

#else /* WIN32 */

#include <process.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#define netperf_socklen_t socklen_t
#include <windows.h>

/* the only time someone should need to define DONT_IPV6 in the
   "sources" file is if they are trying to compile on Windows 2000 or
   NT4 and I suspect this may not be their only problem :) */
#ifndef DONT_IPV6
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#endif

#include <windows.h>

#define SIGALRM (14)
#define sleep(x) Sleep((x)*1000)

#endif /* WIN32 */

#ifdef _AIX
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/sched.h>
#include <sys/pri.h>
#define PRIORITY PRI_LOW
#else/* _AIX */
#ifdef __sgi 
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <sys/schedctl.h>
#define PRIORITY NDPLOMIN
#endif /* __sgi */
#endif /* _AIX */

#ifdef WANT_DLPI
#include <sys/stream.h>
#include <sys/stropts.h>
#include <sys/poll.h>
#ifdef __osf__
#include <sys/dlpihdr.h>
#else /* __osf__ */
#include <sys/dlpi.h>
#ifdef __hpux
#include <sys/dlpi_ext.h>
#endif /* __hpux */
#endif /* __osf__ */
#endif /* WANT_DLPI */

#ifdef HAVE_MPCTL
#include <sys/mpctl.h>
#endif

#if !defined(HAVE_GETADDRINFO) || !defined(HAVE_GETNAMEINFO)
# include "missing/getaddrinfo.h"
#endif


#ifdef WANT_HISTOGRAM
#include "hist.h"
#endif /* WANT_HISTOGRAM */
/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*      Local Include Files                                     */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/
#define NETLIB
#include "netlib.h"
#include "netsh.h"
#include "netcpu.h"

/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*      Global constants, macros and variables                  */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/

#if defined(WIN32) || defined(__VMS)
struct  timezone {
        int     dummy ;
        } ;
#ifndef __VMS
SOCKET     win_kludge_socket = INVALID_SOCKET;
SOCKET     win_kludge_socket2 = INVALID_SOCKET;
#endif /* __VMS */
#endif /* WIN32 || __VMS */

#ifndef LONG_LONG_MAX
#define LONG_LONG_MAX 9223372036854775807LL
#endif /* LONG_LONG_MAX */

 /* older versions of netperf knew about the HP kernel IDLE counter. */
 /* this is now obsolete - in favor of either pstat(), times, or a */
 /* process-level looper process. we also now require support for the */
 /* "long" integer type. raj 4/95.  */

int 
  lib_num_loc_cpus,    /* the number of cpus in the system */
  lib_num_rem_cpus;    /* how many we think are in the remote */

#define PAGES_PER_CHILD 2

int     lib_use_idle;
int     cpu_method;

struct  timeval         time1, time2;
struct  timezone        tz;
float   lib_elapsed,
        lib_local_maxrate,
        lib_remote_maxrate,
        lib_local_cpu_util,
        lib_remote_cpu_util;

float   lib_local_per_cpu_util[MAXCPUS];
int     lib_cpu_map[MAXCPUS];

int     *request_array;
int     *response_array;

/* INVALID_SOCKET == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == (unsigned int)(~0) == -1 */
SOCKET  netlib_control = INVALID_SOCKET;  
SOCKET  server_sock = INVALID_SOCKET;

/* global variables to hold the value for processor affinity */
int     local_proc_affinity,remote_proc_affinity = -1;

/* these are to allow netperf to be run easily through those evil,
   end-to-end breaking things known as firewalls */
char local_data_port[10];
char remote_data_port[10];

char *local_data_address=NULL;
char *remote_data_address=NULL;

int local_data_family=AF_UNSPEC;
int remote_data_family=AF_UNSPEC;

 /* in the past, I was overlaying a structure on an array of ints. now */
 /* I am going to have a "real" structure, and point an array of ints */
 /* at it. the real structure will be forced to the same alignment as */
 /* the type "double." this change will mean that pre-2.1 netperfs */
 /* cannot be mixed with 2.1 and later. raj 11/95 */

union   netperf_request_struct  netperf_request;
union   netperf_response_struct netperf_response;

FILE    *where;

char    libfmt = '?';
        
#ifdef WANT_DLPI
/* some stuff for DLPI control messages */
#define DLPI_DATA_SIZE 2048

unsigned long control_data[DLPI_DATA_SIZE];
struct strbuf control_message = {DLPI_DATA_SIZE, 0, (char *)control_data};

#endif /* WANT_DLPI */

#ifdef WIN32
HANDLE hAlarm = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
#endif

int     times_up;

#ifdef WIN32
 /* we use a getopt implementation from net.sources */
/*
 * get option letter from argument vector
 */
int
        opterr = 1,             /* should error messages be printed? */
        optind = 1,             /* index into parent argv vector */
        optopt;                 /* character checked for validity */
char
        *optarg;                /* argument associated with option */

#define EMSG    ""

#endif /* WIN32 */

static int measuring_cpu;
int
netlib_get_page_size(void) {

 /* not all systems seem to have the sysconf for page size. for
    those  which do not, we will assume that the page size is 8192
    bytes.  this should be more than enough to be sure that there is
    no page  or cache thrashing by looper processes on MP
    systems. otherwise  that's really just too bad - such systems
    should define  _SC_PAGE_SIZE - raj 4/95 */ 

#ifndef _SC_PAGE_SIZE
#ifdef WIN32

SYSTEM_INFO SystemInfo;

 GetSystemInfo(&SystemInfo);

 return SystemInfo.dwPageSize;
#else
 return(8192L);
#endif  /* WIN32 */
#else
 return(sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE));
#endif /* _SC_PAGE_SIZE */

}


#ifdef WANT_INTERVALS
static unsigned int usec_per_itvl;


void
stop_itimer()

{

  struct itimerval new_interval;
  struct itimerval old_interval;

  new_interval.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
  new_interval.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;  
  new_interval.it_value.tv_sec = 0;
  new_interval.it_value.tv_usec = 0;  
  if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL,&new_interval,&old_interval) != 0) {
    /* there was a problem arming the interval timer */ 
    perror("netperf: setitimer");
    exit(1);
  }
  return;
}
#endif /* WANT_INTERVALS */


#ifdef WIN32
static void
error(char *pch)
{
  if (!opterr) {
    return;             /* without printing */
    }
  fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %c\n",
          (NULL != program) ? program : "getopt", pch, optopt);
}

int
getopt(int argc, char **argv, char *ostr)
{
  static char *place = EMSG;    /* option letter processing */
  register char *oli;                   /* option letter list index */
  
  if (!*place) {
    /* update scanning pointer */
      if (optind >= argc || *(place = argv[optind]) != '-' || !*++place) {
        return EOF; 
      }
    if (*place == '-') {
      /* found "--" */
        ++optind;
      place = EMSG ;    /* Added by shiva for Netperf */
        return EOF;
    }
  }
  
  /* option letter okay? */
  if ((optopt = (int)*place++) == (int)':'
      || !(oli = strchr(ostr, optopt))) {
    if (!*place) {
      ++optind;
    }
    error("illegal option");
    return BADCH;
  }
  if (*++oli != ':') {  
    /* don't need argument */
    optarg = NULL;
    if (!*place)
      ++optind;
  } else {
    /* need an argument */
    if (*place) {
      optarg = place;           /* no white space */
    } else  if (argc <= ++optind) {
      /* no arg */
      place = EMSG;
      error("option requires an argument");
      return BADCH;
    } else {
      optarg = argv[optind];            /* white space */
    }
    place = EMSG;
    ++optind;
  }
  return optopt;                        /* return option letter */
}
#endif /* WIN32 */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * WIN32 implementation of perror, does not deal very well with WSA errors
 * The stdlib.h version of perror only deals with the ancient XENIX error codes.
 *
 * +*+SAF Why can't all WSA errors go through GetLastError?  Most seem to...
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifdef WIN32
void PrintWin32Error(FILE *stream, LPSTR text)
{
    LPSTR    szTemp;
    DWORD    dwResult;
    DWORD    dwError;

    dwError = GetLastError();
    dwResult = FormatMessage(
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER|FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |FORMAT_MESSAGE_ARGUMENT_ARRAY,
        NULL, 
        dwError, 
        LANG_NEUTRAL, 
        (LPTSTR)&szTemp, 
        0, 
        NULL );

    if (dwResult)
        fprintf(stream, "%s: %s\n", text, szTemp);
    else
        fprintf(stream, "%s: error 0x%x\n", text, dwError);
	fflush(stream);

    if (szTemp)
        LocalFree((HLOCAL)szTemp);
}
#endif /* WIN32 */


char *
inet_ttos(int type) 
{
  switch (type) {
  case SOCK_DGRAM:
    return("SOCK_DGRAM");
    break;
  case SOCK_STREAM:
    return("SOCK_STREAM");
    break;
  default:
    return("SOCK_UNKNOWN");
  }
}


char unknown[32];

char *
inet_ptos(int protocol) {
  switch (protocol) {
  case IPPROTO_TCP:
    return("IPPROTO_TCP");
    break;
  case IPPROTO_UDP:
    return("IPPROTO_UDP");
    break;
#if defined(IPPROTO_SCTP)
  case IPPROTO_SCTP:
    return("IPPROTO_SCTP");
    break;
#endif
  default:
    snprintf(unknown,sizeof(unknown),"IPPROTO_UNKNOWN(%d)",protocol);
    return(unknown);
  }
}

/* one of these days, this should not be required */
#ifndef AF_INET_SDP
#define AF_INET_SDP 27
#define PF_INET_SDP AF_INET_SDP
#endif 

char *
inet_ftos(int family) 
{
  switch(family) {
  case AF_INET:
    return("AF_INET");
    break;
#if defined(AF_INET6)
  case AF_INET6:
    return("AF_INET6");
    break;
#endif
#if defined(AF_INET_SDP)
  case AF_INET_SDP:
    return("AF_INET_SDP");
    break;
#endif
  default:
    return("AF_UNSPEC");
  }
}

int
inet_nton(int af, const void *src, char *dst, int cnt) 

{

  switch (af) {
  case AF_INET:
    /* magic constants again... :) */
    if (cnt >= 4) {
      memcpy(dst,src,4);
      return 4;
    }
    else {
      Set_errno(ENOSPC);
      return(-1);
    }
    break;
#if defined(AF_INET6)
  case AF_INET6:
    if (cnt >= 16) {
      memcpy(dst,src,16);
      return(16);
    }
    else {
      Set_errno(ENOSPC);
      return(-1);
    }
    break;
#endif
  default:
    Set_errno(EAFNOSUPPORT);
    return(-1);
  }
}

double
ntohd(double net_double)

{
  /* we rely on things being nicely packed */
  union {
    double whole_thing;
    unsigned int words[2];
    unsigned char bytes[8];
  } conv_rec;

  unsigned char scratch;
  int i;

  /* on those systems where ntohl is a no-op, we want to return the */
  /* original value, unchanged */

  if (ntohl(1L) == 1L) {
    return(net_double);
  }

  conv_rec.whole_thing = net_double;

  /* we know that in the message passing routines that ntohl will have */
  /* been called on the 32 bit quantities. we need to put those back */
  /* the way they belong before we swap */
  conv_rec.words[0] = htonl(conv_rec.words[0]);
  conv_rec.words[1] = htonl(conv_rec.words[1]);
  
  /* now swap */
  for (i=0; i<= 3; i++) {
    scratch = conv_rec.bytes[i];
    conv_rec.bytes[i] = conv_rec.bytes[7-i];
    conv_rec.bytes[7-i] = scratch;
  }

#if defined(__FLOAT_WORD_ORDER) && defined(__BYTE_ORDER)
  if (__FLOAT_WORD_ORDER != __BYTE_ORDER) {
    /* Fixup mixed endian floating point machines */
    unsigned int scratch = conv_rec.words[0];
    conv_rec.words[0] = conv_rec.words[1];
    conv_rec.words[1] = scratch;
  }
#endif

  return(conv_rec.whole_thing);
  
}

double
htond(double host_double)

{
  /* we rely on things being nicely packed */
  union {
    double whole_thing;
    unsigned int words[2];
    unsigned char bytes[8];
  } conv_rec;

  unsigned char scratch;
  int i;

  /* on those systems where ntohl is a no-op, we want to return the */
  /* original value, unchanged */

  if (ntohl(1L) == 1L) {
    return(host_double);
  }

  conv_rec.whole_thing = host_double;

  /* now swap */
  for (i=0; i<= 3; i++) {
    scratch = conv_rec.bytes[i];
    conv_rec.bytes[i] = conv_rec.bytes[7-i];
    conv_rec.bytes[7-i] = scratch;
  }
  
#if defined(__FLOAT_WORD_ORDER) && defined(__BYTE_ORDER)
  if (__FLOAT_WORD_ORDER != __BYTE_ORDER) {
    /* Fixup mixed endian floating point machines */
    unsigned int scratch = conv_rec.words[0];
    conv_rec.words[0] = conv_rec.words[1];
    conv_rec.words[1] = scratch;
  }
#endif

  /* we know that in the message passing routines htonl will */
  /* be called on the 32 bit quantities. we need to set things up so */
  /* that when this happens, the proper order will go out on the */
  /* network */
  conv_rec.words[0] = htonl(conv_rec.words[0]);
  conv_rec.words[1] = htonl(conv_rec.words[1]);
  
  return(conv_rec.whole_thing);
  
}


/* one of these days, this should be abstracted-out just like the CPU
   util stuff.  raj 2005-01-27 */
int
get_num_cpus()

{

  /* on HP-UX, even when we use the looper procs we need the pstat */
  /* call */ 

  int temp_cpus;

#ifdef __hpux
#include <sys/pstat.h>

  struct pst_dynamic psd;

  if (pstat_getdynamic((struct pst_dynamic *)&psd, 
                       (size_t)sizeof(psd), (size_t)1, 0) != -1) {
    temp_cpus = psd.psd_proc_cnt;
  }
  else {
    temp_cpus = 1;
  }

#else
  /* MW: <unistd.h> was included for non-Windows systems above. */
  /* Thus if _SC_NPROC_ONLN is defined, we should be able to use sysconf. */
#ifdef _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN
  temp_cpus = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);

#ifdef USE_PERFSTAT
  temp_cpus = perfstat_cpu(NULL,NULL, sizeof(perfstat_cpu_t), 0);
#endif /* USE_PERFSTAT */

#else /* no _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN */

#ifdef WIN32
  SYSTEM_INFO SystemInfo;
  GetSystemInfo(&SystemInfo);
  
  temp_cpus = SystemInfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
#else
  /* we need to know some other ways to do this, or just fall-back on */
  /* a global command line option - raj 4/95 */
  temp_cpus = shell_num_cpus;
#endif  /* WIN32 */
#endif /* _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN */
#endif /*  __hpux */

  if (temp_cpus > MAXCPUS) {
    fprintf(where,
            "Sorry, this system has more CPUs (%d) than I can handle (%d).\n",
            temp_cpus,
            MAXCPUS);
    fprintf(where,
            "Please alter MAXCPUS in netlib.h and recompile.\n");
    fflush(where);
    exit(1);
  }

  return(temp_cpus);
  
}  

#ifdef WIN32
#ifdef __GNUC__
  #define S64_SUFFIX(x) x##LL
#else
  #define S64_SUFFIX(x) x##i64
#endif

/*
 * Number of 100 nanosecond units from 1/1/1601 to 1/1/1970
 */
#define EPOCH_BIAS  S64_SUFFIX(116444736000000000)

/*
 * Union to facilitate converting from FILETIME to unsigned __int64
 */
typedef union {
        unsigned __int64 ft_scalar;
        FILETIME ft_struct;
} FT;

void
gettimeofday( struct timeval *tv , struct timezone *not_used )
{
        FT nt_time;
        __int64 UnixTime;  /* microseconds since 1/1/1970 */

        GetSystemTimeAsFileTime( &(nt_time.ft_struct) );

        UnixTime = ((nt_time.ft_scalar - EPOCH_BIAS) / S64_SUFFIX(10));
        tv->tv_sec = (long)(time_t)(UnixTime / S64_SUFFIX(1000000));
        tv->tv_usec = (unsigned long)(UnixTime % S64_SUFFIX(1000000));
}
#endif /* WIN32 */

     
/************************************************************************/
/*                                                                      */
/*      signal catcher                                                  */
/*                                                                      */
/************************************************************************/

void
#if defined(__hpux) 
catcher(sig, code, scp)
     int sig;
     int code;
     struct sigcontext *scp;
#else 
catcher(int sig)
#endif /* __hpux || __VMS */
{

#ifdef __hpux
  if (debug > 2) {
    fprintf(where,"caught signal %d ",sig);
    if (scp) {
      fprintf(where,"while in syscall %d\n",
              scp->sc_syscall);
    }
    else {
      fprintf(where,"null scp\n");
    }
    fflush(where);
  }
#endif /* RAJ_DEBUG */

  switch(sig) {
    
  case SIGINT:
    fprintf(where,"netperf: caught SIGINT\n");
    fflush(where);
    exit(1);
    break;
  case SIGALRM: 
   if (--test_len_ticks == 0) {
      /* the test is over */
      if (times_up != 0) {
        fprintf(where,"catcher: timer popped with times_up != 0\n");
        fflush(where);
      }
      times_up = 1;
#if defined(WANT_INTERVALS) && !defined(WANT_SPIN)
      stop_itimer();
#endif /* WANT_INTERVALS */
      break;
    }
    else {
#ifdef WANT_INTERVALS
#ifdef __hpux
      /* the test is not over yet and we must have been using the */
      /* interval timer. if we were in SYS_SIGSUSPEND we want to */
      /* re-start the system call. Otherwise, we want to get out of */
      /* the sigsuspend call. I NEED TO KNOW HOW TO DO THIS FOR OTHER */
      /* OPERATING SYSTEMS. If you know how, please let me know. rick */
      /* jones <raj@cup.hp.com> */
      if (scp->sc_syscall != SYS_SIGSUSPEND) {
        if (debug > 2) {
          fprintf(where,
                  "catcher: Time to send burst > interval!\n");
          fflush(where);
        }
        scp->sc_syscall_action = SIG_RESTART;
      }
#endif /* __hpux */
#else /* WANT_INTERVALS */
      fprintf(where,
              "catcher: interval timer running unexpectedly!\n");
      fflush(where);
      times_up = 1;
#endif /* WANT_INTERVALS */      
      break;
    }
  }
  return;
}


void
install_signal_catchers()

{
  /* just a simple little routine to catch a bunch of signals */

#ifndef WIN32
  struct sigaction action;
  int i;

  fprintf(where,"installing catcher for all signals\n");
  fflush(where);

  sigemptyset(&(action.sa_mask));
  action.sa_handler = catcher;

#ifdef SA_INTERRUPT
  action.sa_flags = SA_INTERRUPT;
#else /* SA_INTERRUPT */
  action.sa_flags = 0;
#endif /* SA_INTERRUPT */


  for (i = 1; i <= NSIG; i++) {
    if (i != SIGALRM) {
      if (sigaction(i,&action,NULL) != 0) {
        fprintf(where,
                "Could not install signal catcher for sig %d, errno %d\n",
                i,
                errno);
        fflush(where);

      }
    }
  }
#else
  return;
#endif /* WIN32 */ 
}


#ifdef WIN32
#define SIGALRM (14)
void
emulate_alarm( int seconds )
{
	DWORD ErrorCode;

	/* Wait on this event for parm seconds. */

	ErrorCode = WaitForSingleObject(hAlarm, seconds*1000);
	if (ErrorCode == WAIT_FAILED)
	{
		perror("WaitForSingleObject failed");
		exit(1);
	}

	if (ErrorCode == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
	{
	  /* WaitForSingleObject timed out; this means the timer
	     wasn't canceled. */

        times_up = 1;

        /* We have yet to find a good way to fully emulate the effects */
        /* of signals and getting EINTR from system calls under */
        /* winsock, so what we do here is close the socket out from */
        /* under the other thread.  It is rather kludgy, but should be */
        /* sufficient to get this puppy shipped.  The concept can be */
        /* attributed/blamed :) on Robin raj 1/96 */

        if (win_kludge_socket != INVALID_SOCKET) {
          closesocket(win_kludge_socket);
        }
        if (win_kludge_socket2 != INVALID_SOCKET) {
          closesocket(win_kludge_socket2);
        }
	}
}

#endif /* WIN32 */

void
start_timer(int time)
{

#ifdef WIN32
	/*+*+SAF What if StartTimer is called twice without the first timer */
	/*+*+SAF expiring? */

	DWORD  thread_id ;
	HANDLE tHandle;

	if (hAlarm == (HANDLE) INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		/* Create the Alarm event object */
		hAlarm = CreateEvent( 
			(LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES) NULL,	  /* no security */
			FALSE,	 /* auto reset event */
			FALSE,   /* init. state = reset */
			(void *)NULL);  /* unnamed event object */
		if (hAlarm == (HANDLE) INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		{
			perror("CreateEvent failure");
			exit(1);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		ResetEvent(hAlarm);
	}


	tHandle = CreateThread(0,
					       0,
						   (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)emulate_alarm,
						   (LPVOID)(ULONG_PTR)time,
						   0,		
						   &thread_id ) ;
	CloseHandle(tHandle);

#else /* not WIN32 */

struct sigaction action;

if (debug) {
  fprintf(where,"About to start a timer for %d seconds.\n",time);
  fflush(where);
}

  action.sa_handler = catcher;
  sigemptyset(&(action.sa_mask));
  sigaddset(&(action.sa_mask),SIGALRM);

#ifdef SA_INTERRUPT
  /* on some systems (SunOS 4.blah), system calls are restarted. we do */
  /* not want that */
  action.sa_flags = SA_INTERRUPT;
#else /* SA_INTERRUPT */
  action.sa_flags = 0;
#endif /* SA_INTERRUPT */

  if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &action, NULL) < 0) {
    fprintf(where,"start_timer: error installing alarm handler ");
    fprintf(where,"errno %d\n",errno);
    fflush(where);
    exit(1);
  }

  /* this is the easy case - just set the timer for so many seconds */ 
  if (alarm(time) != 0) {
    fprintf(where,
            "error starting alarm timer, errno %d\n",
            errno);
    fflush(where);
  }
#endif /* WIN32 */

  test_len_ticks = 1;

} 


 /* this routine will disable any running timer */
void
stop_timer()
{
#ifndef WIN32
  alarm(0);
#else
  /* at some point we may need some win32 equivalent */
  	if (hAlarm != (HANDLE) INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		SetEvent(hAlarm);
	}
#endif /* WIN32 */

}


#ifdef WANT_INTERVALS
 /* this routine will enable the interval timer and set things up so */
 /* that for a timed test the test will end at the proper time. it */
 /* should detect the presence of POSIX.4 timer_* routines one of */
 /* these days */
void
start_itimer(unsigned int interval_len_msec )
{

  unsigned int ticks_per_itvl;

  struct itimerval new_interval;
  struct itimerval old_interval;

  /* if -DWANT_INTERVALS was used, we will use the ticking of the itimer to */
  /* tell us when the test is over. while the user will be specifying */
  /* some number of milliseconds, we know that the interval timer is */
  /* really in units of 1/HZ. so, to prevent the test from running */
  /* "long" it would be necessary to keep this in mind when calculating */
  /* the number of itimer events */

  ticks_per_itvl = ((interval_wate * sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) * 1000) / 
                    1000000);

  if (ticks_per_itvl == 0) ticks_per_itvl = 1;

  /* how many usecs in each interval? */
  usec_per_itvl = ticks_per_itvl * (1000000 / sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK));

  /* how many times will the timer pop before the test is over? */
  if (test_time > 0) {
    /* this was a timed test */
    test_len_ticks = (test_time * 1000000) / usec_per_itvl;
  }
  else {
    /* this was not a timed test, use MAXINT */
    test_len_ticks = INT_MAX;
  }

  if (debug) {
    fprintf(where,"setting the interval timer to %d sec %d usec ",
            usec_per_itvl / 1000000,
            usec_per_itvl % 1000000);
    fprintf(where,"test len %d ticks\n",
            test_len_ticks);
    fflush(where);
  }

  /* if this was not a timed test, then we really aught to enable the */
  /* signal catcher raj 2/95 */

  new_interval.it_interval.tv_sec = usec_per_itvl / 1000000;
  new_interval.it_interval.tv_usec = usec_per_itvl % 1000000;  
  new_interval.it_value.tv_sec = usec_per_itvl / 1000000;
  new_interval.it_value.tv_usec = usec_per_itvl % 1000000;  
  if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL,&new_interval,&old_interval) != 0) {
    /* there was a problem arming the interval timer */ 
    perror("netperf: setitimer");
    exit(1);
  }
}
#endif /* WANT_INTERVALS */

void
netlib_init_cpu_map() {

  int i;
#ifdef HAVE_MPCTL
  int num;
  i = 0;
  /* I go back and forth on whether this should be the system-wide set
     of calls, or if the processor set versions (sans the _SYS) should
     be used.  at the moment I believe that the system-wide version
     should be used. raj 2006-04-03 */
  num = mpctl(MPC_GETNUMSPUS_SYS,0,0);
  lib_cpu_map[i] = mpctl(MPC_GETFIRSTSPU_SYS,0,0);
  for (i = 1;((i < num) && (i < MAXCPUS)); i++) {
    lib_cpu_map[i] = mpctl(MPC_GETNEXTSPU_SYS,lib_cpu_map[i-1],0);
  }
  /* from here, we set them all to -1 because if we launch more
     loopers than actual CPUs, well, I'm not sure why :) */
  for (; i < MAXCPUS; i++) {
    lib_cpu_map[i] = -1;
  }

#else
  /* we assume that there is indeed a contiguous mapping */
  for (i = 0; i < MAXCPUS; i++) {
    lib_cpu_map[i] = i;
  }
#endif
}


/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*      netlib_init()                                           */
/*                                                              */
/*      initialize the performance library...                   */
/*                                                              */
/****************************************************************/

void
netlib_init()
{
  int i;

  where            = stdout;

  request_array = (int *)(&netperf_request);
  response_array = (int *)(&netperf_response);

  for (i = 0; i < MAXCPUS; i++) {
    lib_local_per_cpu_util[i] = 0.0;
  }

  /* on those systems where we know that CPU numbers may not start at
     zero and be contiguous, we provide a way to map from a
     contiguous, starting from 0 CPU id space to the actual CPU ids.
     at present this is only used for the netcpu_looper stuff because
     we ass-u-me that someone setting processor affinity from the
     netperf commandline will provide a "proper" CPU identifier. raj
     2006-04-03 */

  netlib_init_cpu_map();

  if (debug) {
    fprintf(where,
            "netlib_init: request_array at %p\n",
            request_array);
    fprintf(where,
            "netlib_init: response_array at %p\n",
            response_array);

    fflush(where);
  }

}

 /* this routine will conver the string into an unsigned integer. it */
 /* is used primarily for the command-line options taking a number */
 /* (such as the socket size) which could be rather large. If someone */
 /* enters 32M, then the number will be converted to 32 * 1024 * 1024. */
 /* If they inter 32m, the number will be converted to 32 * 1000 * */
 /* 1000 */
unsigned int
convert(char *string)

{
  unsigned int base;
  base = atoi(string);
  if (strstr(string,"K")) {
    base *= 1024;
  }
  if (strstr(string,"M")) {
    base *= (1024 * 1024);
  }
  if (strstr(string,"G")) {
    base *= (1024 * 1024 * 1024);
  }
  if (strstr(string,"k")) {
    base *= (1000);
  }
  if (strstr(string,"m")) {
    base *= (1000 * 1000);
  }
  if (strstr(string,"g")) {
    base *= (1000 * 1000 * 1000);
  }
  return(base);
}

/* this routine is like convert, but it is used for an interval time
   specification instead of stuff like socket buffer or send sizes.
   it converts everything to microseconds for internal use.  if there
   is an 'm' at the end it assumes the user provided milliseconds, s
   will imply seconds, u will imply microseconds.  in the future n
   will imply nanoseconds but for now it will be ignored. if there is
   no suffix or an unrecognized suffix, it will be assumed the user
   provided milliseconds, which was the long-time netperf default. one
   of these days, we should probably revisit that nanosecond business
   wrt the return value being just an int rather than a uint64_t or
   something.  raj 2006-02-06 */

unsigned int
convert_timespec(char *string) {

  unsigned int base;
  base = atoi(string);
  if (strstr(string,"m")) {
    base *= 1000;
  }
  else if (strstr(string,"u")) {
    base *= (1);
  }
  else if (strstr(string,"s")) {
    base *= (1000 * 1000);
  }
  else {
    base *= (1000);
  }
  return(base);
}


 /* this routine will allocate a circular list of buffers for either */
 /* send or receive operations. each of these buffers will be aligned */
 /* and offset as per the users request. the circumference of this */
 /* ring will be controlled by the setting of send_width. the buffers */
 /* will be filled with data from the file specified in fill_file. if */
 /* fill_file is an empty string, the buffers will not be filled with */
 /* any particular data */

struct ring_elt *
allocate_buffer_ring(int width, int buffer_size, int alignment, int offset)
{

  struct ring_elt *first_link = NULL;
  struct ring_elt *temp_link  = NULL;
  struct ring_elt *prev_link;

  int i;
  int malloc_size;
  int bytes_left;
  int bytes_read;
  int do_fill;

  FILE *fill_source;
  char default_fill[] = "netperf";
  int  fill_cursor = 0;

  malloc_size = buffer_size + alignment + offset;

  /* did the user wish to have the buffers pre-filled with data from a */
  /* particular source? */
  if (strcmp(fill_file,"") == 0) {
    do_fill = 0;
    fill_source = NULL;
  }
  else {
    do_fill = 1;
    fill_source = (FILE *)fopen(fill_file,"r");
    if (fill_source == (FILE *)NULL) {
      perror("Could not open requested fill file");
      exit(1);
    }
  }

  assert(width >= 1);

  prev_link = NULL;
  for (i = 1; i <= width; i++) {
    /* get the ring element */
    temp_link = (struct ring_elt *)malloc(sizeof(struct ring_elt));
    if (temp_link == NULL) {
      printf("malloc(%zu) failed!\n", sizeof(struct ring_elt));
      exit(1);
    }
    /* remember the first one so we can close the ring at the end */
    if (i == 1) {
      first_link = temp_link;
    }
    temp_link->buffer_base = (char *)malloc(malloc_size);
    if (temp_link == NULL) {
      printf("malloc(%d) failed!\n", malloc_size);
      exit(1);
	}

#ifndef WIN32
    temp_link->buffer_ptr = (char *)(( (long)(temp_link->buffer_base) + 
                          (long)alignment - 1) &        
                         ~((long)alignment - 1));
#else
    temp_link->buffer_ptr = (char *)(( (ULONG_PTR)(temp_link->buffer_base) + 
                          (ULONG_PTR)alignment - 1) &   
                         ~((ULONG_PTR)alignment - 1));
#endif
    temp_link->buffer_ptr += offset;
    /* is where the buffer fill code goes. */
    if (do_fill) {
      char *bufptr = temp_link->buffer_ptr;
      bytes_left = buffer_size;
      while (bytes_left) {
        if (((bytes_read = (int)fread(bufptr,
				      1,
				      bytes_left,
				      fill_source)) == 0) &&
            (feof(fill_source))){
          rewind(fill_source);
        }
	bufptr += bytes_read;
        bytes_left -= bytes_read;
      }
    }
    else {
      /* use the default fill to ID our data traffic on the
	 network. it ain't exactly pretty, but it should work */
      int j;
      char *bufptr = temp_link->buffer_ptr;
      for (j = 0; j < buffer_size; j++) {
	bufptr[j] = default_fill[fill_cursor];
	fill_cursor += 1;
	/* the Windows DDK compiler with an x86_64 target wants a cast
	   here */
	if (fill_cursor >  (int)strlen(default_fill)) {
	  fill_cursor = 0;
	}
      }

    }
    temp_link->next = prev_link;
    prev_link = temp_link;
  }
  if (first_link) {  /* SAF Prefast made me do it... */
    first_link->next = temp_link;
  }

  return(first_link); /* it's a circle, doesn't matter which we return */
}

/* this routine will dirty the first dirty_count bytes of the
   specified buffer and/or read clean_count bytes from the buffer. it
   will go N bytes at a time, the only question is how large should N
   be and if we should be going continguously, or based on some
   assumption of cache line size */

void
access_buffer(char *buffer_ptr,int length, int dirty_count, int clean_count) {

  char *temp_buffer;
  char *limit;
  int  i, dirty_totals;

  temp_buffer = buffer_ptr;
  limit = temp_buffer + length;
  dirty_totals = 0;

  for (i = 0; 
       ((i < dirty_count) && (temp_buffer < limit));
       i++) {
    *temp_buffer += (char)i;
    dirty_totals += *temp_buffer;
    temp_buffer++;
  }

  for (i = 0; 
       ((i < clean_count) && (temp_buffer < limit));
       i++) {
    dirty_totals += *temp_buffer;
    temp_buffer++;
  }

  if (debug > 100) {
    fprintf(where,
	    "This was here to try to avoid dead-code elimination %d\n",
	    dirty_totals);
    fflush(where);
  }
}


#ifdef HAVE_ICSC_EXS

#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/exs.h>

 /* this routine will allocate a circular list of buffers for either */
 /* send or receive operations. each of these buffers will be aligned */
 /* and offset as per the users request. the circumference of this */
 /* ring will be controlled by the setting of send_width. the buffers */
 /* will be filled with data from the file specified in fill_file. if */
 /* fill_file is an empty string, the buffers will not be filled with */
 /* any particular data */

struct ring_elt *
allocate_exs_buffer_ring (int width, int buffer_size, int alignment, int offset, exs_mhandle_t *mhandlep)
{

    struct ring_elt *first_link;
    struct ring_elt *temp_link;
    struct ring_elt *prev_link;

    int i;
    int malloc_size;
    int bytes_left;
    int bytes_read;
    int do_fill;

    FILE *fill_source;

    int mmap_size;
    char *mmap_buffer, *mmap_buffer_aligned;

    malloc_size = buffer_size + alignment + offset;

    /* did the user wish to have the buffers pre-filled with data from a */
    /* particular source? */
    if (strcmp (fill_file, "") == 0) {
        do_fill = 0;
        fill_source = NULL;
    } else {
        do_fill = 1;
        fill_source = (FILE *) fopen (fill_file, "r");
        if (fill_source == (FILE *) NULL) {
            perror ("Could not open requested fill file");
            exit (1);
        }
    }

    assert (width >= 1);

    if (debug) {
        fprintf (where, "allocate_exs_buffer_ring: "
                 "width=%d buffer_size=%d alignment=%d offset=%d\n",
                 width, buffer_size, alignment, offset);
    }

    /* allocate shared memory */
    mmap_size = width * malloc_size;
    mmap_buffer = (char *) mmap ((caddr_t)NULL, mmap_size+NBPG-1,
                                 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
                                 MAP_SHARED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
    if (mmap_buffer == NULL) {
        perror ("allocate_exs_buffer_ring: mmap failed");
        exit (1);
    }
    mmap_buffer_aligned = (char *) ((uintptr_t)mmap_buffer & ~(NBPG-1));
    if (debug) {
        fprintf (where, "allocate_exs_buffer_ring: "
                 "mmap buffer size=%d address=0x%p aligned=0x%p\n",
                 mmap_size, mmap_buffer, mmap_buffer_aligned);
    }

    /* register shared memory */
    *mhandlep = exs_mregister ((void *)mmap_buffer_aligned, (size_t)mmap_size, 0);
    if (*mhandlep == EXS_MHANDLE_INVALID) {
        perror ("allocate_exs_buffer_ring: exs_mregister failed");
        exit (1);
    }
    if (debug) {
        fprintf (where, "allocate_exs_buffer_ring: mhandle=%d\n",
                 *mhandlep);
    }

    /* allocate ring elements */
    first_link = (struct ring_elt *) malloc (width * sizeof (struct ring_elt));
    if (first_link == NULL) {
        printf ("malloc(%d) failed!\n", width * sizeof (struct ring_elt));
        exit (1);
    }

    /* initialize buffer ring */
    prev_link = first_link + width - 1;

    for (i = 0, temp_link = first_link; i < width; i++, temp_link++) {

        temp_link->buffer_base = (char *) mmap_buffer_aligned + (i*malloc_size);
#ifndef WIN32
        temp_link->buffer_ptr = (char *)
            (((long)temp_link->buffer_base + (long)alignment - 1) &
             ~((long)alignment - 1));
#else
        temp_link->buffer_ptr = (char *)
            (((ULONG_PTR)temp_link->buffer_base + (ULONG_PTR)alignment - 1) &
             ~((ULONG_PTR)alignment - 1));
#endif
        temp_link->buffer_ptr += offset;

        if (debug) {
            fprintf (where, "allocate_exs_buffer_ring: "
                     "buffer: index=%d base=0x%p ptr=0x%p\n",
                     i, temp_link->buffer_base, temp_link->buffer_ptr);
        }

        /* is where the buffer fill code goes. */
        if (do_fill) {
            bytes_left = buffer_size;
            while (bytes_left) {
                if (((bytes_read = (int) fread (temp_link->buffer_ptr,
                                                1,
                                                bytes_left,
                                                fill_source)) == 0) &&
                    (feof (fill_source))) {
                    rewind (fill_source);
                }
                bytes_left -= bytes_read;
            }
        }

        /* do linking */
        prev_link->next = temp_link;
        prev_link = temp_link;
    }

    return (first_link);        /* it's a circle, doesn't matter which we return */
}

#endif /* HAVE_ICSC_EXS */


#ifdef HAVE_SENDFILE
/* this routine will construct a ring of sendfile_ring_elt structs
   that the routine sendfile_tcp_stream() will use to get parameters
   to its calls to sendfile(). It will setup the ring to point at the
   file specified in the global -F option that is already used to
   pre-fill buffers in the send() case. 08/2000

   if there is no file specified in a global -F option, we will create
   a tempoarary file and fill it with random data and use that
   instead.  raj 2007-08-09 */

struct sendfile_ring_elt *
alloc_sendfile_buf_ring(int width,
                        int buffer_size,
                        int alignment,
                        int offset)

{

  struct sendfile_ring_elt *first_link = NULL;
  struct sendfile_ring_elt *temp_link  = NULL;
  struct sendfile_ring_elt *prev_link;
  
  int i;
  int fildes;
  struct stat statbuf;

  /* if the user has not specified a file with the -F option, we will
     fail the test. otherwise, go ahead and try to open the
     file. 08/2000 */
  if (strcmp(fill_file,"") == 0) {
    /* use an temp file for the fill file */
    char *temp_file;
    int *temp_buffer;
    
    /* make sure we have at least an ints worth, even if the user is
       using an insane buffer size for a sendfile test. we are
       ass-u-me-ing that malloc will return something at least aligned
       on an int boundary... */
    temp_buffer = (int *) malloc(buffer_size + sizeof(int));
    if (temp_buffer) {
      /* ok, we have the buffer we are going to write, lets get a
	 temporary filename */
      temp_file = tmpnam(NULL);
      if (NULL != temp_file) {
	fildes = open(temp_file,O_RDWR | O_EXCL | O_CREAT,0600);
	if (-1 != fildes) {
	  int count;
	  int *int_ptr;

	  /* initialize the random number generator */
	  srand(getpid());

	  /* unlink the file so it goes poof when we
	     exit. unless/until shown to be a problem we will
	     blissfully ignore the return value. raj 2007-08-09 */
	  unlink(temp_file);

	  /* now fill-out the file with at least buffer_size * width bytes */
	  for (count = 0; count < width; count++) {
	    /* fill the buffer with random data.  it doesn't have to be
	       really random, just "random enough" :) we do this here rather
	       than up above because we want each write to the file to be
	       different random data */
	    int_ptr = temp_buffer;
	    for (i = 0; i <= buffer_size/sizeof(int); i++) {
	      *int_ptr = rand();
	      int_ptr++;
	    }
	    if (write(fildes,temp_buffer,buffer_size+sizeof(int)) !=
		buffer_size + sizeof(int)) {
	      perror("allocate_sendfile_buf_ring: incomplete write");
	      exit(-1);
	    }
	  }
	}
	else {
	  perror("allocate_sendfile_buf_ring: could not open tempfile");
	  exit(-1);
	}
      }
      else {
	perror("allocate_sendfile_buf_ring: could not allocate temp name");
	exit(-1);
      }
    }
    else {
      perror("alloc_sendfile_buf_ring: could not allocate buffer for file");
      exit(-1);
    }
  }
  else {
    /* the user pointed us at a file, so try it */
    fildes = open(fill_file , O_RDONLY);
    if (fildes == -1){
      perror("alloc_sendfile_buf_ring: Could not open requested file");
      exit(1);
    }
    /* make sure there is enough file there to allow us to make a
       complete ring. that way we do not need additional logic in the
       ring setup to deal with wrap-around issues. we might want that
       someday, but not just now. 08/2000 */
    if (stat(fill_file,&statbuf) != 0) {
      perror("alloc_sendfile_buf_ring: could not stat file");
      exit(1);
    }
    if (statbuf.st_size < (width * buffer_size)) {
      /* the file is too short */
      fprintf(stderr,"alloc_sendfile_buf_ring: specified file too small.\n");
      fprintf(stderr,"file must be larger than send_width * send_size\n");
      fflush(stderr);
      exit(1);
    }
  }
  
  /* so, at this point we know that fildes is a descriptor which
     references a file of sufficient size for our nefarious
     porpoises. raj 2007-08-09 */

  prev_link = NULL;
  for (i = 1; i <= width; i++) {
    /* get the ring element. we should probably make sure the malloc() 
     was successful, but for now we'll just let the code bomb
     mysteriously. 08/2000 */

    temp_link = (struct sendfile_ring_elt *)
      malloc(sizeof(struct sendfile_ring_elt));
    if (temp_link == NULL) {
      printf("malloc(%u) failed!\n", sizeof(struct sendfile_ring_elt));
      exit(1);
	}

    /* remember the first one so we can close the ring at the end */

    if (i == 1) {
      first_link = temp_link;
    }

    /* now fill-in the fields of the structure with the apropriate
       stuff. just how should we deal with alignment and offset I
       wonder? until something better comes-up, I think we will just
       ignore them. 08/2000 */

    temp_link->fildes = fildes;      /* from which file do we send? */
    temp_link->offset = offset;      /* starting at which offset? */
    offset += buffer_size;           /* get ready for the next elt */
    temp_link->length = buffer_size; /* how many bytes to send */
    temp_link->hdtrl = NULL;         /* no header or trailer */
    temp_link->flags = 0;            /* no flags */

    /* is where the buffer fill code went. */

    temp_link->next = prev_link;
    prev_link = temp_link;
  }
  /* close the ring */
  first_link->next = temp_link;
  
  return(first_link); /* it's a dummy ring */
}

#endif /* HAVE_SENDFILE */


 /***********************************************************************/
 /*                                                                     */
 /*     dump_request()                                                  */
 /*                                                                     */
 /* display the contents of the request array to the user. it will      */
 /* display the contents in decimal, hex, and ascii, with four bytes    */
 /* per line.                                                           */
 /*                                                                     */
 /***********************************************************************/

void
dump_request()
{
size_t counter = 0;
fprintf(where,"request contents:\n");
for (counter = 0; counter < ((sizeof(netperf_request)/4)-3); counter += 4) {
  fprintf(where,"%zu:\t%8x %8x %8x %8x \t|%4.4s| |%4.4s| |%4.4s| |%4.4s|\n",
          counter,
          request_array[counter],
          request_array[counter+1],
          request_array[counter+2],
          request_array[counter+3],
          (char *)&request_array[counter],
          (char *)&request_array[counter+1],
          (char *)&request_array[counter+2],
          (char *)&request_array[counter+3]);
}
fflush(where);
}


 /***********************************************************************/
 /*                                                                     */
 /*     dump_response()                                                 */
 /*                                                                     */
 /* display the content of the response array to the user. it will      */
 /* display the contents in decimal, hex, and ascii, with four bytes    */
 /* per line.                                                           */
 /*                                                                     */
 /***********************************************************************/

void
dump_response()
{
size_t counter = 0;

fprintf(where,"response contents\n");
for (counter = 0; counter < ((sizeof(netperf_response)/4)-3); counter += 4) {
  fprintf(where,"%zu:\t%8x %8x %8x %8x \t>%4.4s< >%4.4s< >%4.4s< >%4.4s<\n",
          counter,
          response_array[counter],
          response_array[counter+1],
          response_array[counter+2],
          response_array[counter+3],
          (char *)&response_array[counter],
          (char *)&response_array[counter+1],
          (char *)&response_array[counter+2],
          (char *)&response_array[counter+3]);
}
fflush(where);
}

 /*

      format_number()                                                 
                                                                    
  return a pointer to a formatted string containing the value passed
  translated into the units specified. It assumes that the base units
  are bytes. If the format calls for bits, it will use SI units (10^)
  if the format calls for bytes, it will use CS units (2^)...  This
  routine should look familiar to uses of the latest ttcp...

  we would like to use "t" or "T" for transactions, but probably
  should leave those for terabits and terabytes respectively, so for
  transactions, we will use "x" which will, by default, do absolutely
  nothing to the result.  why?  so we don't have to special case code
  elsewhere such as in the TCP_RR-as-bidirectional test case.

 */
 

char *
format_number(double number)
{
  static  char    fmtbuf[64];
        
  switch (libfmt) {
  case 'K':
    snprintf(fmtbuf, sizeof(fmtbuf),  "%-7.2f" , number / 1024.0);
    break;
  case 'M':
    snprintf(fmtbuf, sizeof(fmtbuf),  "%-7.2f", number / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
    break;
  case 'G':
    snprintf(fmtbuf, sizeof(fmtbuf),  "%-7.2f", number / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
    break;
  case 'k':
    snprintf(fmtbuf, sizeof(fmtbuf),  "%-7.2f", number * 8 / 1000.0);
    break;
  case 'm':
    snprintf(fmtbuf, sizeof(fmtbuf),  "%-7.2f", number * 8 / 1000.0 / 1000.0);
    break;
  case 'g':
    snprintf(fmtbuf, sizeof(fmtbuf),  "%-7.2f", number * 8 / 1000.0 / 1000.0 / 1000.0);
    break;
  case 'x':
    snprintf(fmtbuf, sizeof(fmtbuf),  "%-7.2f", number);
    break;
  default:
    snprintf(fmtbuf, sizeof(fmtbuf),  "%-7.2f", number / 1024.0);
  }

  return fmtbuf;
}

char
format_cpu_method(int method)
{

  char method_char;

  switch (method) {
  case CPU_UNKNOWN:
    method_char = 'U';
    break;
  case HP_IDLE_COUNTER:
    method_char = 'I';
    break;
  case PSTAT:
    method_char = 'P';
    break;
  case KSTAT:
    method_char = 'K';
    break;
  case KSTAT_10:
    method_char = 'M';
    break;
  case PERFSTAT:
    method_char = 'E';
    break;
  case TIMES:             /* historical only, completely unsuitable
			     for netperf's purposes */
    method_char = 'T';
    break;
  case GETRUSAGE:         /* historical only, completely unsuitable
			     for netperf;s purposes */
    method_char = 'R';
    break;
  case LOOPER:
    method_char = 'L';
    break;
  case NT_METHOD:
    method_char = 'N';
    break;
  case PROC_STAT:
    method_char = 'S';
    break;
  case SYSCTL:
    method_char = 'C';
    break;
  case OSX:
    method_char = 'O';
    break;
  default:
    method_char = '?';
  }
  
  return method_char;

}

char *
format_units()
{
  static        char    unitbuf[64];
  
  switch (libfmt) {
  case 'K':
    strcpy(unitbuf, "KBytes");
    break;
  case 'M':
    strcpy(unitbuf, "MBytes");
    break;
  case 'G':
    strcpy(unitbuf, "GBytes");
    break;
  case 'k':
    strcpy(unitbuf, "10^3bits");
    break;
  case 'm':
    strcpy(unitbuf, "10^6bits");
    break;
  case 'g':
    strcpy(unitbuf, "10^9bits");
    break;
  case 'x':
    strcpy(unitbuf, "Trans");
    break;
    
  default:
    strcpy(unitbuf, "KBytes");
  }
  
  return unitbuf;
}


/****************************************************************/
/*                                                              */
/*      shutdown_control()                                      */
/*                                                              */
/* tear-down the control connection between me and the server.  */
/****************************************************************/

void 
shutdown_control()
{

  char  *buf = (char *)&netperf_response;
  int   buflen = sizeof(netperf_response);

  /* stuff for select, use fd_set for better compliance */
  fd_set        readfds;
  struct        timeval timeout;

  if (debug) {
    fprintf(where,
            "shutdown_control: shutdown of control connection requested.\n");
    fflush(where);
  }

  /* first, we say that we will be sending no more data on the */
  /* connection */
  if (shutdown(netlib_control,1) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
    Print_errno(where,
            "shutdown_control: error in shutdown");
    fflush(where);
    exit(1);
  }

  /* Now, we hang on a select waiting for the socket to become */
  /* readable to receive the shutdown indication from the remote. this */
  /* will be "just" like the recv_response() code */

  /* we only select once. it is assumed that if the response is split */
  /* (which should not be happening, that we will receive the whole */
  /* thing and not have a problem ;-) */

  FD_ZERO(&readfds);
  FD_SET(netlib_control,&readfds);
  timeout.tv_sec  = 60; /* wait one minute then punt */
  timeout.tv_usec = 0;

  /* select had better return one, or there was either a problem or a */
  /* timeout... */
  if (select(FD_SETSIZE,
             &readfds,
             0,
             0,
             &timeout) != 1) {
    Print_errno(where,
            "shutdown_control: no response received");
    fflush(where);
    exit(1);
  }

  /* we now assume that the socket has come ready for reading */
  recv(netlib_control, buf, buflen,0);

}

/* 
  bind_to_specific_processor will bind the calling process to the
  processor in "processor"  It has lots of ugly ifdefs to deal with
  all the different ways systems do processor affinity.  this is a
  generalization of work initially done by stephen burger.  raj
  2004/12/13 */

void
bind_to_specific_processor(int processor_affinity, int use_cpu_map)
{

  int mapped_affinity;

  /* this is in place because the netcpu_looper processor affinity
     ass-u-me-s a contiguous CPU id space starting with 0. for the
     regular netperf/netserver affinity, we ass-u-me the user has used
     a suitable CPU id even when the space is not contiguous and
     starting from zero */
  if (use_cpu_map) {
    mapped_affinity = lib_cpu_map[processor_affinity];
  }
  else {
    mapped_affinity = processor_affinity;
  }

#ifdef HAVE_MPCTL
  /* indeed, at some point it would be a good idea to check the return
     status and pass-along notification of error... raj 2004/12/13 */
  mpctl(MPC_SETPROCESS_FORCE, mapped_affinity, getpid());
#elif HAVE_PROCESSOR_BIND
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/processor.h>
#include <sys/procset.h>
  processor_bind(P_PID,P_MYID,mapped_affinity,NULL);
#elif HAVE_BINDPROCESSOR
#include <sys/processor.h>
  /* this is the call on AIX.  It takes a "what" of BINDPROCESS or
     BINDTHRAD, then "who" and finally "where" which is a CPU number
     or it seems PROCESSOR_CLASS_ANY there also seems to be a mycpu()
     call to return the current CPU assignment.  this is all based on
     the sys/processor.h include file.  from empirical testing, it
     would seem that the my_cpu() call returns the current CPU on
     which we are running rather than the CPU binding, so it's return
     value will not tell you if you are bound vs unbound. */
  bindprocessor(BINDPROCESS,getpid(),(cpu_t)mapped_affinity);
#elif HAVE_SCHED_SETAFFINITY
#include <sched.h>
  /* in theory this should cover systems with more CPUs than bits in a
     long, without having to specify __USE_GNU.  we "cheat" by taking
     defines from /usr/include/bits/sched.h, which we ass-u-me is
     included by <sched.h>.  If they are not there we will just
     fall-back on what we had before, which is to use just the size of
     an unsigned long. raj 2006-09-14 */

#if defined(__CPU_SETSIZE)
#define NETPERF_CPU_SETSIZE __CPU_SETSIZE
#define NETPERF_CPU_SET(cpu, cpusetp)  __CPU_SET(cpu, cpusetp)
#define NETPERF_CPU_ZERO(cpusetp)      __CPU_ZERO (cpusetp)
  typedef cpu_set_t netperf_cpu_set_t;
#else
#define NETPERF_CPU_SETSIZE sizeof(unsigned long)
#define NETPERF_CPU_SET(cpu, cpusetp) *cpusetp = 1 << cpu
#define NETPERF_CPU_ZERO(cpusetp) *cpusetp = (unsigned long)0
  typedef unsigned long netperf_cpu_set_t;
#endif

  netperf_cpu_set_t   netperf_cpu_set;
  unsigned int        len = sizeof(netperf_cpu_set);

  if (mapped_affinity < 8*sizeof(netperf_cpu_set)) {
    NETPERF_CPU_ZERO(&netperf_cpu_set);
    NETPERF_CPU_SET(mapped_affinity,&netperf_cpu_set);
    
    if (sched_setaffinity(getpid(), len, &netperf_cpu_set)) {
      if (debug) {
	fprintf(stderr, "failed to set PID %d's CPU affinity errno %d\n",
		getpid(),errno);
	fflush(stderr);
      }
    }
  }
  else {
    if (debug) {
	fprintf(stderr,
		"CPU number larger than pre-compiled limits. Consider a recompile.\n");
	fflush(stderr);
      }
  }
      
#elif HAVE_BIND_TO_CPU_ID
  /* this is the one for Tru64 */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/processor.h>

  /* really should be checking a return code one of these days. raj
     2005/08/31 */ 

  bind_to_cpu_id(getpid(), mapped_affinity,0);

#elif WIN32

  {
    ULONG_PTR AffinityMask;
    ULONG_PTR ProcessAffinityMask;
    ULONG_PTR SystemAffinityMask;
    
    if ((mapped_affinity < 0) || 
	(mapped_affinity > MAXIMUM_PROCESSORS)) {
      fprintf(where,
	      "Invalid processor_affinity specified: %d\n", mapped_affinity);      fflush(where);
      return;
    }
    
    if (!GetProcessAffinityMask(
				GetCurrentProcess(), 
				&ProcessAffinityMask, 
				&SystemAffinityMask))
      {
	perror("GetProcessAffinityMask failed");
	fflush(stderr);
	exit(1);
      }
    
    AffinityMask = (ULONG_PTR)1 << mapped_affinity;
    
    if (AffinityMask & ProcessAffinityMask) {
      if (!SetThreadAffinityMask( GetCurrentThread(), AffinityMask)) {
	perror("SetThreadAffinityMask failed");
	fflush(stderr);
      }
    } else if (debug) {
      fprintf(where,
	      "Processor affinity set to CPU# %d\n", mapped_affinity);
      fflush(where);
    }
  }

#else
  if (debug) {
    fprintf(where,
	    "Processor affinity not available for this platform!\n");
    fflush(where);
  }
#endif
}


/*
 * Sets a socket to non-blocking operation.
 */
int
set_nonblock (SOCKET sock)
{
#ifdef WIN32
  unsigned long flags = 1;
  return (ioctlsocket(sock, FIONBIO, &flags) != SOCKET_ERROR);
#else
  return (fcntl(sock, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) != -1);
#endif
}


 /***********************************************************************/
 /*                                                                     */
 /*     send_request()                                                  */
 /*                                                                     */
 /* send a netperf request on the control socket to the remote half of  */
 /* the connection. to get us closer to intervendor interoperability,   */
 /* we will call htonl on each of the int that compose the message to   */
 /* be sent. the server-half of the connection will call the ntohl      */
 /* routine to undo any changes that may have been made...              */
 /*                                                                     */
 /***********************************************************************/

void
send_request()
{
  size_t counter=0;
  
  /* display the contents of the request if the debug level is high */
  /* enough. otherwise, just send the darned thing ;-) */
  
  if (debug > 1) {
    fprintf(where,"entered send_request...contents before htonl:\n");
    dump_request();
  }

  /* pass the processor affinity request value to netserver */
  /* this is a kludge and I know it.  sgb 8/11/04           */

  netperf_request.content.dummy = remote_proc_affinity;

  /* put the entire request array into network order. We do this */
  /* arbitrarily rather than trying to figure-out just how much */
  /* of the request array contains real information. this should */
  /* be simpler, and at any rate, the performance of sending */
  /* control messages for this benchmark is not of any real */
  /* concern. */ 
  
  for (counter=0;counter < sizeof(netperf_request)/4; counter++) {
    request_array[counter] = htonl(request_array[counter]);
  }
  
  if (debug > 1) {
    fprintf(where,"send_request...contents after htonl:\n");
    dump_request();

    fprintf(where,
            "\nsend_request: about to send %zu bytes from %p\n",
            sizeof(netperf_request),
            &netperf_request);
    fflush(where);
  }

  if (send(netlib_control,
           (char *)&netperf_request,
           sizeof(netperf_request),
           0) != sizeof(netperf_request)) {
    perror("send_request: send call failure");
    
    exit(1);
  }
}

/***********************************************************************/
 /*                                                                     */
 /*     send_response()                                                 */
 /*                                                                     */
 /* send a netperf response on the control socket to the remote half of */
 /* the connection. to get us closer to intervendor interoperability,   */
 /* we will call htonl on each of the int that compose the message to   */
 /* be sent. the other half of the connection will call the ntohl       */
 /* routine to undo any changes that may have been made...              */
 /*                                                                     */
 /***********************************************************************/

void
send_response()
{
  size_t counter=0;
  int	bytes_sent;

  /* display the contents of the request if the debug level is high */
  /* enough. otherwise, just send the darned thing ;-) */

  if (debug > 1) {
    fprintf(where,
            "send_response: contents of %zu ints before htonl\n",
            sizeof(netperf_response)/4);
    dump_response();
  }

  /* put the entire response_array into network order. We do this */
  /* arbitrarily rather than trying to figure-out just how much of the */
  /* request array contains real information. this should be simpler, */
  /* and at any rate, the performance of sending control messages for */
  /* this benchmark is not of any real concern. */
  
  for (counter=0;counter < sizeof(netperf_response)/4; counter++) {
    response_array[counter] = htonl(response_array[counter]);
  }
  
  if (debug > 1) {
    fprintf(where,
            "send_response: contents after htonl\n");
    dump_response();
    fprintf(where,
            "about to send %zu bytes from %p\n",
            sizeof(netperf_response),
            &netperf_response);
    fflush(where);
  }

  /*KC*/
  if ((bytes_sent = send(server_sock,
           (char *)&netperf_response,
           sizeof(netperf_response),
           0)) != sizeof(netperf_response)) {
    perror("send_response: send call failure");
	fprintf(where, "BytesSent: %d\n", bytes_sent);
    exit(1);
  }
  
}

 /***********************************************************************/
 /*                                                                     */
 /*     recv_request()                                                  */
 /*                                                                     */
 /* receive the remote's request on the control socket. we will put     */
 /* the entire response into host order before giving it to the         */
 /* calling routine. hopefully, this will go most of the way to         */
 /* insuring intervendor interoperability. if there are any problems,   */
 /* we will just punt the entire situation.                             */
 /*                                                                     */
 /***********************************************************************/

void
recv_request()
{
int     tot_bytes_recvd,
        bytes_recvd, 
        bytes_left;
char    *buf = (char *)&netperf_request;
int     buflen = sizeof(netperf_request);
size_t  counter;

tot_bytes_recvd = 0;    
 bytes_recvd = 0;     /* nt_lint; bytes_recvd uninitialized if buflen == 0 */
bytes_left      = buflen;
while ((tot_bytes_recvd != buflen) &&
       ((bytes_recvd = recv(server_sock, buf, bytes_left,0)) > 0 )) {
  tot_bytes_recvd += bytes_recvd;
  buf             += bytes_recvd;
  bytes_left      -= bytes_recvd;
}

/* put the request into host order */

for (counter = 0; counter < sizeof(netperf_request)/sizeof(int); counter++) {
  request_array[counter] = ntohl(request_array[counter]);
}

if (debug) {
  fprintf(where,
          "recv_request: received %d bytes of request.\n",
          tot_bytes_recvd);
  fflush(where);
}

if (bytes_recvd == SOCKET_ERROR) {
  Print_errno(where,
          "recv_request: error on recv");
  fflush(where);
  exit(1);
}

if (bytes_recvd == 0) {
  /* the remote has shutdown the control connection, we should shut it */
  /* down as well and exit */

  if (debug) {
    fprintf(where,
            "recv_request: remote requested shutdown of control\n");
    fflush(where);
  }

  if (netlib_control != INVALID_SOCKET) {
        shutdown_control();
  }
  exit(0);
}

if (tot_bytes_recvd < buflen) {
  if (debug > 1)
    dump_request();

  fprintf(where,
          "recv_request: partial request received of %d bytes\n",
          tot_bytes_recvd);
  fflush(where);
  exit(1);
}

 if (debug > 1) {
   dump_request();
 } 

  /* get the processor affinity request value from netperf */
  /* this is a kludge and I know it.  sgb 8/11/04          */

  local_proc_affinity = netperf_request.content.dummy;

  if (local_proc_affinity != -1) {
    bind_to_specific_processor(local_proc_affinity,0);
  } 

}

 /*

      recv_response_timed()                                           
                                                                    
 receive the remote's response on the control socket. we will put the
 entire response into host order before giving it to the calling
 routine. hopefully, this will go most of the way to insuring
 intervendor interoperability. if there are any problems, we will just
 punt the entire situation.
                                                                    
 The call to select at the beginning is to get us out of hang
 situations where the remote gives-up but we don't find-out about
 it. This seems to happen only rarely, but it would be nice to be
 somewhat robust ;-)

 The "_timed" part is to allow the caller to add (or I suppose
 subtract) from the length of timeout on the select call. this was
 added since not all the CPU utilization mechanisms require a 40
 second calibration, and we used to have an aribtrary 40 second sleep
 in "calibrate_remote_cpu" - since we don't _always_ need that, we
 want to simply add 40 seconds to the select() timeout from that call,
 but don't want to change all the "recv_response" calls in the code
 right away.  sooo, we push the functionality of the old
 recv_response() into a new recv_response_timed(addl_timout) call, and
 have recv_response() call recv_response_timed(0).  raj 2005-05-16

 */


void
recv_response_timed(int addl_time)
{
int     tot_bytes_recvd,
        bytes_recvd = 0, 
        bytes_left;
char    *buf = (char *)&netperf_response;
int     buflen = sizeof(netperf_response);
size_t  counter;

 /* stuff for select, use fd_set for better compliance */
fd_set  readfds;
struct  timeval timeout;

tot_bytes_recvd = 0;    
bytes_left      = buflen;

/* zero out the response structure */

/* BUG FIX SJB 2/4/93 - should be < not <= */
for (counter = 0; counter < sizeof(netperf_response)/sizeof(int); counter++) {
        response_array[counter] = 0;
}

 /* we only select once. it is assumed that if the response is split */
 /* (which should not be happening, that we will receive the whole */
 /* thing and not have a problem ;-) */

FD_ZERO(&readfds);
FD_SET(netlib_control,&readfds);
timeout.tv_sec  = 120 + addl_time;  /* wait at least two minutes
                                      before punting - the USE_LOOPER
                                      CPU stuff may cause remote's to
                                      have a bit longer time of it
                                      than 60 seconds would allow.
                                      triggered by fix from Jeff
                                      Dwork. */
timeout.tv_usec = 0;

 /* select had better return one, or there was either a problem or a */
 /* timeout... */

if ((counter = select(FD_SETSIZE,
                      &readfds,
                      0,
                      0,
                      &timeout)) != 1) {
  fprintf(where,
          "netperf: receive_response: no response received. errno %d counter %zu\n",
          errno,
          counter);
  exit(1);
}

while ((tot_bytes_recvd != buflen) &&
       ((bytes_recvd = recv(netlib_control, buf, bytes_left,0)) > 0 )) {
  tot_bytes_recvd += bytes_recvd;
  buf             += bytes_recvd;
  bytes_left      -= bytes_recvd;
}

if (debug) {
  fprintf(where,"recv_response: received a %d byte response\n",
          tot_bytes_recvd);
  fflush(where);
}

/* put the response into host order */

for (counter = 0; counter < sizeof(netperf_response)/sizeof(int); counter++) {
  response_array[counter] = ntohl(response_array[counter]);
}

if (bytes_recvd == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        perror("recv_response");
        exit(1);
}
if (tot_bytes_recvd < buflen) {
  fprintf(stderr,
          "recv_response: partial response received: %d bytes\n",
          tot_bytes_recvd);
  fflush(stderr);
  if (debug > 1)
    dump_response();
  exit(1);
}
if (debug > 1) {
  dump_response();
}
}

void
recv_response() 
{
  recv_response_timed(0);
}


#if defined(USE_PSTAT) || defined (USE_SYSCTL)
int
hi_32(big_int)
     long long *big_int;
{
  union overlay_u {
    long long  dword;
    long       words[2];
  } *overlay;

  overlay = (union overlay_u *)big_int;
  /* on those systems which are byte swapped, we really wish to */
  /* return words[1] - at least I think so - raj 4/95 */
  if (htonl(1L) == 1L) {
    /* we are a "normal" :) machine */
    return(overlay->words[0]);
  }
  else {
    return(overlay->words[1]);
  }
}

int
lo_32(big_int)
     long long *big_int;
{
  union overlay_u {
    long long  dword;
    long       words[2];
  } *overlay;

  overlay = (union overlay_u *)big_int;
  /* on those systems which are byte swapped, we really wish to */
  /* return words[0] - at least I think so - raj 4/95 */
  if (htonl(1L) == 1L) {
    /* we are a "normal" :) machine */
    return(overlay->words[1]);
  }
  else {
    return(overlay->words[0]);
  }
}

#endif /* USE_PSTAT || USE_SYSCTL */


void libmain()
{
fprintf(where,"hello world\n");
fprintf(where,"debug: %d\n",debug);
}


void
set_sock_buffer (SOCKET sd, enum sock_buffer which, int requested_size, int *effective_sizep)
{
#ifdef SO_SNDBUF
  int optname = (which == SEND_BUFFER) ? SO_SNDBUF : SO_RCVBUF;
  netperf_socklen_t sock_opt_len;

  /* seems that under Windows, setting a value of zero is how one
     tells the stack you wish to enable copy-avoidance. Knuth only
     knows what it will do on other stacks, but it might be
     interesting to find-out, so we won't bother #ifdef'ing the change
     to allow asking for 0 bytes. Courtesy of SAF, 2007-05  raj
     2007-05-31 */
  if (requested_size >= 0) {
    if (setsockopt(sd, SOL_SOCKET, optname,
		   (char *)&requested_size, sizeof(int)) < 0) {
      fprintf(where, "netperf: set_sock_buffer: %s option: errno %d\n",
	      (which == SEND_BUFFER) ? "SO_SNDBUF" : "SO_RCVBUF",
	      errno);
      fflush(where);
      exit(1);
    }
    if (debug > 1) {
      fprintf(where, "netperf: set_sock_buffer: %s of %d requested.\n",
	      (which == SEND_BUFFER) ? "SO_SNDBUF" : "SO_RCVBUF",
	      requested_size);
      fflush(where);
    }
  }

  /* Now, we will find-out what the size actually became, and report */
  /* that back to the user. If the call fails, we will just report a -1 */
  /* back to the initiator for the recv buffer size. */

  sock_opt_len = sizeof(netperf_socklen_t);
  if (getsockopt(sd, SOL_SOCKET, optname, (char *)effective_sizep,
		 &sock_opt_len) < 0) {
    fprintf(where, "netperf: set_sock_buffer: getsockopt %s: errno %d\n",
	    (which == SEND_BUFFER) ? "SO_SNDBUF" : "SO_RCVBUF", errno);
    fflush(where);
    *effective_sizep = -1;
  }

  if (debug) {
    fprintf(where, "netperf: set_sock_buffer: "
	    "%s socket size determined to be %d\n",
	    (which == SEND_BUFFER) ? "send" : "receive", *effective_sizep);
    fflush(where);
  }
#else /* SO_SNDBUF */
  *effective_size = -1;
#endif /* SO_SNDBUF */
}

void
dump_addrinfo(FILE *dumploc, struct addrinfo *info,
              char *host, char *port, int family)
{
  struct sockaddr *ai_addr;
  struct addrinfo *temp;
  temp=info;

  fprintf(dumploc, "getaddrinfo returned the following for host '%s' ", host);
  fprintf(dumploc, "port '%s' ", port);
  fprintf(dumploc, "family %s\n", inet_ftos(family));
  while (temp) {
    /* seems that Solaris 10 GA bits will not give a canonical name
       for ::0 or 0.0.0.0, and their fprintf() cannot deal with a null
       pointer, so we have to check for a null pointer.  probably a
       safe thing to do anyway, eventhough it was not necessary on
       linux or hp-ux. raj 2005-02-09 */
    if (temp->ai_canonname) {
      fprintf(dumploc,
	      "\tcannonical name: '%s'\n",temp->ai_canonname);
    }
    else {
      fprintf(dumploc,
	      "\tcannonical name: '%s'\n","(nil)");
    }
    fprintf(dumploc,
            "\tflags: %x family: %s: socktype: %s protocol %s addrlen %d\n",
            temp->ai_flags,
            inet_ftos(temp->ai_family),
            inet_ttos(temp->ai_socktype),
            inet_ptos(temp->ai_protocol),
            temp->ai_addrlen);
    ai_addr = temp->ai_addr;
    if (ai_addr != NULL) {
      fprintf(dumploc,
              "\tsa_family: %s sadata: %d %d %d %d %d %d\n",
              inet_ftos(ai_addr->sa_family),
              (u_char)ai_addr->sa_data[0],
              (u_char)ai_addr->sa_data[1],
              (u_char)ai_addr->sa_data[2],
              (u_char)ai_addr->sa_data[3],
              (u_char)ai_addr->sa_data[4],
              (u_char)ai_addr->sa_data[5]);
    }
    temp = temp->ai_next;
  }
  fflush(dumploc);
}

/*
  establish_control()

set-up the control connection between netperf and the netserver so we
can actually run some tests. if we cannot establish the control
connection, that may or may not be a good thing, so we will let the
caller decide what to do.

to assist with pesky end-to-end-unfriendly things like firewalls, we
allow the caller to specify both the remote hostname and port, and the
local addressing info.  i believe that in theory it is possible to
have an IPv4 endpoint and an IPv6 endpoint communicate with one
another, but for the time being, we are only going to take-in one
requested address family parameter. this means that the only way
(iirc) that we might get a mixed-mode connection would be if the
address family is specified as AF_UNSPEC, and getaddrinfo() returns
different families for the local and server names.

the "names" can also be IP addresses in ASCII string form.

raj 2003-02-27 */

SOCKET
establish_control_internal(char *hostname,
			   char *port,
			   int   remfam,
			   char *localhost,
			   char *localport,
			   int   locfam)
{
  int not_connected;
  SOCKET control_sock;
  int count;
  int error;

  struct addrinfo   hints;
  struct addrinfo  *local_res;
  struct addrinfo  *remote_res;
  struct addrinfo  *local_res_temp;
  struct addrinfo  *remote_res_temp;

  if (debug) {
    fprintf(where,
            "establish_control called with host '%s' port '%s' remfam %s\n",
            hostname,
            port,
            inet_ftos(remfam));
    fprintf(where,
            "\t\tlocal '%s' port '%s' locfam %s\n",
            localhost,
            localport,
            inet_ftos(locfam));
    fflush(where);
  }

  /* first, we do the remote */
  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
  hints.ai_family = remfam;
  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
  hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
  hints.ai_flags = 0|AI_CANONNAME;
  count = 0;
  do {
    error = getaddrinfo((char *)hostname,
                        (char *)port,
                        &hints,
                        &remote_res);
    count += 1;
    if (error == EAI_AGAIN) {
      if (debug) {
        fprintf(where,"Sleeping on getaddrinfo EAI_AGAIN\n");
        fflush(where);
      }
      sleep(1);
    }
  } while ((error == EAI_AGAIN) && (count <= 5));

  if (error) {
    printf("establish control: could not resolve remote '%s' port '%s' af %s",
           hostname,
           port,
           inet_ftos(remfam));
    printf("\n\tgetaddrinfo returned %d %s\n",
           error,
           gai_strerror(error));
    return(INVALID_SOCKET);
  }

  if (debug) {
    dump_addrinfo(where, remote_res, hostname, port, remfam);
  }

  /* now we do the local */
  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
  hints.ai_family = locfam;
  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
  hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
  hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE|AI_CANONNAME;
  count = 0;
  do {
    count += 1;
    error = getaddrinfo((char *)localhost,
                           (char *)localport,
                           &hints,
                           &local_res);
    if (error == EAI_AGAIN) {
      if (debug) {
        fprintf(where,
                "Sleeping on getaddrinfo(%s,%s) EAI_AGAIN count %d \n",
                localhost,
                localport,
                count);
        fflush(where);
      }
      sleep(1);
    }
  } while ((error == EAI_AGAIN) && (count <= 5));

  if (error) {
    printf("establish control: could not resolve local '%s' port '%s' af %s",
           localhost,
           localport,
           inet_ftos(locfam));
    printf("\n\tgetaddrinfo returned %d %s\n",
           error,
           gai_strerror(error));
    return(INVALID_SOCKET);
  }

  if (debug) {
    dump_addrinfo(where, local_res, localhost, localport, locfam);
  }

  not_connected = 1;
  local_res_temp = local_res;
  remote_res_temp = remote_res;
  /* we want to loop through all the possibilities. looping on the
     local addresses will be handled within the while loop.  I suppose
     these is some more "C-expert" way to code this, but it has not
     lept to mind just yet :)  raj 2003-02024 */

  while (remote_res_temp != NULL) {

    /* I am guessing that we should use the address family of the
       local endpoint, and we will not worry about mixed family types
       - presumeably the stack or other transition mechanisms will be
       able to deal with that for us. famous last words :)  raj 2003-02-26 */
    control_sock = socket(local_res_temp->ai_family,
                          SOCK_STREAM,
                          0);
    if (control_sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
      /* at some point we'll need a more generic "display error"
         message for when/if we use GUIs and the like. unlike a bind
         or connect failure, failure to allocate a socket is
         "immediately fatal" and so we return to the caller. raj 2003-02-24 */
      if (debug) {
        perror("establish_control: unable to allocate control socket");
      }
      return(INVALID_SOCKET);
    }

    /* if we are going to control the local enpoint addressing, we
       need to call bind. of course, we should probably be setting one
       of the SO_REUSEmumble socket options? raj 2005-02-04 */
    if (bind(control_sock,
	     local_res_temp->ai_addr,
	     local_res_temp->ai_addrlen) == 0) {
      if (debug) {
	fprintf(where,
		"bound control socket to %s and %s\n",
		localhost,
		localport);
      }

      if (connect(control_sock,
		  remote_res_temp->ai_addr,
		  remote_res_temp->ai_addrlen) == 0) {
	/* we have successfully connected to the remote netserver */
	if (debug) {
	  fprintf(where,
		  "successful connection to remote netserver at %s and %s\n",
		  hostname,
		  port);
	}
	not_connected = 0;
	/* this should get us out of the while loop */
	break;
      } else {
	/* the connect call failed */
	if (debug) {
	  fprintf(where,
		  "establish_control: connect failed, errno %d %s\n",
		  errno,
		  strerror(errno));
	  fprintf(where, "    trying next address combination\n");
	  fflush(where);
	}
      }
    }
    else {
      /* the bind failed */
      if (debug) {
	fprintf(where,
		"establish_control: bind failed, errno %d %s\n",
		errno,
		strerror(errno));
	fprintf(where, "    trying next address combination\n");
	fflush(where);
      }
    }

    if ((local_res_temp = local_res_temp->ai_next) == NULL) {
      /* wrap the local and move to the next server, don't forget to
         close the current control socket. raj 2003-02-24 */
      local_res_temp = local_res;
      /* the outer while conditions will deal with the case when we
         get to the end of all the possible remote addresses. */
      remote_res_temp = remote_res_temp->ai_next;
      /* it is simplest here to just close the control sock. since
         this is not a performance critical section of code, we
         don't worry about overheads for socket allocation or
         close. raj 2003-02-24 */
    }
    close(control_sock);
  }

  /* we no longer need the addrinfo stuff */
  freeaddrinfo(local_res);
  freeaddrinfo(remote_res);

  /* so, we are either connected or not */
  if (not_connected) {
    fprintf(where, "establish control: are you sure there is a netserver listening on %s at port %s?\n",hostname,port);
    fflush(where);
    return(INVALID_SOCKET);
  }
  /* at this point, we are connected.  we probably want some sort of
     version check with the remote at some point. raj 2003-02-24 */
  return(control_sock);
}

void
establish_control(char *hostname,
		  char *port,
		  int   remfam,
		  char *localhost,
		  char *localport,
		  int   locfam)

{

  netlib_control = establish_control_internal(hostname,
					      port,
					      remfam,
					      localhost,
					      localport,
					      locfam);
  if (netlib_control == INVALID_SOCKET) {
    fprintf(where,
	    "establish_control could not establish the control connection from %s port %s address family %s to %s port %s address family %s\n",
	    localhost,localport,inet_ftos(locfam),
	    hostname,port,inet_ftos(remfam));
    fflush(where);
    exit(INVALID_SOCKET);
  }
}


 /***********************************************************************/
 /*                                                                     */
 /*     get_id()                                                        */
 /*                                                                     */
 /* Return a string to the calling routine that contains the            */
 /* identifying information for the host we are running on. This        */
 /* information will then either be displayed locally, or returned to   */
 /* a remote caller for display there.                                  */
 /*                                                                     */
 /***********************************************************************/

char *
get_id()
{
	static char id_string[80];
#ifdef WIN32
char                    system_name[MAX_COMPUTERNAME_LENGTH+1] ;
DWORD                   name_len = MAX_COMPUTERNAME_LENGTH + 1 ;
#else
struct  utsname         system_name;
#endif /* WIN32 */

#ifdef WIN32
 SYSTEM_INFO SystemInfo;
 GetSystemInfo( &SystemInfo ) ;
 if ( !GetComputerName(system_name , &name_len) )
   strcpy(system_name , "no_name") ;
#else
 if (uname(&system_name) <0) {
   perror("identify_local: uname");
   exit(1);
 }
#endif /* WIN32 */

 snprintf(id_string, sizeof(id_string),
#ifdef WIN32
	  "%-15s%-15s%d.%d%d",
	  "Windows NT",
	  system_name ,
	  GetVersion() & 0xFF ,
	  GetVersion() & 0xFF00 ,
	  SystemInfo.dwProcessorType
	  
#else
	  "%-15s%-15s%-15s%-15s%-15s",
	  system_name.sysname,
	  system_name.nodename,
	  system_name.release,
	  system_name.version,
	  system_name.machine
#endif /* WIN32 */
	  );
 return (id_string);
}


 /***********************************************************************/
 /*                                                                     */
 /*     identify_local()                                                */
 /*                                                                     */
 /* Display identifying information about the local host to the user.   */
 /* At first release, this information will be the same as that which   */
 /* is returned by the uname -a command, with the exception of the      */
 /* idnumber field, which seems to be a non-POSIX item, and hence       */
 /* non-portable.                                                       */
 /*                                                                     */
 /***********************************************************************/

void
identify_local()
{

char *local_id;

local_id = get_id();

fprintf(where,"Local Information \n\
Sysname       Nodename       Release        Version        Machine\n");

fprintf(where,"%s\n",
       local_id);

}


 /***********************************************************************/
 /*                                                                     */
 /*     identify_remote()                                               */
 /*                                                                     */
 /* Display identifying information about the remote host to the user.  */
 /* At first release, this information will be the same as that which   */
 /* is returned by the uname -a command, with the exception of the      */
 /* idnumber field, which seems to be a non-POSIX item, and hence       */
 /* non-portable. A request is sent to the remote side, which will      */
 /* return a string containing the utsname information in a             */
 /* pre-formatted form, which is then displayed after the header.       */
 /*                                                                     */
 /***********************************************************************/

void
identify_remote()
{

char    *remote_id="";

/* send a request for node info to the remote */
netperf_request.content.request_type = NODE_IDENTIFY;

send_request();

/* and now wait for the reply to come back */

recv_response();

if (netperf_response.content.serv_errno) {
        Set_errno(netperf_response.content.serv_errno);
        perror("identify_remote: on remote");
        exit(1);
}

fprintf(where,"Remote Information \n\
Sysname       Nodename       Release        Version        Machine\n");

fprintf(where,"%s",
       remote_id);
}

void
cpu_start(int measure_cpu)
{

  gettimeofday(&time1,
               &tz);
  
  if (measure_cpu) {
    cpu_util_init();
    measuring_cpu = 1;
    cpu_method = get_cpu_method();
    cpu_start_internal();
  }
}


void
cpu_stop(int measure_cpu, float *elapsed)

{

  int     sec,
    usec;

  if (measure_cpu) {
    cpu_stop_internal();
    cpu_util_terminate();
  }
  
  gettimeofday(&time2,
	       &tz);
  
  if (time2.tv_usec < time1.tv_usec) {
    time2.tv_usec += 1000000;
    time2.tv_sec  -= 1;
  }
  
  sec     = time2.tv_sec - time1.tv_sec;
  usec    = time2.tv_usec - time1.tv_usec;
  lib_elapsed     = (float)sec + ((float)usec/(float)1000000.0);
  
  *elapsed = lib_elapsed;
  
}


double
calc_thruput_interval(double units_received,double elapsed)

{
  double        divisor;

  /* We will calculate the thruput in libfmt units/second */
  switch (libfmt) {
  case 'K':
    divisor = 1024.0;
    break;
  case 'M':
    divisor = 1024.0 * 1024.0;
    break;
  case 'G':
    divisor = 1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0;
    break;
  case 'k':
    divisor = 1000.0 / 8.0;
    break;
  case 'm':
    divisor = 1000.0 * 1000.0 / 8.0;
    break;
  case 'g':
    divisor = 1000.0 * 1000.0 * 1000.0 / 8.0;
    break;
    
  default:
    divisor = 1024.0;
  }
  
  return (units_received / divisor / elapsed);

}

double
calc_thruput(double units_received)

{
  return(calc_thruput_interval(units_received,lib_elapsed));
}

/* these "_omni" versions are ones which understand 'x' as a unit,
   meaning transactions/s.  we have a separate routine rather than
   convert the existing routine so we don't have to go and change
   _all_ the nettest_foo.c files at one time.  raj 2007-06-08 */

double
calc_thruput_interval_omni(double units_received,double elapsed)

{
  double        divisor;

  /* We will calculate the thruput in libfmt units/second */
  switch (libfmt) {
  case 'K':
    divisor = 1024.0;
    break;
  case 'M':
    divisor = 1024.0 * 1024.0;
    break;
  case 'G':
    divisor = 1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0;
    break;
  case 'k':
    divisor = 1000.0 / 8.0;
    break;
  case 'm':
    divisor = 1000.0 * 1000.0 / 8.0;
    break;
  case 'g':
    divisor = 1000.0 * 1000.0 * 1000.0 / 8.0;
    break;
  case 'x':
    divisor = 1.0;
    break;

  default:
    fprintf(where,
	    "WARNING calc_throughput_internal_omni: unknown units %c\n",
	    libfmt);
    fflush(where);
    divisor = 1024.0;
  }
  
  return (units_received / divisor / elapsed);

}

double
calc_thruput_omni(double units_received)

{
  return(calc_thruput_interval_omni(units_received,lib_elapsed));
}


float 
calc_cpu_util(float elapsed_time)
{
  return(calc_cpu_util_internal(elapsed_time));
}

float 
calc_service_demand_internal(double unit_divisor,
			     double units_sent,
			     float elapsed_time,
			     float cpu_utilization,
			     int num_cpus)

{

  double service_demand;
  double thruput;

  if (debug) {
    fprintf(where,"calc_service_demand called:  units_sent = %f\n",
            units_sent);
    fprintf(where,"                             elapsed_time = %f\n",
            elapsed_time);
    fprintf(where,"                             cpu_util = %f\n",
            cpu_utilization);
    fprintf(where,"                             num cpu = %d\n",
            num_cpus);
    fflush(where);
  }

  if (num_cpus == 0) num_cpus = lib_num_loc_cpus;
  
  if (elapsed_time == 0.0) {
    elapsed_time = lib_elapsed;
  }
  if (cpu_utilization == 0.0) {
    cpu_utilization = lib_local_cpu_util;
  }
  
  thruput = (units_sent / 
             (double) unit_divisor / 
             (double) elapsed_time);

  /* on MP systems, it is necessary to multiply the service demand by */
  /* the number of CPU's. at least, I believe that to be the case:) */
  /* raj 10/95 */

  /* thruput has a "per second" component. if we were using 100% ( */
  /* 100.0) of the CPU in a second, that would be 1 second, or 1 */
  /* millisecond, so we multiply cpu_utilization by 10 to go to */
  /* milliseconds, or 10,000 to go to micro seconds. With revision */
  /* 2.1, the service demand measure goes to microseconds per unit. */
  /* raj 12/95 */ 
  service_demand = (cpu_utilization*10000.0/thruput) * 
    (float) num_cpus;
  
  if (debug) {
    fprintf(where,"calc_service_demand using:   units_sent = %f\n",
            units_sent);
    fprintf(where,"                             elapsed_time = %f\n",
            elapsed_time);
    fprintf(where,"                             cpu_util = %f\n",
            cpu_utilization);
    fprintf(where,"                             num cpu = %d\n",
            num_cpus);
    fprintf(where,"calc_service_demand got:     thruput = %f\n",
            thruput);
    fprintf(where,"                             servdem = %f\n",
            service_demand);
    fflush(where);
  }
  return (float)service_demand;
}

float calc_service_demand(double units_sent,
                          float elapsed_time,
                          float cpu_utilization,
                          int num_cpus)

{

  double unit_divisor = (double)1024.0;

  return(calc_service_demand_internal(unit_divisor,
				      units_sent,
				      elapsed_time,
				      cpu_utilization,
				      num_cpus));
}

float calc_service_demand_trans(double units_sent,
				float elapsed_time,
				float cpu_utilization,
				int num_cpus)

{

  double unit_divisor = (double)1.0;

  return(calc_service_demand_internal(unit_divisor,
				      units_sent,
				      elapsed_time,
				      cpu_utilization,
				      num_cpus));
}


float
calibrate_local_cpu(float local_cpu_rate)
{
  
  lib_num_loc_cpus = get_num_cpus();

  lib_use_idle = 0;
#ifdef USE_LOOPER
  cpu_util_init();
  lib_use_idle = 1;
#endif /* USE_LOOPER */

  if (local_cpu_rate > 0) {
    /* The user think that he knows what the cpu rate is. We assume */
    /* that all the processors of an MP system are essentially the */
    /* same - for this reason we do not have a per processor maxrate. */
    /* if the machine has processors which are different in */
    /* performance, the CPU utilization will be skewed. raj 4/95 */
    lib_local_maxrate = local_cpu_rate;
  }
  else {
    /* if neither USE_LOOPER nor USE_PSTAT are defined, we return a */
    /* 0.0 to indicate that times or getrusage should be used. raj */
    /* 4/95 */
    lib_local_maxrate = (float)0.0;
#if defined(USE_PROC_STAT) || defined(USE_LOOPER) || defined(USE_PSTAT) || defined(USE_KSTAT) || defined(USE_PERFSTAT) || defined(USE_SYSCTL)
    lib_local_maxrate = calibrate_idle_rate(4,10);
#endif
  }
  return lib_local_maxrate;
}


float
calibrate_remote_cpu()
{
  float remrate;

  netperf_request.content.request_type = CPU_CALIBRATE;
  send_request();
  /* we know that calibration will last at least 40 seconds, so go to */
  /* sleep for that long so the 60 second select in recv_response will */
  /* not pop. raj 7/95 */

  /* we know that CPU calibration may last as long as 40 seconds, so
     make sure we "select" for at least that long while looking for
     the response. raj 2005-05-16 */
  recv_response_timed(40);

  if (netperf_response.content.serv_errno) {
    /* initially, silently ignore remote errors and pass */
    /* back a zero to the caller this should allow us to */
    /* mix rev 1.0 and rev 1.1 netperfs... */
    return((float)0.0);
  }
  else {
    /* the rate is the first word of the test_specific data */
    bcopy((char *)netperf_response.content.test_specific_data,
          (char *)&remrate,
          sizeof(remrate));
    bcopy((char *)netperf_response.content.test_specific_data + sizeof(remrate),
	  (char *)&lib_num_rem_cpus,
	  sizeof(lib_num_rem_cpus));
/*    remrate = (float) netperf_response.content.test_specific_data[0]; */
    return(remrate);
  }     
}

#ifndef WIN32
/* WIN32 requires that at least one of the file sets to select be non-null. */
/* Since msec_sleep routine is only called by nettest_dlpi & nettest_unix,  */
/* let's duck this issue. */

int
msec_sleep( int msecs )
{
  int           rval ;

  struct timeval timeout;

  timeout.tv_sec = msecs / 1000;
  timeout.tv_usec = (msecs - (msecs/1000) *1000) * 1000;
  if ((rval = select(0,
             0,
             0,
             0,
             &timeout))) {
    if ( SOCKET_EINTR(rval) ) {
      return(1);
    }
    perror("msec_sleep: select");
    exit(1);
  }
  return(0);
}
#endif /* WIN32 */

#ifdef WANT_HISTOGRAM
/* hist.c

   Given a time difference in microseconds, increment one of 61
   different buckets: 

   0 - 9 in increments of 1 usec
   0 - 9 in increments of 10 usecs
   0 - 9 in increments of 100 usecs
   1 - 9 in increments of 1 msec
   1 - 9 in increments of 10 msecs
   1 - 9 in increments of 100 msecs
   1 - 9 in increments of 1 sec
   1 - 9 in increments of 10 sec
   > 100 secs
   
   This will allow any time to be recorded to within an accuracy of
   10%, and provides a compact  representation for capturing the
   distribution of a large number of time differences (e.g.
   request-response latencies).
   
   Colin Low  10/6/93
   Rick Jones 2004-06-15 extend to unit and ten usecs
*/

/* #include "sys.h" */

/*#define HIST_TEST*/

HIST 
HIST_new(void){
   HIST h;
   if((h = (HIST) malloc(sizeof(struct histogram_struct))) == NULL) {
     perror("HIST_new - malloc failed");
     exit(1);
   }
   HIST_clear(h);
   return h;
}

void 
HIST_clear(HIST h){
   int i;
   for(i = 0; i < 10; i++){
      h->unit_usec[i] = 0;
      h->ten_usec[i] = 0;
      h->hundred_usec[i] = 0;
      h->unit_msec[i] = 0;
      h->ten_msec[i] = 0;
      h->hundred_msec[i] = 0;
      h->unit_sec[i] = 0;
      h->ten_sec[i] = 0;
   }
   h->ridiculous = 0;
   h->total = 0;
}

void 
HIST_add(register HIST h, int time_delta){
   register int val;
   h->total++;
   val = time_delta;
   if(val <= 9) h->unit_usec[val]++;
   else {
     val = val/10;
     if(val <= 9) h->ten_usec[val]++;
     else {
       val = val/10;
       if(val <= 9) h->hundred_usec[val]++;
       else {
	 val = val/10;
	 if(val <= 9) h->unit_msec[val]++;
	 else {
	   val = val/10;
	   if(val <= 9) h->ten_msec[val]++;
	   else {
	     val = val/10;
	     if(val <= 9) h->hundred_msec[val]++;
	     else {
               val = val/10;
               if(val <= 9) h->unit_sec[val]++;
               else {
		 val = val/10;
		 if(val <= 9) h->ten_sec[val]++;
		 else h->ridiculous++;
               }
	     }
	   }
	 }
       }
     }
   }
}

#define RB_printf printf

void 
output_row(FILE *fd, char *title, int *row){
   register int i;
   RB_printf("%s", title);
   for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) RB_printf(": %4d", row[i]);
   RB_printf("\n");
}

int
sum_row(int *row) {
  int sum = 0;
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) sum += row[i];
  return(sum);
}

void 
HIST_report(HIST h){
#ifndef OLD_HISTOGRAM
   output_row(stdout, "UNIT_USEC     ", h->unit_usec);
   output_row(stdout, "TEN_USEC      ", h->ten_usec);
   output_row(stdout, "HUNDRED_USEC  ", h->hundred_usec);
#else
   h->hundred_usec[0] += sum_row(h->unit_usec);
   h->hundred_usec[0] += sum_row(h->ten_usec);
   output_row(stdout, "TENTH_MSEC    ", h->hundred_usec);
#endif
   output_row(stdout, "UNIT_MSEC     ", h->unit_msec);
   output_row(stdout, "TEN_MSEC      ", h->ten_msec);
   output_row(stdout, "HUNDRED_MSEC  ", h->hundred_msec);
   output_row(stdout, "UNIT_SEC      ", h->unit_sec);
   output_row(stdout, "TEN_SEC       ", h->ten_sec);
   RB_printf(">100_SECS: %d\n", h->ridiculous);
   RB_printf("HIST_TOTAL:      %d\n", h->total);
}

#endif

/* with the advent of sit-and-spin intervals support, we might as well
   make these things available all the time, not just for demo or
   histogram modes. raj 2006-02-06 */
#ifdef HAVE_GETHRTIME

void
HIST_timestamp(hrtime_t *timestamp)
{
  *timestamp = gethrtime();
}

int
delta_micro(hrtime_t *begin, hrtime_t *end)
{
  long nsecs;
  nsecs = (*end) - (*begin);
  return(nsecs/1000);
}

#elif defined(HAVE_GET_HRT)
#include "hrt.h"

void
HIST_timestamp(hrt_t *timestamp)
{
  *timestamp = get_hrt();
}

int
delta_micro(hrt_t *begin, hrt_t *end)
{

  return((int)get_hrt_delta(*end,*begin));

}
#elif defined(WIN32)
void HIST_timestamp(LARGE_INTEGER *timestamp)
{
	QueryPerformanceCounter(timestamp);
}

int delta_micro(LARGE_INTEGER *begin, LARGE_INTEGER *end)
{
	LARGE_INTEGER DeltaTimestamp;
	static LARGE_INTEGER TickHz = {0,0};

	if (TickHz.QuadPart == 0) 
	{
		QueryPerformanceFrequency(&TickHz);
	}

	/*+*+ Rick; this will overflow after ~2000 seconds, is that
	  good enough? Spencer: Yes, that should be more than good
	  enough for histogram support */

	DeltaTimestamp.QuadPart = (end->QuadPart - begin->QuadPart) * 
	  1000000/TickHz.QuadPart;
	assert((DeltaTimestamp.HighPart == 0) && 
	       ((int)DeltaTimestamp.LowPart >= 0));

	return (int)DeltaTimestamp.LowPart;
}

#else

void
HIST_timestamp(struct timeval *timestamp)
{
  gettimeofday(timestamp,NULL);
}

 /* return the difference (in micro seconds) between two timeval */
 /* timestamps */
int
delta_micro(struct timeval *begin,struct timeval *end)

{

  int usecs, secs;

  if (end->tv_usec < begin->tv_usec) {
    /* borrow a second from the tv_sec */
    end->tv_usec += 1000000;
    end->tv_sec--;
  }
  usecs = end->tv_usec - begin->tv_usec;
  secs  = end->tv_sec - begin->tv_sec;

  usecs += (secs * 1000000);

  return(usecs);

}
#endif /* HAVE_GETHRTIME */


#ifdef WANT_DLPI

int
put_control(fd, len, pri, ack)
     int fd, len, pri, ack;
{
  int error;
  int flags = 0;
  dl_error_ack_t *err_ack = (dl_error_ack_t *)control_data;

  control_message.len = len;

  if ((error = putmsg(fd, &control_message, 0, pri)) < 0 ) {
    fprintf(where,"put_control: putmsg error %d\n",error);
    fflush(where);
    return(-1);
  }
  if ((error = getmsg(fd, &control_message, 0, &flags)) < 0) {
    fprintf(where,"put_control: getsmg error %d\n",error);
    fflush(where);
    return(-1);
  }
  if (err_ack->dl_primitive != ack) {
    fprintf(where,"put_control: acknowledgement error wanted %u got %u \n",
            ack,err_ack->dl_primitive);
    if (err_ack->dl_primitive == DL_ERROR_ACK) {
      fprintf(where,"             dl_error_primitive: %u\n",
              err_ack->dl_error_primitive);
      fprintf(where,"             dl_errno:           %u\n",
              err_ack->dl_errno);
      fprintf(where,"             dl_unix_errno       %u\n",
              err_ack->dl_unix_errno);
    }
    fflush(where);
    return(-1);
  }

  return(0);
}
    
int
dl_open(char devfile[], int ppa)
{
  int fd;
  dl_attach_req_t *attach_req = (dl_attach_req_t *)control_data;

  if ((fd = open(devfile, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
    fprintf(where,"netperf: dl_open: open of %s failed, errno = %d\n",
            devfile,
            errno);
    return(-1);
  }

  attach_req->dl_primitive = DL_ATTACH_REQ;
  attach_req->dl_ppa = ppa;

  if (put_control(fd, sizeof(dl_attach_req_t), 0, DL_OK_ACK) < 0) {
    fprintf(where,
            "netperf: dl_open: could not send control message, errno = %d\n",
            errno);
    return(-1);
  }
  return(fd);
}

int
dl_bind(int fd, int sap, int mode, char *dlsap_ptr, int *dlsap_len)
{
  dl_bind_req_t *bind_req = (dl_bind_req_t *)control_data;
  dl_bind_ack_t *bind_ack = (dl_bind_ack_t *)control_data;

  bind_req->dl_primitive = DL_BIND_REQ;
  bind_req->dl_sap = sap;
  bind_req->dl_max_conind = 1;
  bind_req->dl_service_mode = mode;
  bind_req->dl_conn_mgmt = 0;
  bind_req->dl_xidtest_flg = 0;

  if (put_control(fd, sizeof(dl_bind_req_t), 0, DL_BIND_ACK) < 0) {
    fprintf(where,
            "netperf: dl_bind: could not send control message, errno = %d\n",
            errno);
    return(-1);
  }

  /* at this point, the control_data portion of the control message */
  /* structure should contain a DL_BIND_ACK, which will have a full */
  /* DLSAP in it. we want to extract this and pass it up so that    */
  /* it can be passed around. */
  if (*dlsap_len >= bind_ack->dl_addr_length) {
    bcopy((char *)bind_ack+bind_ack->dl_addr_offset,
          dlsap_ptr,
          bind_ack->dl_addr_length);
    *dlsap_len = bind_ack->dl_addr_length;
    return(0);
  }
  else { 
    return (-1); 
  }
}

int
dl_connect(int fd, unsigned char *remote_addr, int remote_addr_len)
{
  dl_connect_req_t *connection_req = (dl_connect_req_t *)control_data;
  dl_connect_con_t *connection_con = (dl_connect_con_t *)control_data;
  struct pollfd pinfo;

  int flags = 0;

  /* this is here on the off chance that we really want some data */
  u_long data_area[512];
  struct strbuf data_message;

  int error;

  data_message.maxlen = 2048;
  data_message.len = 0;
  data_message.buf = (char *)data_area;

  connection_req->dl_primitive = DL_CONNECT_REQ;
  connection_req->dl_dest_addr_length = remote_addr_len;
  connection_req->dl_dest_addr_offset = sizeof(dl_connect_req_t);
  connection_req->dl_qos_length = 0;
  connection_req->dl_qos_offset = 0;
  bcopy (remote_addr, 
         (unsigned char *)control_data + sizeof(dl_connect_req_t),
         remote_addr_len);

  /* well, I would call the put_control routine here, but the sequence */
  /* of connection stuff with DLPI is a bit screwey with all this */
  /* message passing - Toto, I don't think were in Berkeley anymore. */

  control_message.len = sizeof(dl_connect_req_t) + remote_addr_len;
  if ((error = putmsg(fd,&control_message,0,0)) !=0) {
    fprintf(where,"dl_connect: putmsg failure, errno = %d, error 0x%x \n",
            errno,error);
    fflush(where);
    return(-1);
  };

  pinfo.fd = fd;
  pinfo.events = POLLIN | POLLPRI;
  pinfo.revents = 0;

  if ((error = getmsg(fd,&control_message,&data_message,&flags)) != 0) {
    fprintf(where,"dl_connect: getmsg failure, errno = %d, error 0x%x \n",
            errno,error);
    fflush(where);
    return(-1);
  }
  while (control_data[0] == DL_TEST_CON) {
    /* i suppose we spin until we get an error, or a connection */
    /* indication */
    if((error = getmsg(fd,&control_message,&data_message,&flags)) !=0) {
       fprintf(where,"dl_connect: getmsg failure, errno = %d, error = 0x%x\n",
               errno,error);
       fflush(where);
       return(-1);
    }
  }

  /* we are out - it either worked or it didn't - which was it? */
  if (control_data[0] == DL_CONNECT_CON) {
    return(0);
  }
  else {
    return(-1);
  }
}

int
dl_accept(fd, remote_addr, remote_addr_len)
     int fd;
     unsigned char *remote_addr;
     int remote_addr_len;
{
  dl_connect_ind_t *connect_ind = (dl_connect_ind_t *)control_data;
  dl_connect_res_t *connect_res = (dl_connect_res_t *)control_data;
  int tmp_cor;
  int flags = 0;

  /* hang around and wait for a connection request */
  getmsg(fd,&control_message,0,&flags);
  while (control_data[0] != DL_CONNECT_IND) {
    getmsg(fd,&control_message,0,&flags);
  }

  /* now respond to the request. at some point, we may want to be sure */
  /* that the connection came from the correct station address, but */
  /* will assume that we do not have to worry about it just now. */

  tmp_cor = connect_ind->dl_correlation;

  connect_res->dl_primitive = DL_CONNECT_RES;
  connect_res->dl_correlation = tmp_cor;
  connect_res->dl_resp_token = 0;
  connect_res->dl_qos_length = 0;
  connect_res->dl_qos_offset = 0;
  connect_res->dl_growth = 0;

  return(put_control(fd, sizeof(dl_connect_res_t), 0, DL_OK_ACK));

}

int
dl_set_window(fd, window)
     int fd, window;
{
  return(0);
}

void
dl_stats(fd)
     int fd;
{
}

int
dl_send_disc(fd)
     int fd;
{
}

int
dl_recv_disc(fd)
     int fd;
{
}
#endif /* WANT_DLPI*/

 /* these routines for confidence intervals are courtesy of IBM. They */
 /* have been modified slightly for more general usage beyond TCP/UDP */
 /* tests. raj 11/94 I would suspect that this code carries an IBM */
 /* copyright that is much the same as that for the original HP */
 /* netperf code */
int     confidence_iterations; /* for iterations */

double  
  result_confid=-10.0,
  loc_cpu_confid=-10.0,
  rem_cpu_confid=-10.0,

  measured_sum_result=0.0, 
  measured_square_sum_result=0.0,
  measured_mean_result=0.0, 
  measured_var_result=0.0, 

  measured_sum_local_cpu=0.0,
  measured_square_sum_local_cpu=0.0,
  measured_mean_local_cpu=0.0,
  measured_var_local_cpu=0.0, 

  measured_sum_remote_cpu=0.0,
  measured_square_sum_remote_cpu=0.0,
  measured_mean_remote_cpu=0.0,
  measured_var_remote_cpu=0.0, 
  
  measured_sum_local_service_demand=0.0,
  measured_square_sum_local_service_demand=0.0,
  measured_mean_local_service_demand=0.0,
  measured_var_local_service_demand=0.0,

  measured_sum_remote_service_demand=0.0,
  measured_square_sum_remote_service_demand=0.0,
  measured_mean_remote_service_demand=0.0,
  measured_var_remote_service_demand=0.0,

  measured_sum_local_time=0.0,
  measured_square_sum_local_time=0.0,
  measured_mean_local_time=0.0,
  measured_var_local_time=0.0,

  measured_mean_remote_time=0.0, 
  
  measured_fails,
  measured_local_results,
  confidence=-10.0;
/*  interval=0.1; */

/************************************************************************/
/*                                                                      */
/*      Constants for Confidence Intervals                              */
/*                                                                      */
/************************************************************************/
void 
init_stat()
{
        measured_sum_result=0.0;
        measured_square_sum_result=0.0;
        measured_mean_result=0.0;
        measured_var_result=0.0;

        measured_sum_local_cpu=0.0;
        measured_square_sum_local_cpu=0.0;
        measured_mean_local_cpu=0.0;
        measured_var_local_cpu=0.0;

        measured_sum_remote_cpu=0.0;
        measured_square_sum_remote_cpu=0.0;
        measured_mean_remote_cpu=0.0;
        measured_var_remote_cpu=0.0;

        measured_sum_local_service_demand=0.0;
        measured_square_sum_local_service_demand=0.0;
        measured_mean_local_service_demand=0.0;
        measured_var_local_service_demand=0.0;

        measured_sum_remote_service_demand=0.0;
        measured_square_sum_remote_service_demand=0.0;
        measured_mean_remote_service_demand=0.0;
        measured_var_remote_service_demand=0.0;

        measured_sum_local_time=0.0;
        measured_square_sum_local_time=0.0;
        measured_mean_local_time=0.0;
        measured_var_local_time=0.0;

        measured_mean_remote_time=0.0;

        measured_fails = 0.0;
        measured_local_results=0.0,
        confidence=-10.0;
}

 /* this routine does a simple table lookup for some statistical */
 /* function that I would remember if I stayed awake in my probstats */
 /* class... raj 11/94 */
double 
confid(int level, int freedom)
{
double  t99[35],t95[35];

   t95[1]=12.706;
   t95[2]= 4.303;
   t95[3]= 3.182;
   t95[4]= 2.776;
   t95[5]= 2.571;
   t95[6]= 2.447;
   t95[7]= 2.365;
   t95[8]= 2.306;
   t95[9]= 2.262;
   t95[10]= 2.228;
   t95[11]= 2.201;
   t95[12]= 2.179;
   t95[13]= 2.160;
   t95[14]= 2.145;
   t95[15]= 2.131;
   t95[16]= 2.120;
   t95[17]= 2.110;
   t95[18]= 2.101;
   t95[19]= 2.093;
   t95[20]= 2.086;
   t95[21]= 2.080;
   t95[22]= 2.074;
   t95[23]= 2.069;
   t95[24]= 2.064;
   t95[25]= 2.060;
   t95[26]= 2.056;
   t95[27]= 2.052;
   t95[28]= 2.048;
   t95[29]= 2.045;
   t95[30]= 2.042;
   
   t99[1]=63.657;
   t99[2]= 9.925;
   t99[3]= 5.841;
   t99[4]= 4.604;
   t99[5]= 4.032;
   t99[6]= 3.707;
   t99[7]= 3.499;
   t99[8]= 3.355;
   t99[9]= 3.250;
   t99[10]= 3.169;
   t99[11]= 3.106;
   t99[12]= 3.055;
   t99[13]= 3.012;
   t99[14]= 2.977;
   t99[15]= 2.947;
   t99[16]= 2.921;
   t99[17]= 2.898;
   t99[18]= 2.878;
   t99[19]= 2.861;
   t99[20]= 2.845;
   t99[21]= 2.831;
   t99[22]= 2.819;
   t99[23]= 2.807;
   t99[24]= 2.797;
   t99[25]= 2.787;
   t99[26]= 2.779;
   t99[27]= 2.771;
   t99[28]= 2.763;
   t99[29]= 2.756;
   t99[30]= 2.750;
   
   if(level==95){
        return(t95[freedom]);
   } else if(level==99){
        return(t99[freedom]);
   } else{
        return(0);
   }
}

void
calculate_confidence(int confidence_iterations,
                     float time,
                     double result,
                     float loc_cpu,
                     float rem_cpu,
                     float loc_sd,
                     float rem_sd)
{

  if (debug) {
    fprintf(where,
            "calculate_confidence: itr  %d; time %f; res  %f\n",
            confidence_iterations,
            time,
            result);
    fprintf(where,
            "                               lcpu %f; rcpu %f\n",
            loc_cpu,
            rem_cpu);
    fprintf(where,
            "                               lsdm %f; rsdm %f\n",
            loc_sd,
            rem_sd);
    fflush(where);
  }

  /* the test time */
  measured_sum_local_time               += 
    (double) time;
  measured_square_sum_local_time        += 
    (double) time*time;
  measured_mean_local_time              =  
    (double) measured_sum_local_time/confidence_iterations;
  measured_var_local_time               =  
    (double) measured_square_sum_local_time/confidence_iterations
      -measured_mean_local_time*measured_mean_local_time;
  
  /* the test result */
  measured_sum_result           += 
    (double) result;
  measured_square_sum_result    += 
    (double) result*result;
  measured_mean_result          =  
    (double) measured_sum_result/confidence_iterations;
  measured_var_result           =  
    (double) measured_square_sum_result/confidence_iterations
      -measured_mean_result*measured_mean_result;

  /* local cpu utilization */
  measured_sum_local_cpu        += 
    (double) loc_cpu;
  measured_square_sum_local_cpu += 
    (double) loc_cpu*loc_cpu;
  measured_mean_local_cpu       = 
    (double) measured_sum_local_cpu/confidence_iterations;
  measured_var_local_cpu        = 
    (double) measured_square_sum_local_cpu/confidence_iterations
      -measured_mean_local_cpu*measured_mean_local_cpu;

  /* remote cpu util */
  measured_sum_remote_cpu       +=
    (double) rem_cpu;
  measured_square_sum_remote_cpu+=
    (double) rem_cpu*rem_cpu;
  measured_mean_remote_cpu      = 
    (double) measured_sum_remote_cpu/confidence_iterations;
  measured_var_remote_cpu       = 
    (double) measured_square_sum_remote_cpu/confidence_iterations
      -measured_mean_remote_cpu*measured_mean_remote_cpu;

  /* local service demand */
  measured_sum_local_service_demand     +=
    (double) loc_sd;
  measured_square_sum_local_service_demand+=
    (double) loc_sd*loc_sd;
  measured_mean_local_service_demand    = 
    (double) measured_sum_local_service_demand/confidence_iterations;
  measured_var_local_service_demand     = 
    (double) measured_square_sum_local_service_demand/confidence_iterations
      -measured_mean_local_service_demand*measured_mean_local_service_demand;

  /* remote service demand */
  measured_sum_remote_service_demand    +=
    (double) rem_sd;
  measured_square_sum_remote_service_demand+=
    (double) rem_sd*rem_sd;
  measured_mean_remote_service_demand   = 
    (double) measured_sum_remote_service_demand/confidence_iterations;
  measured_var_remote_service_demand    = 
    (double) measured_square_sum_remote_service_demand/confidence_iterations
      -measured_mean_remote_service_demand*measured_mean_remote_service_demand;

  if(confidence_iterations>1){ 
     result_confid= (double) interval - 
       2.0 * confid(confidence_level,confidence_iterations-1)* 
         sqrt(measured_var_result/(confidence_iterations-1.0)) / 
           measured_mean_result;

     loc_cpu_confid= (double) interval - 
       2.0 * confid(confidence_level,confidence_iterations-1)* 
         sqrt(measured_var_local_cpu/(confidence_iterations-1.0)) / 
           measured_mean_local_cpu;

     rem_cpu_confid= (double) interval - 
       2.0 * confid(confidence_level,confidence_iterations-1)*
         sqrt(measured_var_remote_cpu/(confidence_iterations-1.0)) / 
           measured_mean_remote_cpu;

     if(debug){
       printf("Conf_itvl %2d: results:%4.1f%% loc_cpu:%4.1f%% rem_cpu:%4.1f%%\n",
              confidence_iterations,
              (interval-result_confid)*100.0,
              (interval-loc_cpu_confid)*100.0,
              (interval-rem_cpu_confid)*100.0);
     }

     /* if the user has requested that we only wait for the result to
	be confident rather than the result and CPU util(s) then do
	so. raj 2007-08-08 */
     if (!result_confidence_only) {
       confidence = min(min(result_confid,loc_cpu_confid),rem_cpu_confid);
     }
     else {
       confidence = result_confid;
     }
  }
}

 /* here ends the IBM code */

void
retrieve_confident_values(float *elapsed_time,
                          double *thruput,
                          float *local_cpu_utilization,
                          float *remote_cpu_utilization,
                          float *local_service_demand,
                          float *remote_service_demand)

{
  *elapsed_time            = (float)measured_mean_local_time;
  *thruput                 = measured_mean_result;
  *local_cpu_utilization   = (float)measured_mean_local_cpu;
  *remote_cpu_utilization  = (float)measured_mean_remote_cpu;
  *local_service_demand    = (float)measured_mean_local_service_demand;
  *remote_service_demand   = (float)measured_mean_remote_service_demand;
}

 /* display_confidence() is called when we could not achieve the */
 /* desirec confidence in the results. it will print the achieved */
 /* confidence to "where" raj 11/94 */
void
display_confidence()

{
  fprintf(where,
          "!!! WARNING\n");
  fprintf(where,
          "!!! Desired confidence was not achieved within ");
  fprintf(where,
          "the specified iterations.\n");
  fprintf(where,
          "!!! This implies that there was variability in ");
  fprintf(where,
          "the test environment that\n");
  fprintf(where,
          "!!! must be investigated before going further.\n");
  fprintf(where,
          "!!! Confidence intervals: Throughput      : %4.1f%%\n",
          100.0 * (interval - result_confid));
  fprintf(where,
          "!!!                       Local CPU util  : %4.1f%%\n",
          100.0 * (interval - loc_cpu_confid));
  fprintf(where,
          "!!!                       Remote CPU util : %4.1f%%\n\n",
          100.0 * (interval - rem_cpu_confid));
}